Uric acid is associated with morpho-functional adipose tissue markers in apparently healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: Studies have focused on the search of novel biomarkers that allow to easily identify dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT). Uric acid (UA) could be produced and reabsorbed by AT. It has been suggested that the increases of UA concentrations participates in AT dysfunction. We investigated the association of UA with morpho-functional adipose tissue markers in apparently healthy subjects. METHODS: Forty apparently healthy individuals were included. Dietary habits and anthropometrical features were evaluated. Circulating concentrations of UA, adiponectin, leptin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were quantified. Periumbilical subcutaneous AT samples were obtained and adipocyte number, adipocyte area, and macrophages content were assessed. RESULTS: The present study included 40 healthy subjects (67% women) with an average age of 57 ± 9 y, BMI of 26 ± 4 (kg/m2). UA showed a significant association with the number and mean area of adipocytes, macrophages number, adiponectin, and PAI-1. Although UA was independently associated with the number and mean area of adipocytes, macrophages number, adiponectin into the adjusted multivariable model. CONCLUSION: UA concentrations are associated with morpho-functional adipose tissue markers. Our results underscore the importance of UA as one earlier instigator of adipose tissue dysfunction in subjects without metabolic abnormalities.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Compassionate Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to COVID 19.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have received particular attention due to their ability to inhibit inflammation caused by cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. In this way some patients have been treated successfully. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and describe the clinical changes after IV administration of allogeneic human umbilical cord MSC (ahUCMSC), in patients with bilateral pneumonia caused by COVID-19, complicated with severe ARDS, as compassionate treatment. This was a pilot, open-label, prospective, longitudinal study. Five patients that did not improve in their clinical conditions after 48 hours of receiving the standard medical management used by the Medical Center and with persistent PaO2/FiO2 less than 100 mmHg were enrolled. ahUCMSC were infused IV, at dose of 1x106 per Kg of body weight over 15 minutes. Patients were monitored after the infusion to detect adverse event. Pa02/FiO2, vital signs, D-dimer, C reactive protein and total lymphocytes were monitored for 21 days after the infusion or until the patient was discharged from the hospital. Descriptive statistics were used with means or medians and standard deviation or interquartile range according to the type of variable. The Wilcoxon's rank-sum was used for stationary samples. Adverse events occurred in three patients and were easily and quickly controlled. Immediately after the infusion of ahUCMSC, constant rise of PaO2/FiO2 was observed in all patients during the first 7 days, with statistical significance. Three patients survived and were extubated on the ninth day post-infusion. Two patients died at 13 and 15 days after infusion. The infusion of ahUCMSC in patients with severe ARDS caused by COVID-19, was safe, and demonstrated its anti-inflammatory capacity in the lungs, by improving the respiratory function expressed by PaO2 / FiO2, which allowed the survival of 3 patients, with extubation at 9 days.

[The importance of soy in Mexico, its nutritional value and effect on health]. / La historia del uso de la soya en México, su valor nutricional y su efecto en la salud.

Soy protein has been used in several Latin-American countries including Mexico in various food programs with the purpose to improve the nutritional status of the population due to the high nutritional value and its relatively low cost that was maintained for some time. In the present work, the use and research on soy in Mexico since 1970 is described. In addition, this review shows the effects of the different components of soy, in particular its protein and the isoflavones on health, the mechanism of action of soy protein to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides, and insulin secretion, as well as its glycemic response, and finally, the recommendations of soy protein consumption to obtain a health benefit.

[Glycemic, insulinemic index, glycemic load of soy beverage with low and high content of carbohydrates]. / Indice glicémico, índice insulinémico y carga glicémica de bebidas de soya con un contenido bajo y alto en hidratos de carbono.

Consumption of soy has increased in Western countries due to the benefits on health and the attitude of the people to consume natural products as alternative to the use of pharmacological therapies. However, there is no evidence whether the consumption of 25 g of soy protein as recommended by the Food and Drug Administration has some effect on glucose absorption and consequently on insulin secretion. The aim of the present study was to determine glycemic index (GI), insulinemic index (InIn), and glycemic load (GL) of several soy beverages containing low or high concentration of carbohydrates, and compare them with other foods such as peanuts, whole milk, soluble fiber and a mixed meal on GI and InIn. The results showed that soy beverages had low or moderate GI, depending of the presence of other compounds like carbohydrates and fiber. Consumption of soy beverages with low concentration of carbohydrates produced the lowest insulin secretion. Therefore, these products can be recommended in obese and diabetic patients. Finally soy beverages should contain low maltodextrins concentration and be added of soluble fiber.

La historia del uso de la soya en México, su valor nutricional y su efecto en la salud / The importance of soy in Mexico, its nutritional value and effect on health

La proteína de soya se ha utilizado en algunos países latinoamericanos, incluido México, en diversos programas de alimentación; el propósito ha sido el de mejorar el estado nutricional de la población debido a su elevado valor nutricio y su costo relativamente bajo que mantuvo por algún tiempo. En este trabajo se describen los usos y la investigación que se ha llevado a cabo sobre la soya en México desde 1970. Además, se revisan los efectos de los diferentes componentes de la soya, en particular de su proteína y las isoflavonas, sobre la salud, su mecanismo de acción en la reducción del colesterol y los triglicéridos y la disminución de la secreción de insulina, así como su respuesta glucémica; por último, se delinean las recomendaciones del consumo de la proteína de soya parar obtener un beneficio en la salud.

Soy protein has been used in several Latin-American countries including Mexico in various food programs with the purpose to improve the nutritional status of the population due to the high nutritional value and its relatively low cost that was maintained for some time. In the present work, the use and research on soy in Mexico since 1970 is described. In addition, this review shows the effects of the different components of soy, in particular its protein and the isoflavones on health, the mechanism of action of soy protein to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides, and insulin secretion, as well as its glycemic response, and finally, the recommendations of soy protein consumption to obtain a health benefit.

Índice glicémico, índice insulinémico y carga glicémica de bebidas de soya con un contenido bajo y alto en hidratos de carbono / Glycemic, insulinemic index, glycemic load of soy beverage with low and high content of carbohydrates

Consumption of soy has increased in Western countries due to the benefits on health and the attitude of the people to consume natural products as alternative to the use of pharmacological therapies. However, there is no evidence whether the consumption of 25 g of soy protein as recommended by the Food and Drug Administration has some effect on glucose absorption and consequently on insulin secretion. The aim of the present study was to determine glycemic index (GI), insulinemic index (InIn), and glycemic load (GL) of several soy beverages containing low or high concentration of carbohydrates, and compare them with other foods such as peanuts, whole milk, soluble fiber and a mixed meal on GI and InIn. The results showed that soy beverages had low or moderate GI, depending of the presence of other compounds like carbohydrates and fiber. Consumption of soy beverages with low concentration of carbohydrates produced the lowest insulin secretion. Therefore, these products can be recommended in obese and diabetic patients. Finally soy beverages should contain low maltodextrins concentration and be added of soluble fiber.

El consumo de soya se ha incrementado en países occidentales debido a sus beneficios sobre la salud y por la toma de conciencia de la gente a consumir productos naturales como alternativa a los medicamentos. Sin embargo, no se conoce totalmente si el consumo de 25 g de proteína de soya como recomienda la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de Estados Unidos (FDA) tiene algún efecto sobre la absorción de glucosa y su respuesta sobre la secreción de insulina. Por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el índice glicémico (IG), índice insulinémico (InIn) y la carga glicémica (CG) de diferentes bebidas de soya con un bajo y alto contenido de hidratos de carbono y compararlos con otros alimentos como cacahuates, la leche entera, la fibra soluble y una comida para ver el efecto de los hidratos de carbono, la fibra y la grasa sobre los IG e InIn. Los resultados muestran que las bebidas de soya presentan un IG bajo a moderado dependiendo de la presencia de otros componentes como son los hidratos de carbono y la fibra. La secreción de insulina fue significativamente menor en las bebidas de soya con bajo contenido de hidratos de carbono, por lo que pueden ser recomendadas en pacientes obesos con resistencia a la insulina o en pacientes diabéticos. Se recomienda que estas bebidas tengan bajo contenido en maltodextrinas y de preferencia con la adición de fibra soluble.

Nuevos conocimientos del transporte de aminoácidos aniónicos y catiónicos / Advances in the study of anionic and cationic amino acid transport

En las células de mamíferos, los aminoácidos son captados por diferentes sistemas de transporte presentes en la membrana plasmática. Los sistemas de transporte originalmente se caracterizaron a través de estudios cinéticos y de competencias. Sin embargo, el asignamiento de algunos aminoácidos a un sistema de transporte específico había sido difícil. Con los avances en biología molecular ha sido posible identificar a las proteínas de los transportadores para aminoácidos específicos. En esta revisión se describen los sintomas de transporte para aminoácidos aniónicos y catiónicos que se han reportado a nivel molecular. Los aminoácidos aniónicos se movilizan principalmente a través de los sistemas XAG- y Xc-, los cuales son de particular relevancia en la inactivación de la transmisión nerviosa glutamatérgica en el cerebro y en la síntesis de glutation, respectivamente. Se han descrito cuatro isoformas cerebrales del sistema XAG- pertenecientes a la familia de transportadores de aminoácidos dependientes de Na+. Los sistemas de transporte para los aminoácidos catiónicos también reconocen sustratos zwitteriónicos, y los más estudiados son el y+, y+L, bº + y Bº + La regulación de la entrada de aminoácidos catiónicos tales como la arginina, lisina, y ornitina es importante en la biosíntesis de oxido nítrico, creatina, carnitina y poliaminas. La cisteinuría es un defecto hereditario asociado al sistema bº +