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1.
Phys Rev Lett ; 129(14): 142502, 2022 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36240396

RESUMO

The root mean square radii of the proton density distribution in ^{16-24}O derived from measurements of charge changing cross sections with a carbon target at ∼900A MeV together with the matter radii portray thick neutron skin for ^{22-24}O despite ^{22,24}O being doubly magic. Imprints of the shell closures at N=14 and 16 are reflected in local minima of their proton radii that provide evidence for the tensor interaction causing them. The radii agree with ab initio calculations employing the chiral NNLO_{sat} interaction, though skin thickness predictions are challenged. Shell model predictions agree well with the data.


Assuntos
Nêutrons , Prótons , Carbono
2.
Phys Rev Lett ; 121(24): 242501, 2018 Dec 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30608744

RESUMO

The isospin character of p-n pairs at large relative momentum has been observed for the first time in the ^{16}O ground state. A strong population of the J,T=1,0 state and a very weak population of the J,T=0,1 state were observed in the neutron pickup domain of ^{16}O(p,pd) at 392 MeV. This strong isospin dependence at large momentum transfer is not reproduced by the distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations with known spectroscopic amplitudes. The results indicate the presence of high-momentum protons and neutrons induced by the tensor interactions in the ground state of ^{16}O.

3.
Phys Rev Lett ; 118(26): 262502, 2017 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28707906

RESUMO

How does nature hold together protons and neutrons to form the wide variety of complex nuclei in the Universe? Describing many-nucleon systems from the fundamental theory of quantum chromodynamics has been the greatest challenge in answering this question. The chiral effective field theory description of the nuclear force now makes this possible but requires certain parameters that are not uniquely determined. Defining the nuclear force needs identification of observables sensitive to the different parametrizations. From a measurement of proton elastic scattering on ^{10}C at TRIUMF and ab initio nuclear reaction calculations, we show that the shape and magnitude of the measured differential cross section is strongly sensitive to the nuclear force prescription.

4.
Phys Rev Lett ; 117(10): 102501, 2016 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27636470

RESUMO

Proton radii of ^{12-19}C densities derived from first accurate charge changing cross section measurements at 900A MeV with a carbon target are reported. A thick neutron surface evolves from ∼0.5 fm in ^{15}C to ∼1 fm in ^{19}C. The halo radius in ^{19}C is found to be 6.4±0.7 fm as large as ^{11}Li. Ab initio calculations based on chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces reproduce the radii well.

5.
Phys Rev Lett ; 117(20): 202501, 2016 Nov 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27886506

RESUMO

Excitation spectra of ^{11}C are measured in the ^{12}C(p,d) reaction near the η^{'} emission threshold. A proton beam extracted from the synchrotron SIS-18 at GSI with an incident energy of 2.5 GeV impinges on a carbon target. The momenta of deuterons emitted at 0° are precisely measured with the fragment separator (FRS) operated as a spectrometer. In contrast to theoretical predictions on the possible existence of deeply bound η^{'}-mesic states in carbon nuclei, no distinct structures are observed associated with the formation of bound states. The spectra are analyzed to set stringent constraints on the formation cross section and on the hitherto barely known η^{'}-nucleus interaction.

6.
Phys Rev Lett ; 114(19): 192502, 2015 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26024166

RESUMO

The first conclusive evidence of a dipole resonance in ^{11}Li having isoscalar character observed from inelastic scattering with a novel solid deuteron target is reported. The experiment was performed at the newly commissioned IRIS facility at TRIUMF. The results show a resonance peak at an excitation energy of 1.03±0.03 MeV with a width of 0.51±0.11 MeV (FWHM). The angular distribution is consistent with a dipole excitation in the distorted-wave Born approximation framework. The observed resonance energy together with shell model calculations show the first signature that the monopole tensor interaction is important in ^{11}Li. The first ab initio calculations in the coupled cluster framework are also presented.

7.
Phys Rev Lett ; 113(13): 132501, 2014 Sep 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25302882

RESUMO

The first determination of radii of point proton distribution (proton radii) of (12-17)B from charge-changing cross sections (σ(CC)) measurements at the FRS, GSI, Darmstadt is reported. The proton radii are deduced from a finite-range Glauber model analysis of the σ(CC). The radii show an increase from ¹³B to ¹7B and are consistent with predictions from the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics model for the neutron-rich nuclei. The measurements show the existence of a thick neutron surface with neutron-proton radius difference of 0.51(0.11) fm in ¹7B.

8.
Phys Rev Lett ; 107(3): 032502, 2011 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21838353

RESUMO

Charge-changing cross sections σ(cc) of stable and unstable nuclei ((9-11)Be, (14-16)C, and (16-18)O) on a carbon target were investigated at 300 MeV/nucleon. A phenomenological analysis based on the Glauber theory indicates an approximate, but universal, scaling of σ(cc) over a wide range of A/Z. This allows the determination of the density distributions of protons tightly bound in the nuclei. An application to (16)C, which is considered to be an anomalously deformed nucleus, indicates a systematic evolution of proton root-mean-square radii and has revealed for the first time a neutron skin effect in carbon isotopes. Being complementary to isotope-shift and electron-scattering experiments, the present method can open up a new approach to explore the structure of exotic nuclei.

9.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 4074, 2020 03 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32139763

RESUMO

Environmental radioactive contamination caused by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident has aroused great concern regarding a possible increase in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer. The ultrasound examinations were conducted immediately after the accident as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS), which is divided into the preliminary baseline survey (PBLS) and the full-scale survey (FSS). Some of their outcomes are reported regularly and made available to the public. We have detailed measurements of the air-dose rates and radioactive elements in soil in many places all over the Fukushima prefecture. To study the dose-response relationship, we begin with the assumption that the external and internal doses are correlated with the air-dose rate and the amount of 131I in soil, respectively. We then investigate the relationship between these estimated doses and the PBLS and FSS thyroid cancer cases. Our analysis shows that the dose-response curve with the FSS data clearly differs from that with the PBLS data. Finally, we consider the potential mitigating effects of evacuation from highly contaminated areas in both external and internal exposure scenarios.


Assuntos
Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Radioisótopos do Iodo/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Monitoramento de Radiação , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Criança , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Doses de Radiação , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/etiologia
10.
Nat Commun ; 9(1): 1594, 2018 04 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29686394

RESUMO

The nuclear shell structure, which originates in the nearly independent motion of nucleons in an average potential, provides an important guide for our understanding of nuclear structure and the underlying nuclear forces. Its most remarkable fingerprint is the existence of the so-called magic numbers of protons and neutrons associated with extra stability. Although the introduction of a phenomenological spin-orbit (SO) coupling force in 1949 helped in explaining the magic numbers, its origins are still open questions. Here, we present experimental evidence for the smallest SO-originated magic number (subshell closure) at the proton number six in 13-20C obtained from systematic analysis of point-proton distribution radii, electromagnetic transition rates and atomic masses of light nuclei. Performing ab initio calculations on 14,15C, we show that the observed proton distribution radii and subshell closure can be explained by the state-of-the-art nuclear theory with chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces, which are rooted in the quantum chromodynamics.

11.
Phys Rev Lett ; 84(24): 5493-5, 2000 Jun 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10990977

RESUMO

We have surveyed the neutron separation energies (S(n)) and the interaction cross sections (sigma(I)) for the neutron-rich p-sd and the sd shell region. Very recently, both measurements reached up to the neutron drip line, or close to the drip line, for nuclei of Z/=3), which shows the creation of a new magic number. A neutron-number dependence of sigma(I) shows a large increase of sigma(I) for N = 15, which supports the new magic number. The origin of the new magic number is also discussed.

16.
Phys Rev Lett ; 102(15): 152501, 2009 Apr 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19518623

RESUMO

The first measurement of the momentum distribution for one-neutron removal from (24)O at 920A MeV performed at GSI, Darmstadt is reported. The observed distribution has a width (FWHM) of 99 +/- 4 MeV/c in the projectile rest frame and a one-neutron removal cross section of 63 +/- 7 mb. The results are well explained with a nearly pure 2s_{1/2} neutron spectroscopic factor of 1.74 +/- 0.19 within the eikonal model. This large s-wave probability shows a spherical shell closure thereby confirming earlier suggestions that (24)O is a new doubly magic nucleus.

17.
Phys Rev Lett ; 100(19): 192502, 2008 May 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18518445

RESUMO

The p((11)Li, (9)Li)t reaction has been studied for the first time at an incident energy of 3A MeV at the new ISAC-2 facility at TRIUMF. An active target detector MAYA, built at GANIL, was used for the measurement. The differential cross sections have been determined for transitions to the (9)Li ground and first excited states in a wide range of scattering angles. Multistep transfer calculations using different (11)Li model wave functions show that wave functions with strong correlations between the halo neutrons are the most successful in reproducing the observation.

18.
Phys Rev Lett ; 95(10): 102501, 2005 Sep 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16196923

RESUMO

The masses of the radioactive nuclei (46)V and its decay daughter (46)Ti have been measured with the Canadian Penning Trap on-line Penning trap mass spectrometer to a precision of 1 x 10(-8). A Q(EC) value of 7052.90(40) keV for the superallowed beta decay of (46)V is obtained from the difference of these two masses. With this precise Q value, the Ft value for this decay is determined with improved precision. An investigation of an earlier Q-value measurement for (46)V uncovers a set of 7 measurements that cannot be reconciled with modern data and affects previous evaluations of V(ud) from superallowed Fermi decays. A new evaluation, adding our new data and removing the discredited subset, yields new values for G(V) and V(ud). When combined with recent results for V(us), this yields modified constraints for the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix and other extensions of the standard model.

19.
Mamm Genome ; 9(8): 643-51, 1998 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9680385

RESUMO

The RLGS (Restriction Landmark Genome Scanning) method was originally developed as a powerful method for enabling viewing of thousands of restriction landmarks. It offers a tool for obtaining information about genetic loci, with a single RLGS profile displaying approximately 2000 restriction landmarks as spots. One of the most useful applications is RLGS spot mapping, which allows the efficient, low-cost construction of the genetic map of any organism. However, analyses of the profiles depend mainly on human visual observation and are tedious and laborious. Although several commercially available image analyzing systems for profile comparison have been examined, they cannot be used for the RLGS spot mapping system owing to the background characteristics of the RLGS profiles, unsatisfactory rates of correspondence, and inefficient correction of informative genetic data. We therefore developed a novel automatic image analysis system for RLGS spot mapping, using an original algorithm based on the binary image transferred from the original RLGS profile. This system was employed for identifying non-polymorphic and parental strain-specific polymorphic spots of the F1 mouse profile and yielded efficient initial screening of RLGS profiles.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Animais , Automação , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Genoma , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Muridae , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Mapeamento por Restrição/métodos , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos
20.
Mamm Genome ; 10(6): 611-6, 1999 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10341096

RESUMO

The construction of a genetic linkage map is the first, fundamental step to analyze the genetic properties of any organism. For this purpose, the restriction landmark genome scanning method (RLGS) can be used and has been shown to have high productivity in various genetic analyses. However, construction of a genetic linkage map by the RLGS method is laborious, because hundreds of spots must be scored, usually by visual observation. In order to reduce human involvement in the data processing, we developed an image analysis software, RAT (RLGS Analysis Tool). We evaluated its accuracy and feasibility by comparing the parental distribution patterns of RLGS spots obtained by RAT and by human observation, using Syrian hamster strain backcross progeny. We then used RAT to construct a genetic linkage map of the recombinant inbred strain SMXA. We were able to obtain 121 progenitor strain-specific spots that were assigned to a specific chromosome.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Ligação Genética , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Mesocricetus/genética , Animais , Cricetinae , Endogamia , Phodopus , Recombinação Genética , Mapeamento por Restrição , Software
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