[Morphological features of the thymus in heliotrin hepatitis upon administration of immunostimulators]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti timusa pri geliotrinnom gepatite v usloviiakh vvedeniia immunostimuliatorov.

Structural changes of thymus in heliotrin hepatitis were characterized by distinct dynamics which on the whole suggested the progressing hypoplasia of its cortex. Immunostimulants parandin and thymalin suppressed the extent of thymocyte destruction and stimulated their mitotic activity. Although these parameters did not reach the control levels, the significant deceleration of hypoplastic processes in thymus, particularly in its cortex, were detected. Effect of immunostimulants was independent on the time of their administration in respect to heliotrin injection.

[Thymus changes in chronic heliotrine-induced hepatitis]. / Izmeneniia timusa pri khronicheskom geliotrinovom gepatite.

The structural and morphometrical characteristics of thymus were studied in the dynamics of experimental heliotrine hepatitis. The decrease of areas and cell hypoplasia of cortical zone of the thymus were noted. The destructive processes of the thymocytes were intensified and, in response to it, thymic macrophages activity was enhanced. The facts obtained indicated that the use of the thymic peptides is necessary for correction of immune disorders in chronic hepatitis.

[Quantitative and ultrastructural characteristics of immunocompetent cells in the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation]. / Kolichestvennye i ul'trastrukturnye kharakteristiki immunokompetentnykh kletok molochnoi zhelezy v dinamike beremennosti i laktatsii.

The quantity and ultrastructure of immunocompetent cells (ICC) were evaluated in the of rat mammary gland in dynamics of pregnancy and lactation. ICC found between the alveolar epithelial cells were represented by monocytes, small and medium lymphocytes, including some granule-containing lymphocytes. The quantity of ICC was found to increase in dynamics of pregnancy and to reach a its maximum on day 3 of lactation. This was accompanied by the appearance of macrophages and plasma cells. Similar changes were found in stromal ICC. It is suggested that quantitative and structural dynamics of mammary ICC is associated with provision of immune reactivity of the newborn and its adaptive immunity.

[Structural and functional interrelations of immunocompetent cells in the mammary gland of lactating rats and in the small intestine of newborn rats during suckling period]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye vzaimootnosheniia immunokompetentnykh kletok molochnoi zhelezy laktiruiushchikh krys i tonkoi kishki krysiat v period vskarmlivaniia.

The interrelation of quantitative changes of immunocompetent cells (ICC) in the mammary gland of lactating rats and in the small intestine of neonatal rats in their suckling period was studied. The dynamics of the ratio of ICC in the mammary gland of females and in the small intestine of the offspring in the early postnatal period was examined. Maximal numbers of ICC in the mammary gland was detected on day 3 of lactation, the subsequent reduction of their number was accompanied by an increase of the number if intestinal ICC in the offspring, which further progressed with a transition of pups to mixed nutrition. The detected dynamics of ICC content in the mammary gland of female and in the small intestine of the offspring is indicative of a significance of a mammary gland in the maintenance of immune homeostasis of the small intestine of the offspring in the early postnatal development. This role of the mammary gland is reduced with the development of the immune apparatus of the small intestine.

[The effect of immunomudulin on the structural-functional status of the organs of the immune and hematopoietic systems in chronic toxic hepatitis]. / Vliianie immunomodulina na strukturno-funktsional'noe sostoianie organov immunnoi i krovetvornoi sistem v usloviiakh khronicheskogo toksicheskogo gepatita.

Long-term entry of the hepatotropic poison heliotropin induces the development of chronic active hepatitis attended with disturbance of the immune balance and hematologic disorders in it. Immunomodulin alleviates the destructive changes in the organs of the immune system, stimulates proliferation and differentiation of their cells, and promotes restoration of red blood parameters. It is suggested that immunoglobulin may be a promising measure in complex treatment of chronic liver diseases.

[Morphological characteristics of spermatogenesis in experimental juvenile hypothyroidism in rats]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti spermatogeneza pri éksperimental'nom iuvenil'nom gipoterioze u krys.

Partisular features have been studied of spermatozoa and cells of spermatogenesis in rats in experimental hypothyroidism in the prepubertal period. Common features to be seen in the wake of hypothyroidism include a decline in the locomotor activity of spermatozoa and abnormalities in maturation of cells of spermatogenesis, which facts necessitate restoration of the thyroid function to prevent disorders of spermatogenesis in the fully-developed organism.

[Effect of maternal toxic hepatitis on the functional characteristics of the lactation process]. / Vliianie toksicheskogo gepatita u materi na funktsional'nye osobennosti protsessa laktatsii.

The authors have studied the influence of chronic heliotrine intoxication on female rats subjected to it before their pregnancy and on the quantity of proteins, carbohydrates, activity of enzymes and immunocompetent cells (ICC) of rats milk during the period of breast feeding. Decrease in an amount of proteins and carbohydrates since the third day of lactation, lowering in dipeptidhydrolase, r-amilase and maltase activity were observed in the study. It has been also seen the decrease in an amount of ICC (monocytes, macrophages, small lymphocytes) just after parturitions. This deacrease was mostly expressed on the 14th day of lactation. IC cells were not determined in milk on the 21st day of breast feeding.

[Some aspects of the formation of the immune system organs in newborn rats born to females with chronic hepatitis]. / Osobennosti stanovleniia organov immunnoi sistemy u krysiat, rozhdennykh ot samok s khronicheskim toksicheskim gepatitom.

The immune system organs formation and development was studied in 61 rat younglings born to pregnant animals with chronic toxic hepatitis. A comparative investigation permitted ascertaining that chronic heliotrine hepatitis in female rats results in an increased death rate in the progeny, the highest mortality being recordable at day 1 to 3 after birth. The surviving live younglings reveal against the background of thymus hypoplasia a significant inhibition of processes of formation of the peripheral immune organs lymphoid tissue.

[Succinate dehydrogenase activity in hepatocyte mitochondria in experimental cholestasis]. / Aktivnost' suktsinatdegidrogenazy v mitokhondriiakh gepatotsitov pri éksperimental'nom kholestaze.

The method of electron microscopy was used to study the activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) in hepatocyte mitochondria during cholestasis and after restoration of the flow of bile. The activity of the enzyme was detected on the membrane of cysts and the inner membrane of the hepatocyte mitochondria. Cholestasis was accompanied by gradual inhibition of SDH activity in the mitochondria to total inhibition by the 30th day of the experiment. SDH activity and the degree of mitochondrial destructive changes were found to be closely related. Restoration of the enzyme activity in the mitochondria after cholestasis correction occurred in a different manner depending on the duration of jaundice. SDH activity was restored rapidly in 10-day cholestasis and slowly in cholestasis of a long duration (20 days), which is attributed to deeper destructive changes of the mitochondria.

"Wedge in -- absorption" phenomenon between erythroblast cells of the bone marrow at dyserythropoiesis.

Bone marrow of healthy persons and patients with dyserythropoiesis caused by chronic diseases and pernicious processes in the stomach were studied under electron microscope. "Septate-like junctions" containing linearly arranged ferritin granules between erythroblasts were found in some patients with gastric cancer. It was shown that the "wedging in" protrusions deepened into the adjacent cell cytoplasm, were detached and absorbed by the erythroblasts. The "wedge in-absorbtion" phenomenon is suggested to be the peculiar mechanism by which ferritin granules are transported into erythroblasts at some dyserythropoietic conditions.

[Ultrastructural changes in cells of the white pulp of the spleen during experimental salmonella infection]. / Ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia kletok beloi pul'py selezenki pri éksperimental'noi sal'monelleznoi infektsii.

The electron microscopic investigation of the immuno-competent cells in various zones of the spleen has revealed certain subcellular bases of the organ's reaction to the experimental salmonellosis. Alterations at early stage of the experiment (3-24 h after infection with Salmonella) are predominantly of destructive character: pyknosis of nuclei, dilated cisterns of the karyotheca, lysis of crests in mitochondria of some cells. On the 3d-14th day hyperplasia and hypertrophy of organelles in the immune-competent cells are revealed; it is connected with increasing processes of immunogenesis. At late stages of the investigation, normalization of the spleen cells ultrastructure and increased functional fibroblastic activity are noted.

[The nature of thyroid hormone receptors. Translocation of thyroid hormones through plasma membranes]. / O prirode retseptorov tireoidnykh gormonov. Translokatsiia tireoidnykh gormonov cherez plazmaticheskuiu membranu.

The in vivo translocation of thyroxine-binding blood serum prealbumin (TBPA) was studied. It was found that the TBPA-hormone complex penetrates-through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm of target cells. Electron microscopic autoradiography revealed that blood serum TBPA is localized in ribosomes of target cells as well as in mitochondria, lipid droplets and Golgi complex. Negligible amounts of the translocated TBPA is localized in lysosomes of the cells insensitive to thyroid hormones (spleen macrophages). Study of T4- and T3-binding proteins from rat liver cytoplasm demonstrated that one of them has the antigenic determinants common with those of TBPA. It was shown autoimmunoradiographically that the structure of TBPA is not altered during its translocation.

[The nature of thyroid hormone receptors. Thyroxine- and triiodothyronine-binding proteins of mitochondria]. / O prirode retseptorov tireoidnykh gormonov. Tiroksin- i triiodtironinsviazyvaiushchie belki mitokhondrii.

T4- and T3-binding proteins of rat liver were studied. It was found that the external mitochondrial membranes and matrix contain a protein whose electrophoretic mobility is similar to that of thyroxine-binding blood serum prealbumin (TBPA) and which binds either T4 or T3. This protein is precipitated by monospecific antibodies against TBPA. The internal mitochondrial membrane has two proteins able to bind thyroid hormones, one of which is localized in the cathode part of the gel and binds only T3, while the second one capable of binding T4 rather than T3 and possessing the electrophoretic mobility similar to that of TBPA. Radioimmunoprecipitation with monospecific antibodies against TBPA revealed that this protein also the antigenic determinants common with those of TBPA. The in vivo translocation of 125I-TBPA into submitochondrial fractions was studied. The analysis of densitograms of submitochondrial protein fraction showed that both TBPA and hormones are localized in the same protein fractions. Electron microscopic autoradiography demonstrated that 125I-TBPA enters the cytoplasm through the external membrane and is localized on the internal mitochondrial membrane and matrix.

[The nature of thyroid hormone receptors. Intracellular transport and compartmentalization of chromatin receptors and thyroid hormones]. / O prirode retseptorov tireoidnykh gormonov. Vnutrikletochnyi transport i kompartmentalizatsiia khromatinovogo retseptora tireoidnykh gormonov.

It is well established that in vivo administered labelled TBPA penetrates into liver, brain and lung cells, is translocated from cytosol into the nucleus and is accepted by chromatin without being affected by modifications touching upon the antigenic determinants of this protein. Electron microscopic autoradiography demonstrated that 125I-TBPA translocated from cytosol into the nucleus is localized on the border between hetero- and euchromatin. The data obtained may serve as an additional proof of the universal structure of intracellular thyroid hormone receptors and suggest that TBPA participate in manifestation of genetic effects of thyroid hormones.