Evaluation of functional warm ischemia time during controlled donation after circulatory determination of death using normothermic regional perfusion (ECMO-TT): A prospective multicenter cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Controlled donation after circulatory determination of death (cDCD) seems an effective way to mitigate the critical shortage of available organs for transplant worldwide. As a recently developed procedure for organ retrieval, some questions remain unsolved such as the uncertainty regarding the effect of functional warm ischemia time (FWIT) on organs´ viability. METHODS: We developed a multicenter prospective cohort study collecting all data from evaluated organs during cDCD from 2017 to 2020. All the procedures related to cDCD were performed with normothermic regional perfusion. The analysis included organ retrieval as endpoint and FWIT as exposure of interest. The effect of FWIT on the likelihood for organ retrieval was evaluated with Relative distribution analysis. RESULTS: A total amount of 507 organs´ related information was analyzed from 95 organ donors. Median donor age was 62 years, and 63% of donors were male. Stroke was the most common diagnosis before withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (61%), followed by anoxic encephalopathy (21%). This analysis showed that length of FWIT was inversely associated with organ retrieval rates for liver, kidneys, and pancreas. No statistically significant association was found for lungs. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed an inverse association between functional warm ischemia time (FWIT) and retrieval rate. We also have postulated optimal FWIT's thresholds for organ retrieval. FWIT for liver retrieval remained between 6 and less than 11 min and in case of kidneys and pancreas, the optimal FWIT for retrieval was 6 to 12 min. These results could be valuable to improve organ utilization and for future analysis.

Emotional intelligence, resilience and personality traits neuroticism and extraversion: predictive capacity in perceived academic efficacy.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown the importance of promoting emotional intelligence and resilience, as well as knowing the personality (extraversion versus emotional instability or neuroticism) in both nursing students and nursing professionals, for better academic adherence, due to stressful situations derived from high academic and attendance requirements for healthcare practices in clinical settings. However, there is little research that analyzes the importance of the perceived academic effectiveness of university students and its relationship with the psychological variables of resilience, emotional intelligence and personality. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the relationships between perceived academic efficacy, emotional intelligence (EI), resilience and the personality factors of emotional instability and extraversion, as well as to observe the variables that predict perceived academic efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study on a sample of 434 nursing students in Valencia (Spain) aged 17-54 (M = 21; SD = 0.320). They filled in standard tests on perceived academic efficacy, EI, resilience, emotional instability and extraversion. RESULTS: Perceived academic efficacy is closely and positively related to EI and resilience; and to a lesser extent to emotional instability, but negatively. The academic efficacy predictor variables were EI (global trait, well-being and sociability), resilience (social support and emotional regulation) and emotional instability (R2 of 0.201). CONCLUSIONS: Perceived academic efficacy is fundamentally related to EI and resilience positively, and to a lesser extent to emotional instability negatively, fundamentally via these factors: global trait, social support, well-being, problem-solving capacity. Nursing students' perception of academic efficacy is relevant for building professional skills and carrying out the nurse's role in organisations. So, it is necessary to promote training programs to increase the emotional intelligence and resilience of nursing students, aimed at promoting competence in professional practice.

Are women more empathetic than men? A longitudinal study in adolescence.

Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in analysing sex differences in psychological variables. Empirical studies and meta-analyses have contributed evidence on the differences between male and female individuals. More recently, the gender similarities hypothesis has supported the similarity of men and women in most psychological variables. This study contributes information on women's greater empathic disposition in comparison with men by means of a longitudinal design in an adolescent population. 505 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years were evaluated at two different moments (grade 2 and grade 3, lower secondary education). They completed the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents by Bryant and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index by Davis. The results confirm a greater empathic response in females than in males of the same age, differences growing with age. The sizes of the effect estimated in the second evaluation (average age 14 years) are large for emotional empathy and medium for cognitive empathy.

Psychological processes and family variables as prosocial behavior predictors in a sample of Spanish adolescents.

A review of personal and family variables that regulate prosocial behavior is based on a sample of 1,433 Spanish adolescents (ages 9 to 13; 743 boys and 690 girls) who were assessed on the Prosocial Reasoning Objective Measure, the Physical and Verbal Aggression Scale, the Emotional Instability Scale, the State-Trait Anger Inventory, the Child's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory, the Prosocial Behavior Scale, and the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents. Discriminant analyses showed that empathy, self-control in anger-provoking situations, and affection in family relationships are the best predictors of prosocial behavior.

[Adaptation of Child's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory for a Spanish population]. / Adaptación del Child's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory a población española.

This study presented an adaptation in Spanish of the Child's Reports of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) . The CRPBI is an instrument that allows us to assess family discipline perceived by children in the relation with their mothers and with their fathers. It's considered a good instrument to assess the perceptions that children have of parent behavior. The Spanish adaptation has been carried out with a sample of 1,274 Spanish adolescents (males and females) from different educational centers of the Valencian Community (13-18 years). The results show that affect, support and control are the main dimensions in the perceived child rearing styles of parents in our population.

Estilos de crianza en la adolescencia y su relación con el comportamiento prosocial / Rearing styles in adolescence: their realtion with prosocial behavior

The work shows two studies carried out with Spanish adolescents. The objective was to evaluate the relation between rearing styles, prosocial behaviour and empathy, aggressiveness, emotional instability and anger, from a double perspective. In one of these studies (N = 531), the rearing styles were evaluated by the mother and in the other one (N = 782) by the adolescents. The results indicate that prosocial behaviour is not well predicted by the mother's analysis of rearing style. A positive evaluation by the son or daughter, an interest and emotional support and coherence in the application of norms, constitutes the rearing style most related with empathy and with prosocial behaviour.

El trabajo muestra dos estudios realizados con adolescentes españoles cuyo objetivo es estudiar la relación entre los estilos de crianza, el comportamiento prosocial y la empatía, la agresividad, la inestabilidad emocional y la iradesde un doble planteamiento:en uno de los estudios (N = 531) la evaluación de los estilos de crianza la realiza la madre y en el otro (N = 782), los adolescentes. Los resultados indican que cuando es la madre quien evalúa los estilos de crianza, éstos alcanzan menor poder predictor en el comportamiento prosocial. La evaluación positiva del hijo/a, el apoyo emocional junto con la coherencia en la aplicación de las normas es el estilo de crianza más relacionado positivamente con la empatía y con el comportamiento prosocial.

Are Women More Empathetic than Men? A Longitudinal Study in Adolescence

Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in analysing sex differences in psychological variables. Empirical studies and meta- analyses have contributed evidence on the differences between male and female individuals. More recently, the gender similarities hypothesis has supported the similarity of men and women in most psychological variables. This study contributes information on women’s greater empathic disposition in comparison with men by means of a longitudinal design in an adolescent population. 505 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years were evaluated at two different moments (grade 2 and grade 3, lower secondary education). They completed the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents by Bryant and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index by Davis. The results confirm a greater empathic response in females than in males of the same age, differences growing with age. The sizes of the effect estimated in the second evaluation (average age 14 years) are large for emotional empathy and medium for cognitive empathy (AU)

Desde la década de los 70 se incrementa el interés por analizar las diferencias de género en las variables psicológicas y se publican estudios empíricos y trabajos de meta-análisis que aportan evidencia de las diferencias entre varones y mujeres. Más recientemente se ha planteado la hipótesis de la similitud de género que defiende la semejanza entre varones y mujeres en la mayoría de los constructos psicológicos. Este estudio aporta datos sobre la mayor disposición empática en la mujer respecto al varón a través de un diseño longitudinal en población adolescente. 505 adolescentes varones y mujeres, con un rango de edad entre 13 y 16 años fueron evaluados en dos momentos temporales (2º y 3º curso de ESO). Cumplimentaron el Índice de Empatía de Bryant y el Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal de Davis. Los resultados confirman mayor respuesta empática en las adolescentes respecto a los varones de su misma edad y constatan que dichas diferencias aumentan con la edad. Los tamaños del efecto estimados en el segundo momento (edad media 14 años) son grandes en la empatía emocional y medios en la cognitiva (AU)

Agresividad y afrontamiento en la adolescencia. Una perspectiva intercultural / Aggressiveness and coping in adolescence. An intercultural perspective

La conducta agresiva es objeto de estudio con la finalidad de comprender los mecanismos básicos que causan y regulan esta conducta. La interculturalidad es una realidad que caracteriza a nuestra escuela y nuestra sociedad y el incremento acentuado en los últimos años de población inmigrante y el aumento de adopciones internacionales han generado en algunos centros un alto porcentaje de alumnos procedentes de otras culturas, lo que ha motivado en algunos centros un incremento de conductas agresivas y antisociales. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la conducta agresiva, los procesos implicados y los mecanismos de afrontamiento en una muestra de 1557 adolescentes entre 12 y 15 años, de Primer Ciclo de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria de centros públicos y concertados de la Comunidad Valenciana, que completaron los instrumentos el Índice de Empatía para Niños y Adolescentes, la Escala de Conducta Prosocial, la Escala de Inestabilidad Emocional, la Escala de Agresividad Física y Verbal, y la Escala de Afrontamiento para Adolescentes. Los resultados confirman diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los comportamientos agresivos y en los recursos de afrontamiento evaluados en función del sexo, el país de nacimiento y el tipo de centro según alberguen mayor número de alumnos procedentes de otros países (AU)

The infantile and juvenile aggressiveness is considered to be a complex phenomenon, with multiple factors that contribute to different aggressive manifestations. This phenomenon has been an object of many investigations, which have the aim to understand the basic mechanisms that cause and regulate this behaviour and it is important to consider that the interculturality is a reality that characterizes our school and our society. The increase of the immigrant population in Spain during the last years and the increase of international adoptions has generated in some schools a high percentage of pupils proceeding from other cultures. This study tries to analyze the presence of aggressive behaviour and the mechanisms of coping in a sample of 1557 adolescents 12 to 15 years old. Instruments used were theInventory of Empathy for Children and Adolescents, the Prosocial Behaviour Scale, the Emotional Instability Scale, the Physical and Verbal Aggression Scale, and the Adolescents Coping Scale. The results show significant differences in physical and verbal aggressives behaviours and in the coping strategies evaluated depending on sex, the country of birth and the presence of students from other countries (AU)

Adaptación del Child´s Report Parent Behavior Inventory a población española / Adaptation of Child’s Report of Parent Behavior Inventory in spanish population

En este trabajo se presenta una adaptación en población española del Child’s Reports of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI). El CRPBI es un instrumento que permite evaluar la disciplina familiar que perciben los hijos, tanto en su relación con el padre, como en su relación con la madre. Se considera un buen método para investigar las percepciones que los hijos tienen de la conducta paterna. La adaptación española se ha realizado en una muestra de 1.274 adolescentes (varones y mujeres) que pertenecían a diferentes centros educativos de la Comunidad Valenciana (rango de edad entre 13 y 18 años). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las dimensiones de afecto/apoyo y control en los estilos de crianza que se perciben por parte del padre y de la madre son las dimensiones claras, potentes y fiables en nuestra población

This study presented an adaptation in spanish sample of the Child’s Reports of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI). The CRPBI is an instrument that allows to assess family discipline percibed by children in the relation with their mothers and with their fathers. It’s consider a good instrument to assess the perceptions that children have of parent behavior. The Spanish adaptation has been carried out with a sample of 1.274 spanish adolescents (males and females) from different educational centers of the Valencian Community (13-18 years). The results show that affect, support and control are the main dimensions in the percibed child rearing styles from parents in our population

Factores moduladores de la conducta agresiva y prosocial. El efecto de los hábitos de crianza en la conducta del adolescente / Moderating factors in aggressive and prosocial behaviour. The effects of breeding habits in adolescent behaviours

La investigación que se presenta se realiza sobre una muestra aleatoria de 531 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años, que representan a la población general. Ésta persigue un doble objetivo, el primero trata de analizar la relación que mantienen la conducta prosocial o la conducta agresiva con la estabilidad emocional. El segundo objetivo se centra en estudiar el peso que ejercen los factores estructurales de la personalidad, así como los relacionados con la crianza en la disposición prosocial del sujeto. Los resultados muestran que la estabilidad emocional constituye un factor fundamental para establecer relaciones empáticas y positivas con el entorno; a su vez aparece como un factor de riesgo relacionado con las manifestaciones de agresividad física y verbal del sujeto. Asimismo, los factores estructurales de la personalidad de Amistad y Conciencia son los que tienen mayor peso en las conductas altruistas y prosociales. En este sentido, la capacidad del sujeto de empatizar y de cooperar ante las necesidades de los otros, así como la aptitud de autorregulación y de autoorganización de la conducta se relacionan con la prosocialidad (AU)