RESUMO
Both epidemiological and experimental evidence emphasize the connection between radiation exposure and cancer. Little effort has been directed toward finding an association between radiation and cardiovascular diseases. Lately, studies on the A-bomb survivors and Chernobyl accident victims have indicated that radiation doses as low as 0.05-1.0 Gy could be responsible for an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Exposures to high doses of radiation (approximately 10-40 Gy) have also been reported to induce atherosclerotic lesions in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Earlier studies in experimental animals have shown that radiation, mostly at high doses (>5 Gy), could accelerate the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. This article provides an up-to-date review of the literature connecting cardiovascular diseases to radiation exposures, particularly at low doses, and the potential implications of this connection in radiation risk assessment.