What comes next? A cross-sectional study on post-discharge referrals of adolescents treated in emergency services following a suicide attempt.

AIM: To assess the proportions and associated factors of different post-discharge referrals among adolescents treated in the emergency department after a suicide attempt. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional retrospective study. METHODS: We conducted a study using the medical records of 140 adolescents treated for a suicide attempt between January 2015 and May 2023 in a Brazilian emergency department, focusing on post-discharge referrals, defined as discharge without referral, unaddressed referral and referral addressed to the network. Associations between the outcomes and other variables were analysed using a Poisson regression model. RESULTS: Discharges without referrals prevailed, followed by addressed and unaddressed referrals. Regression models showed associations between post-discharge and age, prior continuous use of psychotropic medications, location of care, continued suicidal ideation at discharge and evaluation by a multi-professional team. CONCLUSION: A high number of adolescents were discharged from emergency departments without co-ordination with the mental health network, and the involvement of the multi-professional team was positively associated with addressed referrals. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: This study informs healthcare professionals by raising awareness of their practices in discharging adolescents after suicide attempts in emergency departments, with the possibility of improving care quality and reducing the likelihood of readmission. REPORTING METHOD: STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

[Functioning of Psychosocial Care centers in four cities in BrazilActuación de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial en cuatro centros urbanos en Brasil]. / Atuação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial em quatro centros urbanos no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the functioning of Psychosocial Care centers (CAPS) in four Brazilian cities. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study (AcesSUS), 917 CAPS users were interviewed in the cities of Campinas, São Paulo, Porto Alegre, and Fortaleza. Only CAPS focused on severe mental disorders in adults were included, that is, CAPS focusing on substance abuse and on children and adolescents were excluded. Users answered a multiple choice questionnaire about their path from primary health care services until reaching the CAPS and hospital care in relation to mental health problems. RESULTS: Care by a psychiatrist and use of medications were reported by 90.7% to 99.7% of CAPS users in association with multiprofessinal care and therapeutic groups. Access to medication was interrupted in the 6 months prior to the interview, especially in Fortaleza (70%) and Porto Alegre (50%). In all cities, less than 10% of users had a psychiatric hospital admission after treatment at the CAPS was started. CONCLUSIONS: The transition from a hospital-centered model to a community-based model is well under way in Brazil, with concrete achievements. However, there is heterogeneity among different care networks, which entails the need for contextualized analysis of each individual location, with identification of difficulties that prevent the adequate functioning of these care networks in the psychosocial paradigm.

OBJETIVO: Describir la actuación de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) en cuatro centros urbanos en Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal (AcesSUS) por medio de una entrevista a 917 usuarios en seguimiento en los CAPS de Campinas, São Paulo, Porto Alegre y Fortaleza. Se incluyeron solo los tipos de CAPS donde se tratan trastornos mentales graves en adultos, con exclusión de los centrados en el uso de sustancias y servicios para niños y adolescentes. Los usuarios respondieron a un cuestionario de opción múltiple sobre su recorrido entre los servicios de atención primaria, los CAPS y los hospitales en relación con los trastornos de salud mental. RESULTADOS: Se notificaron servicios de atención psiquiátrica y uso de medicamentos, junto con atención multiprofesional y participación en grupos terapéuticos, en una proporción de 90,7% a 99,7% de los usuarios en seguimiento en los CAPS. El acceso a medicamentos se interrumpió en los 6 meses anteriores a la entrevista, particularmente en Fortaleza (70%) y Porto Alegre (50%). En todos los municipios, menos de 10% de los usuarios estuvieron internados en instituciones psiquiátricas después de iniciar el tratamiento en los CAPS. CONCLUSIONES: La transición del modelo hospitalario al comunitario sigue en curso de implementación en Brasil, con adelantos comprobados. Sin embargo, la situación es diversa en las diferentes redes de atención, lo cual exige un análisis contextualizado de cada localidad y la determinación de las dificultades que impiden el funcionamiento adecuado de esas redes en el paradigma psicosocial.

Risk and protective factors for suicide: a populational case-control study, Brazil, 2019.

OBJETIVE: To estimate risk and protection factors associated with suicide in Campinas, Brazil, in 2019. METHODS: This is a populational case-control study analyzing 83 cases of suicide that occurred in 2019 in Campinas, a Brazilian city with about 1.2 million inhabitants. Controls were composed of 716 inhabitants. An adjusted multiple logistic regression was used. Cases and controls were the dichotomous response variables. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were the predictor variables. RESULTS: The categories which presented higher risk of suicide were: males [OR = 5.26 (p < 0.001)]; people aged 10-29 years [OR = 5.88 (p = 0.002)]; individuals without paid work [OR = 3.06 (p = 0.013)]; individuals presenting problematic use of alcohol [OR = 33.12 (p < 0.001)] and cocaine [14.59 (p < 0.007)]; and people with disabilities [OR = 3.72 (p < 0.001)]. Moreover, the perception of fear was associated with reduced suicide risk [OR = 0.19 (p = 0.015)]. Higher district HDI levels also showed a 4% decrease in risk for each 0.01 increase in district HDI levels [OR = 0.02 (p = 0.008)]. CONCLUSIONS: This study evidenced the association between sociodemographic and behavioral variables and suicide. It also emphasized the complexity in the dynamics between personal, social, and economic factors to this external cause of death.

Minor psychiatric disorders among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with the manifestation of Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD) among university students in southern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, conducted in August and September 2020, with 464 university students. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used with a cut-off point ≥ 7, and associated factors were identified through crude and adjusted analyses using logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of MPD was 76.5%. Factors positively associated with the outcome were female gender, job loss during the pandemic, use of psychoactive substances, and difficulties in following online classes. Being in social distancing for seven months or more was negatively associated with the outcome. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of MPD among the studied sample, as well as a relationship between this outcome and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Intention to leave Nursing during the COVID-19 pandemic. / Intenção em deixar a Enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the percentage of professionals with an intention to leave Nursing during the COVID-10 pandemic, as well as the factors associated with this outcome. METHOD: a cross-sectional study conducted by applying questionnaires to 890 Nursing professionals from the municipality of Pelotas (RS). The outcome was identified by means of self-reports obtained from the question itself. Relative Risks, as well as their Confidence Intervals (95%), were calculated for the independent variables by means of unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression. RESULTS: the percentage of professionals who stated their intention to leave Nursing was 24.6% (n=219). There was a positive association between the outcome and higher schooling levels, negative evaluation of institutional support, moderate or intense overload, and skin lesions. A negative association was also observed between the outcome and individuals aged 51 years old or more. CONCLUSION: except for skin lesions, aspects such as lack of support and overload, although they may have been intensified during the pandemic, do not represent a new fact in the health services. In this sense, the associations found in the study reflect the need for cross-sectional actions to promote retention of professionals.

Prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: a cross-sectional study, conducted in June and July 2020, with 890 nursing professionals. To screen the outcome, question 3 of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire was used, assessing poor sleep quality 30 days preceding the application of the questionnaire. Associations between variables of interest were tested using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 68%. Associated factors were moderate or heavy workload, poor assessment of working conditions, suspected infection with COVID-19, more than two thirds of the workload for pandemic and the use of psychotropic drugs. CONCLUSION: the study pointed out a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among nursing workers with an important relationship with working conditions.

Mental health of nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of and factors associated with: (1) major depressive episodes; (2) minor psychiatric disorders (MPDs); and (3) suicidal ideation among nursing professionals from a municipality in southern Brazil. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited 890 nursing professionals linked to 50 Primary Care units, 2 walk-in clinics, 2 hospital services, 1 emergency room service, 1 mobile emergency care service, and 1 teleconsultation service, in addition to the municipal epidemiological surveillance service and the vacancy regulation center between June and July 2020. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire to evaluate the studied outcomes. Associations between the outcomes and variables related to sociodemographic profile, work, health conditions, and daily life were explored using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimators. RESULTS: The observed prevalence of depression, MPDs, and suicidal ideation were 36.6%, 44%, and 7.4%, respectively. MPDs were associated with the assessment of support received by the service as 'regular' (PR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.19-1.85) or 'poor' (PR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.23-1.94), with a reported moderate (PR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.29-2.07), or heavy (PR: 2.54; 95% CI: 2.05-3.15) workload, and with suspected COVID-19 infection (PR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.25-1.66). Major depressive episodes were associated with a reported lack of personal protective equipment (PR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42), whereas suicidal ideation was inversely related to per capita income > 3 minimum monthly wages (PR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11-0.68), and positively related to the use of psychotropic drugs (PR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.87-5.26). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that nursing professionals' working conditions are associated with their mental health status. The need to improve working conditions through adequate dimensioning, support and proper biosafety measures is only heightened in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

[Mental healthcare in Brazil: a multifaceted study in four large cities]. / Assistência à saúde mental no Brasil: estudo multifacetado em quatro grandes cidades.

This study aimed to assess characteristics of healthcare networks in four large Brazilian cities (Campinas, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, and São Paulo), in the provision of mental healthcare. The following outcomes were used: (i) place of identification of the mental health problem; (ii) mental healthcare in primary care; (iii) pharmaceutical care in mental health; and (iv) social rehabilitation. This is a mixed-methods study with a concurrent and sequential approach, conducted with 10 administrators and 1,642 users of Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS, in Portuguese) in the four cities. The study showed the persistence of high-complexity services such as hospitals as the site for initial identification of mental health problems in Campinas (40% of users) and Fortaleza (37%); low proportion of mental health treatment in primary care (Fortaleza, 23%); differences between cities in psychotropic medication prescription in primary care (Porto Alegre, 68%; São Paulo, 64%; Campinas, 39%; Fortaleza, 31%) and in shortages of prescribed medication (higher in Fortaleza, 58%; lower in Campinas, 28%); and overall frailty in enabling return to work (lower in São Paulo, 17%; higher in Campinas, 39%), with better overall results regarding religion and leisure activities (higher in São Paulo, 53% and 56%, respectively). The study contributes to the discussion of the Brazilian scenario of mental healthcare, with evidence of persistent inequalities in the national context, pointing to gaps in some mental healthcare network configurations with the potential for better performance and longitudinal follow-up.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características das redes de saúde de quatro grandes municípios brasileiros (Campinas, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre e São Paulo) no que diz respeito à prestação de cuidados em saúde mental. Foram usados como desfechos: (i) local de identificação do problema de saúde mental; (ii) atendimento em saúde mental na atenção básica; (iii) assistência farmacêutica em saúde mental; e (iv) reinserção social. Trata-se de um estudo analítico de métodos mistos, de abordagem concomitante e sequencial, conduzido com 10 gestores e 1.642 usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) dos municípios citados. Observou-se a persistência de serviços de alta complexidade, tais como os hospitais, como locais de identificação inicial dos problemas de saúde mental em Campinas (40% dos usuários) e Fortaleza (37%); baixa proporção de tratamento de saúde mental na atenção básica (Fortaleza, 23%); diferenças entre os municípios no que diz respeito à prescrição de medicamentos psicotrópicos na atenção básica (Porto Alegre, 68%; São Paulo, 64%; Campinas, 39%; Fortaleza, 31%), bem como na falta dos medicamentos prescritos (maior em Fortaleza, 58%; menor em Campinas, 28%); e fragilidade em geral na retomada de atividades laborais (menor em São Paulo, 17%; maior em Campinas, 39%), havendo melhores resultados em geral em relação a atividades religiosas e de lazer (maiores em São Paulo, 53% e 56%, respectivamente). É um estudo que contribui para a discussão do panorama brasileiro da assistência à saúde mental, com evidências da persistência de desigualdades no contexto nacional, e aponta lacunas em algumas configurações das redes de saúde mental com potenciais para melhor desempenho e seguimento longitudinal.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar características de las redes de salud en cuatro grandes municipios brasileños (Campinas, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre y São Paulo), en lo que se refiere prestación de cuidados en salud mental. Se utilizaron como resultados: (i) lugar de identificación del problema de salud mental; (ii) atención en salud mental en la atención básica; (iii) asistencia farmacéutica en salud mental; y (iv) reinserción social. Se trata de un estudio analítico con métodos mixtos, de enfoque concomitante y secuencial, realizado con 10 gestores y 1.642 usuarios de Centros de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) de los municipios citados. Se observó la persistencia de servicios de alta complejidad, tales como hospitales, respecto al lugar de identificación inicial del problema de salud mental en Campinas (40% de los usuarios) y Fortaleza (37%); baja proporción de tratamiento de salud mental en la atención básica (Fortaleza, 23%); hubo diferencias entre los municipios en lo que se refiere a la prescripción de medicamentos psicotrópicos en la atención básica (Porto Alegre, 68%; São Paulo, 64%; Campinas, 39%; Fortaleza, 31%), así como en la falta de medicamentos prescritos (mayor en Fortaleza, 58%; menor en Campinas, 28%); y fragilidad en general en el retorno al trabajo (menor en São Paulo, 17%; mayor en Campinas, 39%), existiendo mejores resultados en general, en relación con la religión y ocio (mayores en São Paulo, 53% y 56%, respectivamente). Se trata de un estudio que contribuye a la discusión del panorama brasileño de la asistencia en salud mental, con evidencias de la persistencia de desigualdades en el contexto nacional, además apunta lagunas en algunas configuraciones de las redes de salud mental con potencial para un mejor desempeño y seguimiento longitudinal.

Prevalence of ideation and attempted suicide among users of a psychosocial care center.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims at identifying and characterizing the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide among users of a Psychosocial Care Center in the municipality of Pelotas (RS). METHOD: Transversal study, documentary based study in 389 active medical records. Data collection were carried out between September 2017 and May 2018. Data were digitated in the software Microsoft Excel and afterwards converted for the statistical Stata 11 Software. RESULTS: The prevalence of ideation and attempted suicide was 48,1% and 33,4%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in relation to hearing voices (p=<0,001) and history of violence (p=<0,001). Users who heard voices presented prevalence of suicidal ideation corresponding to 58,1%. Among those users who have reported suicidal ideation, the prevalence of attempt was 57,7%, while the users without report of ideation, the attempts were prevalent in 10,9% (p=<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The users presented a significant prevalence of ideation and attempted suicide.

Prevalence of psychotropic drug use and conformity of therapeutic dose among mental health users.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the prevalence of psychotropic drug use according to their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification among Psychosocial Care Center users and assess their prescription compliance based on the recommended therapeutic dose. METHODS: this is an analytical study, based on documents, from the study of 389 records between September 2017 and May 2018. Associations between the presence of underdose or overdose and participants' characteristics were assessed using the chi-square test, adopting a significant value of p <0.05. RESULTS: the most used drugs were antipsychotics (74.7%), 16.0% of users with at least one medication with a dose below the therapeutic level and another 3.6% above the recommended therapeutic dose. CONCLUSIONS: greater nonconformities in the prescribed dose were related to antihistamines, antipsychotics and antidepressants, with underdosage associated with females and overdose with the report of hearing voices.

[Use of psychotropic drugs and its association with overburden on family caregivers of psychosocial care center users]. / Uso de psicotrópicos e sua associação com sobrecarga em familiares cuidadores de usuários de centros de atenção psicossocial.

The scope of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychotropic drug use and its association with the overburden felt by family caregivers of Psychosocial Care Center users. This is a cross-sectional study performed with 537 family caregivers in the 21st Health Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and the heterogeneity tests were performed between the strata of each independent variable. The association between psychotropic drug use and overburden was tested using Poisson regression with the calculation of the adjusted prevalence ratios. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use was 30%, with higher consumption among women (40%), individuals aged 41 -50 years (42.06%), with 5 to 8 years of schooling (37.57%), with income between 0.5 and 1 minimum wage per capita (34.43%), individuals who did not share caregiving duties (35.53%) and those who cared for patients with a major degree of independence (36.67%). The overburden felt was in direct relationship with the outcome, namely the higher the level of overburden the greater the prevalence of psychotropic drug use, reaching 60.1% at the highest level and remaining strongly associated with the outcome even in the adjusted analysis.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalência de uso de psicotrópicos e sua associação com o sentimento de sobrecarga entre familiares cuidadores de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, conduzido com 537 familiares da 21ª Região de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A prevalência de uso de psicotrópicos foi calculada com estimativa do intervalo de confiança (IC95%) e foram conduzidos testes de heterogeneidade entre os estratos de cada variável independente. Associação entre o desfecho e o sentimento de sobrecarga foi testada por meio de regressão de Poisson com o cálculo das razões de prevalência ajustadas. A prevalência do uso de psicotrópicos foi de 30%, havendo maior consumo entre mulheres (40%), indivíduos entre 41 e 50 anos (42,06%), com escolaridade entre 5 a 8 anos de estudo (37,57%), renda entre 0,5 a 1 salário mínimo per capita (34,43%), indivíduos que não compartilhava as ações do cuidado (35,53%) e indivíduos que assistiam pacientes com maior grau de independência (36,67%). Sentimento de sobrecarga apresentou relação dose resposta com o desfecho no sentido de que quanto maior o grau de sobrecarga, maior a prevalência do uso de psicotrópicos, chegando a 60,1% no estrato mais elevado e permanecendo fortemente associada ao desfecho mesmo na análise ajustada.

Gender differences in the manifestation of burden among family caregivers of people with mental disorders.

This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 537 family caregivers of people with mental disorders. The objective was to quantify the degree of burden experienced by men and women, and identify the most affected dimensions of their lives and the factors associated with burden manifestation by gender. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale was used to assess burden. Mean burden was 22.8 points (SD = 6.3) for men and 27.8 points (SD = 17.8) for women. The most affected dimensions among the two groups were the same; however, among the 22 items on the scale, 11 presented significantly higher means among women. The factors associated with the manifestation of burden in both groups were as follows: low income; use of psychotropic drugs; greater degree of dependence of the service user; not receiving family support; and dissatisfaction with family relationships. For men, manifestation of burden was also associated with age. For women, there were further associations of the outcome with the presence of health problems, not having someone to share care with, and caring for the assisted person for >10 years. Our findings suggest that the degree of burden of family members caring for those with mental disorders is associated with gender, and this should be considered by services responsible for planning care shared by professionals and relatives. Guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE Statement) were adhered to in this study.

Minor psychiatric disorders among family caregivers of users of Psychosocial Care Centers: prevalence and associated factors. / Transtornos psiquiátricos menores em familiares cuidadores de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial: prevalência e fatores associados.

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of the manifestation of Minor Psychiatric Disorders and its associated factors among 537 family caregivers of people living with psychological distress attended at 16 Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) located in the 21st health region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering a hierarchical theoretical model, the analysis adopted a Poisson regression to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios. The prevalence of Minor Psychiatric Disorders found in the studied population was 42.1% (N = 226 CI: 38%-46,3%). Factors associated with these disorders were being female (PR: 1.54), having a close relationship with the user, especially fathers/mothers (PR: 2.00), low schooling, within a prevalence ratio of PR: 1.85 in the lowest stratum, presence of health problems (PR: 1.24); reporting neurological problems (PR: 3.02), low performance in the evaluation of the quality of life in the physical (PR: 1.84) and environmental (PR: 1.95) aspects, dissatisfaction with family relationships (PR: 1.56), lack of family support (PR: 1.25) and feeling of burden, with a prevalence ratio of PR: 2.61 among individuals with higher level of burden.

Este estudo buscou identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à manifestação de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores entre 537 cuidadores familiares de pessoas em sofrimento psíquico atendidas em 16 Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) localizados na 21ª região de saúde do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para análise, munindo-se de um modelo teórico hierarquizado, utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com o cálculo das razões de prevalência ajustadas. A prevalência de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores encontrada na população estudada foi de 42,1% (N = 226 IC: 38% ­ 46,3%). Os fatores associados a esses transtornos foram: sexo feminino (RP: 1,54); vínculo próximo com o usuário, em especial pais/mães (RP: 2,00); baixa escolaridade, apresentando uma razão de prevalência de RP: 1,85 no estrato mais baixo; possuir problemas de saúde (RP: 1,24); referir problemas de nervos (RP: 3,02); baixo desempenho de avaliação da qualidade de vida nos âmbitos físico (RP:1,84) e de meio ambiente (RP:1,95); insatisfação com as relações familiares (RP: 1,56); falta de apoio familiar (RP: 1,25) e sentimento de sobrecarga, para qual foi encontrado uma razão de prevalência de RP: 2,61 entre os indivíduos com maior nível de sobrecarga.

Validação transcultural da ImpRes-Tool-BR: uma ferramenta para desenvolvimento de projetos e pesquisas de implementação / Cross-cultural validation of ImpRes-Tool-BR: a tool for project development and implementation research

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da tradução, validação transcultural e avaliação preliminar de uma ferramenta, originalmente desenvolvida no Reino Unido, para orientar pesquisadores brasileiros na elaboração de projetos e pesquisas de implementação rigorosos e de alta qualidade: ImpRes-BR. Seguindo boas práticas atualmente estabelecidas para validação transcultural de instrumentos e escalas, a ferramenta, juntamente com seu guia de utilização, foi traduzida e retrotraduzida, submetida a um teste piloto com 20 profissionais de saúde e avaliada por um painel de 10 especialistas que atribuíram os valores utilizados para os cálculos do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ao nível do item (IVC-I) e escala (IVC-E). Nesse processo, além de índices de validade conceitual superiores à 90%, foi observado um IVC-I de pelo menos 0,90 em todos os domínios da ferramenta e seu guia e um IVC-E de 0,98. Estabelecida a validade da ferramenta e seu guia, a mesma foi aplicada em 14 projetos de pesquisa em fase de planejamento ou execução e foi reconhecida enquanto um instrumento potente para autoanálise das equipes na qualificação de seus projetos e fortalecimento destes em relação aos princípios da Ciência de Implementação.

ABSTRACT This study aims to present the results of the translation, cross-cultural validation and preliminary evaluation of a tool, originally developed in the United Kingdom, to guide Brazilian researchers in the elaboration of projects and rigorous and high-quality implementation research: ImpRes-BR. Following currently established good practices for cross-cultural validation of instruments and scales, the tool, together with its user guide, was translated and back-translated, subjected to a pilot test with 20 health professionals and evaluated by a panel of 10 specialists who assigned the values used for the calculations of the Content Validity Index at the item level (CVI-I) and scale (CVI-E). In this process, in addition to conceptual validity indices greater than 90%, an IVC-I of at least 0.90 was observed in all domains of the tool and its guide, and an IVC-E of 0.98. Having established the validity of the tool and its guide, it was applied in 14 research projects in the planning or execution phase and was recognized as a powerful instrument for self-analysis of the teams in the qualification of their projects and strengthening them in relation to the principles of the Implementation Science.

Satisfação e sobrecarga de trabalho em profissionais da saúde mental / Satisfaction and work overload in mental health professionals / Satisfacción y sobrecarga de trabajo entre los profesionales de la salud mental

RESUMO: Buscou-se neste estudo avaliar a satisfação e a sobrecarga de profissionais de saúde mental em um município de médio porte em São Paulo. Realizou-se um estudo quantiqualitativo, com a Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação de Profissionais em Serviços de Saúde Mental e a Escala de Avaliação da Sobrecarga de Profissionais em Serviços de Saúde Mental para dados quantitativos. Além disso, dados qualitativos foram obtidos por meio da análise de atas das reuniões do Comitê Gestor da Pesquisa com o suporte do software NVivo Release 1.3. Os resultados revelaram que os profissionais de saúde mental experimentaram menor sobrecarga nos serviços de sua área, porém mostraram-se insatisfeitos com o trabalho. Embora a satisfação tenha sido relativamente mais alta nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas e nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial II em comparação com o ambulatório, essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. Em suma, os achados indicam que maior insatisfação e menor sobrecarga não são eventos independentes e corroboram outros estudos. A triangulação de fontes de dados contribuiu para uma compreensão mais ampla do tema, destacando-se a importância de se considerarem a satisfação e a sobrecarga dos profissionais na melhoria do cuidado em saúde mental.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction and burden of mental health professionals in a medium-sized municipality in São Paulo, Brazil. A quantitative-qualitative study was conducted using the Mental Health Services Professional Satisfaction Rating Scale and the Mental Health Services Professional Burden Rating Scale for quantitative data. In addition, qualitative data were obtained through the analysis of minutes of the Research Steering Committee meetings with the support of the NVivo Release 1.3 software. The results revealed that mental health professionals experienced less overload in services in their area but were dissatisfied with their work. Although satisfaction was relatively higher in the Alcohol and Drugs Psychosocial Care Centers and Psychosocial Care Centers II compared to the outpatient clinic, these differences were not statistically significant. In short, the findings indicate that greater dissatisfaction and less overload are not independent events and corroborate other studies. The triangulation of data sources contributed to a broader understanding of the topic, highlighting the importance of considering the satisfaction and burden of professionals in improving mental health care.

RESUMEN: Este estudio buscó evaluar la satisfacción y la sobrecarga de los profesionales de la salud mental en un municipio de tamaño medio de São Paulo (Brasil). Fue realizado un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizando la Escala de Evaluación de la Satisfacción de los Profesionales de los Servicios de Salud Mental y la Escala de Evaluación de la Sobrecarga de los Profesionales de los Servicios de Salud Mental para los datos cuantitativos. Además, se obtuvieron datos cualitativos mediante el análisis de las minutas de las reuniones del Comité Directivo de Investigación con el apoyo del software NVivo Release 1.3. Los resultados obtenidos señalaron que los profesionales de la salud mental presentaban una menor sobrecarga en los servicios de su área, pero estaban insatisfechos con su trabajo. A pesar de que la satisfacción fue relativamente mayor en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas y en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial II en comparación con el ambulatorio, estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. En resumen, los resultados indican que una mayor insatisfacción y una menor sobrecarga no son hechos independientes y coinciden con otros estudios. La triangulación de las fuentes de datos ha contribuido a una comprensión mayor del tema, destacando la importancia de considerar la satisfacción y la sobrecarga de los profesionales en la mejora de la atención a la salud mental.

Risk and protective factors for suicide: a populational case-control study, Brazil, 2019

ABSTRACT OBJETIVE To estimate risk and protection factors associated with suicide in Campinas, Brazil, in 2019. METHODS This is a populational case-control study analyzing 83 cases of suicide that occurred in 2019 in Campinas, a Brazilian city with about 1.2 million inhabitants. Controls were composed of 716 inhabitants. An adjusted multiple logistic regression was used. Cases and controls were the dichotomous response variables. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were the predictor variables. RESULTS The categories which presented higher risk of suicide were: males [OR = 5.26 (p < 0.001)]; people aged 10-29 years [OR = 5.88 (p = 0.002)]; individuals without paid work [OR = 3.06 (p = 0.013)]; individuals presenting problematic use of alcohol [OR = 33.12 (p < 0.001)] and cocaine [14.59 (p < 0.007)]; and people with disabilities [OR = 3.72 (p < 0.001)]. Moreover, the perception of fear was associated with reduced suicide risk [OR = 0.19 (p = 0.015)]. Higher district HDI levels also showed a 4% decrease in risk for each 0.01 increase in district HDI levels [OR = 0.02 (p = 0.008)]. CONCLUSIONS This study evidenced the association between sociodemographic and behavioral variables and suicide. It also emphasized the complexity in the dynamics between personal, social, and economic factors to this external cause of death.

Minor psychiatric disorders among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic / Transtornos psiquiátricos menores en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia del COVID-19 / Transtornos psiquiátricos menores em estudantes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with the manifestation of Minor Psychiatric Disorders (MPD) among university students in southern Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Cross-sectional study, conducted in August and September 2020, with 464 university students. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used with a cut-off point ≥ 7, and associated factors were identified through crude and adjusted analyses using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of MPD was 76.5%. Factors positively associated with the outcome were female gender, job loss during the pandemic, use of psychoactive substances, and difficulties in following online classes. Being in social distancing for seven months or more was negatively associated with the outcome. Conclusion: High prevalence of MPD among the studied sample, as well as a relationship between this outcome and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la manifestación de trastornos psiquiátricos menores en estudiantes universitarios del sur de Brasil durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Método: Estudio realizado en 2020, con 464 alumnos vinculados a una disciplina optativa de Salud Mental. Para el resultado se utilizó el Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), con el punto de corte ≥ 7. La identificación de los factores asociados se realizó mediante regresión logística, precedida de selección de factores de confusión. Resultados: Prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos menores correspondiente al 76,5% entre los participantes. Factores asociados positivamente con este resultado: sexo femenino, la pérdida de empleo durante la pandemia, el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y las dificultades para seguir las clases en línea. Estar socialmente distante durante siete meses o más se asoció negativamente con el resultado. Conclusión: Alta prevalencia de malestar emocional entre la muestra, así como una relación entre este resultado y la pandemia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à manifestação de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores (TPM) em estudantes universitários do Sul do Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2020, com 464 estudantes universitários. Foi utilizado o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) com o ponto de corte ≥ 7, e identificados os fatores associados por meio de análises brutas e ajustadas com emprego de regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de TPM foi de 76,5%. Os fatores positivamente associados ao desfecho foram as pessoas do sexo feminino, perda de emprego durante a pandemia, uso de substâncias psicoativas e dificuldades para acompanhar as aulas on-line. Esteve negativamente associado ao desfecho, estar em distanciamento social por período igual ou superior a sete meses. Conclusão: O estudo sugere alta prevalência de TPM entre os universitários e a relação entre esse desfecho e os desdobramentos da pandemia da COVID-19.

Uso de Audit and Feedback: lições de uma pesquisa de implementação / Uso de Audit and Feedback: lecciones de una investigación de implementación / Use of the Audit and Feedback: lessons from an implementation study

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar, a partir do discurso de profissionais da Atenção Básica, como o uso da estratégia Audit and Feedback contribuiu para geração de tensão por mudança na implementação de apoio matricial em um município paulista de médio porte. Métodos Estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio da análise da transcrição de Grupos de Apreciação Partilhada que empregaram a estratégia Audit and Feedback junto a cinco equipes de Atenção Básica em um município paulista de médio porte entre dezembro de 2019 e março de 2020. Para análise dos dados foi empregada análise de conteúdo que utilizou como categorias previamente definidas os desfechos de implementação: aceitabilidade, adequação e adoção, entendidos como principais desfechos relacionados à tensão por mudanças. Resultados As falas dos profissionais que participaram dos grupos em que foi empregada a estratégia Audit and Feedback permitiram identificar a geração de tensão por mudança produzida a partir dos dados que lhe foram apresentados. Indicativos de aceitabilidade, adequação e adoção em relação ao apoio matricial foram evidenciados, sugerindo assim a contribuição da estratégia empregada para o sucesso da implementação. Conclusão A estratégia Audit and Feedback se mostrou efetiva na geração de tensão por mudança, favorecendo assim o reconhecimento da necessidade da intervenção e consequentemente facilitando a sua implementação.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar, a partir del discurso de profesionales de la Atención Básica, de qué forma el uso de la estrategia Audit and Feedback contribuyó para la generación de tensión por cambio en la implementación de apoyo matricial en un municipio del estado de São Paulo de tamaño mediano. Métodos Estudio cualitativo, realizado por medio del análisis de la transcripción de Grupos de Apreciación Compartida que utilizaron la estrategia Audit and Feedback con cinco equipos de Atención Básica en un municipio del estado de São Paulo de tamaño mediano entre diciembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó el análisis de contenido que utilizó como categorías previamente definidas los desenlaces de implementación: aceptabilidad, adecuación y adopción, entendidos como principales desenlaces relacionados con la tensión por cambios. Resultados Los relatos de los profesionales que participaron de los grupos en los que se empleó la estrategia Audit and Feedback permitieron identificar la generación de tensión por cambio producida a partir de los datos que les presentaron. Se evidenciaron indicativos de aceptabilidad, adecuación y de adopción en relación con el apoyo matricial, lo que sugiere la contribución de la estrategia empleada para el éxito de la implementación. Conclusión La estrategia Audit and Feedback demostró ser efectiva en la generación de tensión por cambio, lo que favorece el reconocimiento de la necesidad de la intervención y, como consecuencia, facilita su implementación.

Abstract Objective Based on the discourse of Primary Care professionals, to assess how the use of the Audit and Feedback strategy contributed to the generate tension for change in the implementation of matrix support in a medium-sized city in São Paulo. Methods Qualitative study conducted by analyzing the transcript of Shared Appreciation Groups that used the Audit and Feedback strategy with five Primary Care teams in a medium-sized city in São Paulo between December 2019 and March 2020. Content analysis was used in data analysis. The implementation outcomes: acceptability, adequacy and adoption, understood as the main outcomes related to the tension for change, were previously defined as categories. Results The speeches of professionals who participated in the groups in which the Audit and Feedback strategy was used made it possible to identify the generation of tension for change produced from data presented to them. Indications of acceptability, adequacy and adoption in relation to the matrix support were evidenced, thereby suggesting the contribution of the strategy employed to the success of the implementation. Conclusion The Audit and Feedback strategy proved to be effective in generating tension for change, thereby favoring the recognition of the need for intervention and consequently facilitating its implementation.

Teoria da mudança para implementação de apoio matricial em saúde mental / Theory of change para implementación del apoyo matricial en salud mental / Theory of change for implementing matrix support in mental health

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o processo de elaboração da theory of change para implementação do Apoio Matricial em um município paulista de médio porte e refletir sobre contribuições dessa abordagem para o planejamento e avaliação dessa intervenção considerando as potencialidades e desafios a partir de sua execução no formato remoto. Métodos Estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de oficinas participativas e construção de narrativas com trabalhadores e gestores da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial seguindo as recomendações de um guia para o desenvolvimento de theory of change em intervenções complexas. Resultados A implementação do Apoio Matricial configura um dos três resultados distais que culminam na possibilidade de estabelecer a lógica do cuidado compartilhado relacionando-se à ativação da rede intersetorial e a implementação de um Comitê de Educação Permanente. Ainda foram reconhecidos componentes externos que deveriam ser garantidos pelo contexto organizacional para o efetivo alcance de alguns resultados intermediários e de longo prazo. Conclusão A elaboração da theory of change foi efetiva em delimitar objetivos e componentes da implementação a partir da perspectiva dos atores envolvidos, estabelecendo indicadores para seu monitoramento e avaliação a partir das condições do contexto e possibilitando o direcionamento de esforços dos trabalhadores para sua consolidação.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el proceso de elaboración de la theory of change para implementar el apoyo matricial en un municipio paulista de medio porte y reflexionar sobre las contribuciones de este enfoque para la planificación y evaluación de esta intervención, considerando las posibilidades y desafíos a partir de su ejecución en formato remoto. Métodos Estudio cualitativo realizado por medio de talleres participativos y construcción de narrativas con trabajadores y gerentes de la Red de Atención Psicosocial, siguiendo las recomendaciones de una guía para la elaboración de la theory of change en intervenciones complejas. Resultados La implementación del apoyo matricial configura uno de los tres resultados distales que culminan en la posibilidad de establecer la lógica del cuidado compartido y se relaciona con la activación de la red intersectorial y la implementación de un Comité de Educación Permanente. Además, se reconocieron componentes externos que deberían estar garantizados por el contexto organizacional para llegar a algunos resultados intermedios y de largo plazo. Conclusión La elaboración de la theory of change fue efectiva para definir objetivos y componentes de la implementación a partir de la perspectiva de los actores involucrados, lo que permitió establecer indicadores para su monitoreo y evaluación a partir de las condiciones del contexto y orientar los esfuerzos de los trabajadores para su consolidación.

Abstract Objective To describe the process of development of the theory of change for the implementation of Matrix Support in a medium-sized municipality in São Paulo and to reflect on the contributions of this approach to the planning and evaluation of this intervention, considering the potentialities and challenges from its execution remotely. Methods Qualitative study performed through participatory workshops and construction of narratives with workers and managers of the Psychosocial Care Network following the recommendations of a guide for the development of the theory of change in complex interventions. Results The implementation of Matrix Support configures one of the three distal results that culminate in the possibility of establishing the logic of shared care related to the activation of intersectoral network and the implementation of a Continuing Education Committee. External components that should be guaranteed by the organizational context for the effective achievement of some intermediate and long-term results were also recognized. Conclusion The development of the theory of change was effective in delimiting objectives and implementation components from the perspective of the actors involved, establishing indicators for its monitoring and evaluation based on context conditions, and enabling the direction of workers' efforts towards its consolidation.

Avaliação da atuação da rede comunitária de saúde mental em um município paulista de médio porte / Evaluation of the performance of the community mental health network in a medium-sized municipality from the state of São Paulo

RESUMO Tendo como norteadores as recentes mudanças na condução das políticas de saúde mental no País e as disparidades em saúde vivenciadas por pessoas que convivem com transtornos mentais, este estudo buscou avaliar a atuação de uma rede de saúde mental comunitária a partir de três componentes principais: 1) a caracterização do perfil dos usuários; 2) a identificação das ofertas terapêuticas; e 3) a identificação dos cuidados clínicos recebidos pelos usuários em cada um dos serviços estudados, a saber: Centro de Atenção Psicossocial-II; Centro de Atenção Psicossocial-AD; ambulatório; e 13 serviços de Atenção Básica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal baseado em documentos, realizado através da análise de 4582 prontuários. Foram evidenciadas diferenças importantes entre os serviços quanto ao seu funcionamento e diálogo com outros pontos da rede de atenção. As ofertas terapêuticas foram caracterizadas, principalmente, pela oferta de consultas médicas e consultas individuais com profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar. Houve baixa utilização dos recursos comunitários e das oficinas terapêuticas. Foi observada, ainda, baixa oferta de cuidados clínicos aos usuários dos serviços especializados, em contraponto com a Atenção Básica, que, por sua vez, mostrou-se como um serviço potente e necessário para o cuidado das pessoas com transtornos mentais.

ABSTRACT Having as guiding elements the recent changes in the conduction of mental health policies in the Country and the health disparities experienced by people living with mental disorders, this study sought to evaluate the performance of a community mental health network based on three main components: 1) the characterization of the users' profile; 2) identification of therapeutic offers; and 3) identification of the clinical care received by users in each of the services studied, namely: Psychosocial Care Center-II; Psychosocial Care Center-AD; outpatient clinic; and 13 Primary Care services. This is a cross-sectional study based on documents, carried out through the analysis of 4582 medical records. Important differences were evidenced between the services regarding their functioning and dialogue with other points of the care network. The therapeutic offers were mainly characterized by the offer of medical consultations and individual consultations with professionals from the multidisciplinary team. There was low use of community resources and therapeutic workshops. It was observed, as well, a low offer of clinical care to users of specialized services, in contrast to Primary Care, which, in turn, proved to be a powerful and necessary service for the care of people with mental disorders.