Chemical characterization, nematicidal and antioxidant activities of Thymus linearis Benth.

Thymus linearis and its essential oil (EO) are used to cure a range of diseases in traditional medicine. GC-MS analysis of Thymus linearis EO revealed the presence of sixty-four components. Thymol (50.62%), carvacrol (13.23 %), carvacrol acetate (7.72%), -bisabolene (5.47%) and o-cymene (5.47%) are the only five basic constituents in the oil which accounts for 82.07% of oil. When compared to other compounds, the EO and its primary components thymol and carvacrol had the largest proportion of mortality in Meloidogyne javanica. Carvacrol has also been proven to be helpful in suppressing the hatching of M. javanica eggs. This is the first time T. linearis EO and its constituents, such as borneol and caryophyllene, have been studied for nematicidal action. The antioxidant activity of EO components and active compounds was assessed using the ABTS radical scavenging method. Thymol and carvacrol were found to exhibit high antioxidant activity. The IC50 of thymol and carvacrol are found to be 38.18 g/ml and 49.65 g/ml, respectively and are comparable to the positive control trolox (47.12 g/ml). Results clearly showed high potency for EO and its constituents, thymol and carvacrol as nematicidal and antioxidant agents.

Synthesis of metal anthranilate complexes: catalytic and antipathogenic studies.

BACKGROUND: Anthranilic acid is an active compound with diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, anti-malarial and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. It can also chelate transition metals to form complexes with applications as antipathogens, photoluminescent materials, corrosion inhibitors, and catalysts. RESULTS: Anthranilic acid complexes (1-10) of Zn(II), Bi(III), Ag(I), Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Al, Ni(II), and Cr(III) were synthesized and characterized using thermogravimetric (TGA), elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis spectrometry, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility. The morphology and size of metal complex (1-10) particles were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the surface area was determined by BET analysis. TGA and CHN analysis data indicated that the stoichiometries of complexes were 1:2 metal/ligand except for Ag(I), Al and Bi. Furthermore, DFT study was performed to optimize the structure of selected complexes. The complexes (1-10) were evaluated for their catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeroginosa and E. coli as well as their antifungal activity against F. solani and A. niger. The complexes were also tested against the second-stage juveniles (J2) root-knot nematodes. CONCLUSION: Co(II) complex 5 and Cu(II) complex 6 showed high catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Ag(I) complex 3 showed the best activity against the pathogens that were tested namely clinically important bacteria S. aureus, P. aeroginosa and E. coli, commercially important fungi F. solani and A. niger and J2 root-knot nematodes M. javanica.

https://www.fungiofpakistan.com: a continuously updated online database of fungi in Pakistan.

The website fungiofpakistan.com is a collection of all the available data about macro- as well as micro-fungi collected from Pakistan. This website comprises reported fungal species with isolation source or host record, locality and updated classification. The data on this website is based on old literature (library data, personal data of specific authors or books that were not easily accessible to public) and recent publications. This website is an important potential platform for researchers, government officials, industries and other users. Users can provide their inputs related to missing taxa, new genera, the new record and new data. They also have the opportunity to express their opinions on valid names, invalid names and illegitimate names, with notes published in the 'Notes' section of webpage provided following review and editing by curators and fungal taxonomists. This website plays a significant contribution to our knowledge of the rich fungal diversity of Pakistan. However, much more sustained and detailed research is needed to fully evaluate fungal diversity in Pakistan. Undoubtedly, that many more fungi will be discovered and added in the future. DATABASE URL: https://fungiofpakistan.com/.

An unusual presentation of placenta percreta.

Morbidly adherent placenta is a rare clinical condition resulting from abnormally invasive implantation of the placenta into the uterine substance and potentially into the surrounding organs (percreta). We report a case of invasive placentation extending through the uterine wall into the bladder and causing primary and recurrent secondary postpartum hemorrhage. It is emphasized that to avoid catastrophic complications, efforts to reach an early antenatal diagnosis should be made through various imaging modalities available in patients with a history of lower segment caesarean section.