Comparison between laparoscopic and abdominal radical hysterectomy for cervical adenosquamous carcinoma at stage IA2 to IIA2: A multicenter retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the 5-year oncological outcomes of laparoscopic/abdominal radical hysterectomy (LRH/ARH) in patients with cervical adenosquamous carcinoma at stage IA2 to IIA2 based on the 2009 or 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging criteria. METHODS: Based on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer in China (Four C) database, Cox risk regression models were applied to analyze tumor prognosis treated with ARH/LRH in FIGO 2009 and 2018 IA2-IIA2 patients and stratified findings according to tumor diameter (≤4 and >4 cm subgroups). And to avoid bias, propensity score matching (PSM) was also used for the cohort study. RESULTS: Based on FIGO 2009 staging criteria (n = 474), there was no significant difference between the ARH and LRH groups in 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS). Lymph node metastasis was a risk factor for 5-year DFS in this stage. After PSM, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) was an independent risk factor for 5-year OS in the tumors ≤4 cm subgroup. Based on FIGO2018 staging criteria (n = 322), cervical interstitial infiltration depth was an independent risk factor for 5-year OS in the total population and the tumor diameter ≤4 cm subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery was not a risk factor affecting the oncologic prognosis of adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix based on either FIGO 2009 or 2018 staging of stage IA2-IIA2. In addition, LRH may be considered for patients with early-stage cervical adenosquamous carcinoma.

Flight and Walking Performance of Dark Black Chafer Beetle Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Presence of Known Hosts and Attractive Nonhost Plants.

Holotrichia parallela damages seriously on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) pods. Elucidation of its flight and walking performance in the presence of different plants may provide an insight in its host selection process and an explanation to its strong olfactory preference to an attractive nonhost, castor bean (Ricinus communis). We determined the relationships among flight performance, mate choice, and body weight of H. parallela beetles, and then investigated their flight and walking patterns in the presence of known hosts and attractive nonhost plants using a flight mill and a locomotion compensator, respectively. Body weights were not related to mating success, regardless of sex. The flight proportion of selected females drastically decreased compared with nonselected females, nonselected males, and selected males. Within mated males, heavier individuals exhibited poorer flight performance than lighter ones. In flight bioassay, peanut showed an arrestment effect on virgin females. For walking activity factors (distance, time, and speed), the host plants velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) elicited the strongest responses in females and males, respectively. Interestingly, the most preferred adult host, Siberian elm, and the nonhost, castor bean, elicited the highest values of two orientation factors (orientation and upwind length) in females. The chemical similarity hypothesis, which states that feeding or oviposition of insects mistakenly on nonhost can be traced to their chemical similarity to actual hosts, could explain the attraction of H. parallela to castor bean.

Fatal Attraction: Ricinus communis Provides an Attractive but Risky Mating Site for Holotrichia parallela Beetles.

The castor bean, Ricinus communis L., is a non-host plant for the large black chafer, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). In laboratory bioassays we found that this plant was no less attractive than the main host plant (peanut, Arachis hypogaea) and three food plant species: velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), the glossy privet (Ligustrum lucidum), and the Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila). In field trapping experiments a Soxhlet extract of castor bean leaves caught more beetles than the optimal sex lure blend [(R)-(-)-linalool and (L)-isoleucine methyl ester blended in a ratio of 1:4], compared at equal doses (500 µl), and laboratory bioassays indicated that a castor bean plant could enhance the attractiveness of different blend ratios of sex lures. Olfactometer bioassays showed that males prefer volatiles emitted from different combinations of castor bean plant extracts and a signaling female over a female alone. In the presence of castor bean plants copulation rates of H. parallela were highest among all test environments both in laboratory bioassays (60%) and in field tests (70%). This study, combined with our previous observation of the feeding behavior of H. parallela adults on castor bean leaves, suggests that castor bean plants may provide an attractive but risky mating site for H. parallela beetles. The enhancement of male mate-location and copulation rate in the presence of castor bean plants can balance its paralytic effects on H. parallela after intake of potential toxins contained in its leaves.

The changing situation about maternal age, risk factors and pregnancy outcomes after the two-child policy: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the relationship between gestational age, risk factors, pregnancy outcomes, and the causes and trends of the changes in the incidence of pregnancy in different years after the two-child policy. METHODS: The study enrolled all of the childbirth women (n=7,016) from January 1st, 2015 to December 31th, 2017 in the Zhujiang Hospital. According to the age of all childbirth women, they were divided into four groups: ≤24, 25-29, 30-34 and ≥35 years old. While 20-29 years old group regarded as the control group (OR =1). Pregnancy complications and outcomes data of 4 groups were collected. χ 2 test and binarylogistic regression used as the analyze method. Stratified chi-square used to compare the rates between the pregnancy risk factors, childbirth modes and pregnancy outcomes in different years, which may be affected by the age. RESULTS: Compared with the other groups, women in ≥35 years old showed the highest incidences of chronic medical complications and pregnancy induced complications, so as the abnormal neonatal birth outcomes. While women in ≤24 years old displayed a high risk of preeclampsia. After the childbearing policy change, the maternal age ratio increased year by year. The incidences of various risk factors, delivery modes and adverse pregnancy outcomes were also changed between different years and different age groups. The differences of annual incidence showed a statistical significance besides oligohydramnios. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that the changes in childbearing policy lead to the changes of age distribution proportion, which finally caused the changes of risk factors incidence. Furthermore, the advance of medical technology and society also affected the changes of pregnancy risk factors, delivery modes and the pregnancy outcomes in different years.

Comparative host selection responses of specialist (Helicoverpa assulta) and generalist (Helicoverpa armigera) moths in complex plant environments.

We tested the behavioral responses of ovipositing females and natal larvae of two sibling species, a generalist Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and a specialist Helicoverpa assulta (Guenée), to odor sources emitted from different combinations of six plant species (tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum; hot pepper, Capsicum annuum; tomato, Solanum esculentum; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum; peanut, Arachis hypogaea; maize, Zea mays). Under the conditions of plant materials versus corresponding controls, both stages of both species could find their corresponding host plants. However, H. assulta females and larvae exhibited a supersensitive and an insensitive response, respectively. Under the conditions of tobacco paired with each plant species, H. assulta females exhibited more specialized ovipositional response to tobacco than its sibling. When each plant species were combined with tobacco and tested against tobacco reference, peanut played an opposite role in the two species in their ovipositional responses to tobacco, and cotton can enhance the approaching response of H. armigera larvae when combined with tobacco. It seems that two attractive host plants also can act antagonistically with respect to host selection of the generalist via volatile exchange. Tomato should better be excluded from host list of H. assulta.

[Amelioration effect of sand-fixing Hedysarum fruticosum plantations on soil nutrient contents and biological activities].

With adjacent semi-moving dune as the control, this paper studied the effects of 5-, 10- and 22-year old Hedysarum fruticosum plantations on the nutrient status, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities at the soil depths 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. The results showed that with the establishment of H. fruticosum plantation on moving dune, soil C, N, P and K contents and biological activities increased obviously with the increasing age of the plantation, and the increment was much higher at 0-10 cm than at 10-20 and 20-30 cm. At 0-30 cm, soil C/N increased from 7.3 to 8.5, and microbial biomass C, N and P as well as the activities of urease, protease, saccharase, phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase and nitrate reductase all increased. Among the test enzyme activities, saccharase activity had the most significant increase, with its value at 0-10 cm being 49.7-284.5 times of the control. There were significant positive correlations between soil microbial biomass C, N and P and organic C, total N and total P, respectively, and between soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities.