Success of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Chronic Calcific Pancreatitis Management: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: This is a meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the overall utility and safety of Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in chronic calcific pancreatitis. Primary outcomes are pain relief, narcotic usage, ductal clearance, quality of life, and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function. METHODS: Studies involving ESWL in chronic calcific pancreatitis with main pancreatic duct stones greater than 5 mm and patients that failed conservative pain management were included. Fixed and random effects models were used to calculate the pooled proportions. RESULTS: Initial search identified 1471 reference articles, in which 184 articles were selected and reviewed. Data were extracted from 27 studies (N = 3189) which met the inclusion criterion. The pooled proportion of patients with absence of pain at follow-up was 52.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 50.85-54.56) and mild to moderate pain at follow-up was 33.43% (95% CI, 31.40-35.50). Quality of life improved in 88.21% (95% CI, 85.43-90.73) and complete ductal clearance was 70.69% (95% CI, 68.97-72.38) in the pooled patients. CONCLUSIONS: The ESWL is an effective and safe management option in patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis patients with main pancreatic duct stone size greater than 5 mm who did not get adequate pain relief with conservative management.

Covered versus uncovered self-expandable metal stents for malignant biliary strictures: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are used for palliating inoperable malignant biliary strictures. It is unclear if covered metal stents are superior to uncovered metal stents in these patients. We compared clinical outcomes in patients with covered and uncovered stents. Studies using covered and uncovered metallic stents for palliation in patients with malignant biliary stricture were reviewed. Articles were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Ovid journals. Fixed and random effects models were used to calculate the pooled proportions. Initial search identified 1436 reference articles, of which 132 were selected and reviewed. Thirteen studies (n = 2239) for covered and uncovered metallic stents which met the inclusion criteria were included in this analysis. Odds ratio for stent occlusion rates in covered vs. uncovered stents was 0.79 (95 % CI = 0.65 to 0.96). Survival benefit in patients with covered vs. uncovered stents showed the odds ratio to be 1.29 (95 % CI = 0.95 to 1.74). Pooled odds ratio for migration of covered vs. uncovered stents was 9.9 (95 % CI = 4.5 to 22.3). Covered stents seemed to have significantly lesser occlusion rates, increased odds of migration, and increased odds of pancreatitis compared to uncovered stents. There was no statistically significant difference in the survival benefit, overall adverse event rate, and patency period of covered vs. uncovered metal stents in patients with malignant biliary strictures.

A prospective observational study on feasibility of laparoscopic perforation repair in patients presenting with intestinal perforation at a tertiary care superspeciality hospital in Chhattisgarh

Background: Bowel perforation is one of the common emergencies faced by the surgeons in the developing world. It carries a high morbidity and mortality rate even today. In the present era, laparoscopy is being used as a better treatment alternative across the world. Various reports in literature are now available regarding the feasibility of laparoscopic repair of bowel perforation. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of laparoscopic primary suture repair as the initial modality in treating a bowel perforation and to analyze the pattern of bowel perforation in relation to age, sex and etiology in Chhattisgarh state.Methods: This study included the data of relevant patients who got admitted in Ramkrishna Care Hospital Raipur from 1st October 2017 to 31st September 2019 (24 months).Results: Most commonly affected mean age group in this study was 39±15.82 years with male predominance. Statistically  significant findings in favour of laparoscopic repair in our study were early return of bowel activity, less incidence of surgical site infection, early return to work (less hospital stay), less post-operative pain as compared to open surgery (p<0.05).Conclusions: In this study it was found that laparoscopy in patients with bowel perforation who are hemodynamically stable and present early (<72 hours) to the hospital is feasible and safe and gives many benefits including reduction in perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Spontaneous complete remission of type 1 diabetes mellitus in an adult - review and case report.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition that results in low plasma insulin levels by destruction of beta cells of the pancreas. As part of the natural progression of this disease, some patients regain beta cell activity transiently. This period is often referred to as the 'honeymoon period' or remission of T1DM. During this period, patients manifest improved glycemic control with reduced or no use of insulin or anti-diabetic medications. The incidence rates of remission and duration of remission is extremely variable. Various factors seem to influence the remission rates and duration. These include but are not limited to C-peptide level, serum bicarbonate level at the time of diagnosis, duration of T1DM symptoms, haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels at the time of diagnosis, sex, and age of the patient. Mechanism of remission is not clearly understood. Extensive research is ongoing in regard to the possible prevention and reversal of T1DM. However, most of the studies that showed positive results were small and uncontrolled. We present a 32-year-old newly diagnosed T1DM patient who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and HbA1C of 12.7%. She was on basal bolus insulin regimen for the first 4 months after diagnosis. Later, she stopped taking insulin and other anti-diabetic medications due to compliance and logistical issues. Eleven months after diagnosis, her HbA1C spontaneously improved to 5.6%. Currently (14 months after T1DM diagnosis), she is still in complete remission, not requiring insulin therapy.

Laparoscopic management of left paraduodenal hernia: a rare case report

An internal hernia is any protrusion of a solid organ or a hollow viscus through a defect within the abdominal cavity. Paraduodenal hernias are rare, but are the most common variety of internal hernias. We present a rare case of a left sided paraduodenal hernia in a 26 years old otherwise healthy male who presented in emergency department with intermittent colicky upper abdominal pain. Left paraduodenal hernia was diagnosed pre operatively in a computer tomography scan. Hence patient was offered a laparoscopic repair. Our search via online search engines revealed very few case reports of Paraduodenal hernias which were repaired laparoscopically. We believe that in expert hands, paraduodenal hernias should be managed with laparoscopic technique as it significantly reduces morbidity and hospital stay.

Acute respiratory distress caused by Neosartorya udagawae.

We describe the first reported case of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) attributed to Neosartorya udagawae infection. This mold grew rapidly in cultures of multiple respiratory specimens from a previously healthy 43-year-old woman. Neosartorya spp. are a recently recognized cause of invasive disease in immunocompromised patients that can be mistaken for their sexual teleomorph, Aspergillus fumigatus. Because the cultures were sterile, phenotypic identification was not possible. DNA sequencing of ITS, calmodulin and ß-tubulin genes supported identification of Neosartorya udagawae. Our case is the first report of ARDS associated with Neosartorya sp. infection and defines a new clinical entity.