RESUMO
Modulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have recently emerged as novel players in the field of leukemia biology. The mechanisms by which EMT modulators contribute to leukemia pathogenesis, however, remain to be elucidated. Here we show that overexpression of SNAI1, a key modulator of EMT, is a pathologically relevant event in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that contributes to impaired differentiation, enhanced self-renewal, and proliferation of immature myeloid cells. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of Snai1 in hematopoietic cells predisposes mice to AML development. This effect is mediated by interaction with the histone demethylase KDM1A/LSD1. Our data shed new light on the role of SNAI1 in leukemia development and identify a novel mechanism of LSD1 corruption in cancer. This is particularly pertinent given the current interest surrounding the use of LSD1 inhibitors in the treatment of multiple different malignancies, including AML.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Histona Desmetilases/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Fatores de Transcrição da Família Snail/fisiologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Células HL-60 , Histona Desmetilases/genética , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Ligação Proteica , Fatores de Transcrição da Família Snail/genética , Fatores de Transcrição da Família Snail/metabolismoRESUMO
Atherosclerosis, the progressive buildup of plaque within arterial blood vessels, can lead to fatal downstream events, such as heart attack or stroke. A key event contributing to the development of atherosclerosis is the infiltration of monocytes and its associated inflammation, as well as the formation of lipid-laden macrophage foam cells within the vessel wall. IL-37 is recognized as an important anti-inflammatory cytokine expressed especially by immune cells. This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of macrophage-expressed IL-37 in reducing the production and effects of proinflammatory cytokines, preventing foam cell formation, and reducing the development of atherosclerosis. Expression of human IL-37 was achieved with a macrophage-specific overexpression system, using the CD68 promoter in mouse primary bone marrow-derived macrophages via retroviral transduction. Macrophage IL-37 expression in vitro resulted in decreased mRNA (e.g., IL-1B, IL-6, and IL-12) and secreted protein production (e.g., IL-6, M-CSF, and ICAM-1) of key inflammatory mediators. IL-37 expression also inhibited macrophage proliferation, apoptosis, and transmigration, as well as reduced lipid uptake, compared with controls in vitro. The in vivo effects of macrophage-expressed IL-37 were investigated through bone marrow transplantation of transduced hematopoietic stem cells into irradiated atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr-/- mice. After 10 wk on a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, mice with IL-37-expressing macrophages showed reduced disease pathogenesis, which was demonstrated by significantly less arterial plaque development and systemic inflammation compared with control mice. The athero-protective effect of macrophage-expressed IL-37 has implications for development of future therapies to treat atherosclerosis, as well as other chronic inflammatory diseases.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose/imunologia , Hiperlipidemias/imunologia , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Macrófagos/imunologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-1/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Especificidade de ÓrgãosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Macrophage foam cell formation is a key feature of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that specific microRNAs (miRs) are regulated in modified low-density lipoprotein-treated macrophages, which can affect the cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Undertaking a genome-wide screen of miRs regulated in primary macrophages by modified low-density lipoprotein, miR-302a emerged as a potential candidate that may play a key role in macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: The objective of this study was to assess the involvement of miR-302a in macrophage lipid homeostasis and if it can influence circulating lipid levels and atherosclerotic development when it is inhibited in a murine atherosclerosis model. We found that transfection of primary macrophages with either miR-302a or anti-miR-302a regulated the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCA1 mRNA and protein. Luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-302a repressed the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) activity of mouse Abca1 by 48% and human ABCA1 by 45%. In addition, transfection of murine macrophages with miR-302a attenuated cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) by 38%. Long-term in vivo administration of anti-miR-302a to mice with low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency (Ldlr(-/-)) fed an atherogenic diet led to an increase in ABCA1 in the liver and aorta as well as an increase in circulating plasma high-density lipoprotein levels by 35% compared with that of control mice. The anti-miR-302a-treated mice also displayed reduced atherosclerotic plaque size by ≈25% and a more stable plaque morphology with reduced signs of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: These studies identify miR-302a as a novel modulator of cholesterol efflux and a potential therapeutic target for suppressing atherosclerosis.
Assuntos
Aorta/metabolismo , Doenças da Aorta/sangue , Aterosclerose/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Macrófagos/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Transportador 1 de Cassete de Ligação de ATP/genética , Transportador 1 de Cassete de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Animais , Aorta/patologia , Doenças da Aorta/genética , Doenças da Aorta/patologia , Doenças da Aorta/prevenção & controle , Apolipoproteína A-I/sangue , Aterosclerose/genética , Aterosclerose/patologia , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Células COS , Chlorocebus aethiops , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Homeostase , Humanos , Fígado/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , MicroRNAs/genética , Oligonucleotídeos Antissenso/genética , Oligonucleotídeos Antissenso/metabolismo , Placa Aterosclerótica , Receptores de LDL/deficiência , Receptores de LDL/genética , Fatores de Tempo , TransfecçãoRESUMO
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