The Effectiveness of Hypnoanalgesia Using Conventional and Placebo Hypnosis Induction.

The effectiveness of hypnosis-based pain management is well-established. However, mechanisms of action and specific effective components are not well understood. The sociocognitive theory of hypnosis proposes that the effectiveness of hypnosis for pain management is determined by the nonspecific features of response expectancy and context. We tested this claim by contrasting the effectiveness of 2 hypnoanalgesia procedures in a within subjects design using the cold pressor task. The 2 procedures were identical, including analgesic suggestions, except for the hypnosis induction used. One condition involved a well-established hypnosis induction, including suggestions for focused attention, relaxation, and deepening. The other condition included a sham induction procedure using only white noise. In our confirmatory analysis (N = 46), we found that pain tolerance increased compared to baseline equivalently in the conventional and sham induction conditions (mean increase 13.7 and 12.4 seconds respectively, average within subject difference -1.27 seconds, 90% confidence interval [CI] = -8.46, 5.90). This finding supports the claim of the sociocognitive theory considering that response expectancy for pain reduction was also equivalent between the conditions (average difference 2.30, 90% CI = -2.23, 6.84). However, self-reported hypnosis depth was greater in the conventional induction condition (average difference -.78, 90% CI: -1.36, -.07), which contradicts sociocognitive predictions. Our findings indicate that conventional procedural elements of hypnosis inductions, such as suggestions for focused attention, relaxation, and deepening, may not be necessary to achieve acute pain reduction in an experimental setting when the hypnosis intervention includes analgesic suggestions. PERSPECTIVE: This study assessed the necessary effective components of hypnosis-based analgesia interventions. Our findings suggest that procedural features such as suggestions for focused attention, relaxation, and deepening may not be necessary for hypnoanalgesia as long as pain relief suggestions are present, and the hypnosis context and response expectancy are established. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered on Open Science Framework with the registry number e96xk, available at https://osf.io/e96xk.

Measurement of hepatic glucose (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake with positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging in fumonisin B intoxicated rabbit bucks.

Rabbit bucks (bodyweight 5 kg) underwent dietary intoxication with fumonisin B series mycotoxins (FB1 + FB2 + FB3, 15 mg/kg diet) for 14 days to test the applicability of positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET MR) hybrid imaging in characterizing experimentally induced mild hepatotoxicosis. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) radiotracer-aided imaging was performed before and after FBs administration on identical animals, and at both time points, blood was sampled for haematology and clinical chemistry. Kinetic PET image analysis revealed time-activity curves with uptake maxima below 1 min in the liver, renal cortex, portal vein, lung and coarctatio aortae. In the frame of static PET image analysis, based on the standardized uptake value (SUV), the so-called metabolic liver volume (MLV, liver volume defined by over 0.9 × average liver SUV) and the total liver glycolysis (TLG, MLV multiplied by the SUVmean) were calculated. Mycotoxicosis increased total liver glycolysis (p < 0.04) after 14 days and liver tissue TLG inhomogeneity was minimal. Pearson correlation between TLG and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was positive (0.515), while negative with LDH and AST (- 0.721 and - 0.491, respectively). Results indicate a slight hepatic mycotoxin effect and significantly increased glucose uptake intensity, which has been sensitively detected with molecular imaging (18F-FDG PET MRI) in the rabbit model.

Creating a cross-sectional, CT and MR atlas of the Pannon minipig.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to create a detailed cross-sectional anatomical reference atlas of the Pannon minipig by correlating good resolution CT and MR images with high quality cross-sectional anatomical images. According to the authors knowledge, no detailed anatomical atlas is available for the minipig. MATERIAL AND METHOD: An adult female minipig was utilized for this purpose. The animal was placed in a PVC half tube, and CT generated images of 0.6 mm slice thickness and MR images of 1.41 mm slice thickness were obtained. The images covered the whole body from the most rostral portion of the snout to the tip of the tail. The CT and MR scans were aligned with frozen anatomical sections prepared with an anatomical band saw from the same animal and significant structures were identified and labelled. The terminology employed has been referenced from the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 6th edition-2017. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: The resulting atlas consists of 109 anatomical slices and the corresponding 109 CT and 109 MR scans (altogether 327 images) and the nomenclature list for each image. Although this publication contains limited images of the resulted atlas, it is a reference source for anatomy education and clinical sciences. We are of the opinion that more comprehensive and especially online available interactive atlases should be prepared using similar methodology.

[Multimodal imaging during lung and abdominal stereotactic ablative radiotherapy: from cine MRI through 3D/4D CBCT to intrafractional kV verification]. / Multimodális képalkotás tüdõ- és hasi sztereotaxiás ablatív radioterápia során: a cine MRI-mérésektõl a 3D/4D CBCT-n át a kezelés alatti kV-os képi verifikációig.

Our aim was to present our treatment and verification protocols of linear accelerator-based lung and abdominal stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). During our treatments both the volumetric imaging (3D/4D CBCT/CT) and triggered kV intrafractional tumor motion control could be combined allowing a full control on the whole workflow. The most optimal kV directions from which the tumor is well detectable were defined. Tumor movements measured on cine MRI in treatment position correlated well with the ones on 4D CBCT, thus cine MRI is considered an excellent device to pre-select the appropriate image/treatment verification SABR protocol. In abdominal targets implanted markers and cine MRI are preferred due to limited image quality of CBCT with the current version. In selected lung SABR cases (≥8mm motion) the dose delivery of organs at risk (lungs - GTV, chest wall) could be reduced compared to free breathing conditions, however, the treatment time is at least two-folds higher.