RESUMO
Sustainability assessment of integrated crop-livestock system was crucial for regulating and improving the complex agricultural system. Emergy synthesis (ES) is a suitable tool to assess the sustainability of integrated crop-livestock systems. However, the inconsistent system boundaries and limited assessment indicators caused to subjective and misleading results when comparing the recoupling and decoupling croplivestock models. Therefore, this study defined the rational system boundary of emergy accounting for the comparison of recoupling and decoupling crop-livestock complex systems. Meanwhile, the study designed an emergy-based indices system based on "3R" principles of circular economy. An integrated crop-livestock system including sweet maize cultivation and cow dairy farm in South China was selected as the case to compare sustainability of recoupling and decoupling models under the unified system boundary and modified indices. Results showed that the new ES framework could provide more rational assessment results when comparing the recoupling and decoupling crop-livestock systems. In addition, this study illustrated, through scenario simulation, that the recoupling maize-cow model could be further optimized by regulating the material flow between subsystems and adjusting the system structure. This study would promote the application of ES method in the field of agricultural circular economy.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported an increased risk for second primary malignancies (SPMs) after cervical cancer (CC). This study aims to quantify and assess the risk of developing SPMs in long-term survivors of CC. METHODS: A population-based cohort of CC patients aged 20-79 years was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. A competing risk model and corresponding nomogram were constructed to predict the 3-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative risks of SPMs. A Fine-Gray plot was created to validate the model. Finally, we performed decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the model by calculating the net benefit. RESULTS: A total of 34,295 patients were identified, and approximately 6.3% of the study participants developed SPMs. According to the multivariable competing-risk model, older black CC survivors with localized disease who were treated with radiation therapy were more susceptible to SPMs. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative incidences of SPMs were 2.5%, 3.6%, and 6.2%, respectively. Calibration curves showed good agreement between the predicted and observed models. The DCA yielded a wide range of risk thresholds at which the net benefits could be obtained from our proposed model. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides physicians with a practical, individualized prognostic estimate to assess the risk of SPMs among CC survivors. CC survivors remain at a high risk of developing SPMs, and further surveillance should focus especially on the patients with black race, older age, localized disease, or those having received radiation therapy.
RESUMO
Low-cost, stable, highly sensitive, and easy-to-equip fluorescent high-pressure sensors are always attractive in both industrial and scientific communities. Organic emitting materials with pressure-dependent bathochromisms usually exhibit prominent mechanoluminescence, due to disturbance of intermolecular packing. This hinders their applications in stable and robust pressure sensing. In this work, we have developed a mechanically stable organic molecular pressure sensor, caused by intramolecular consecutive rotations by pressure, which exhibit large and eye-detectable emission bathochromism from yellow-green to red fluorescence and can be used for 0-15 GPa pressure sensing. The emission bathochromism shows good linear relationship with pressure, exhibiting a high linear coefficient of 9.1 nm/GPa. Moreover, this molecular sensor exhibits high thermal and mechanical stabilities, indicating good potentials for robust and outdoor applications.