Association between Siesta (Daytime Sleep), Dietary Patterns and the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly Living in Mediterranean Area (Medis Study): The Moderating Effect of Gender.

OBJECTIVES: Several lifestyle parameters including diet, physical activity and sleep were associated in isolation with the presence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in adults, to date there is a paucity of studies which evaluated their combined role aging populations and especially with respect to gender. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide a global consideration of the lifestyle factors associated with MetS among elderly individuals. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: 21 Mediterranean islands and the rural Mani region (Peloponnesus) of Greece. PARTICIPANTS: during 2005-2015, 2749 older (aged 65-100 years) from were voluntarily enrolled in the study. MEASUREMENTS: Dietary habits, energy intake, physical activity status, socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle parameters (sleeping and smoking habits) and clinical profile aspects were derived through standard procedures. The presence of MetS was defined using the definition provided by NCEP ATP III (revised) and cluster analysis was used to identify overall dietary habit patterns. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MetS in the study sample was 36.2%, but occurred more frequently in females (40.0% vs. 31.8%, respectively, p=0.03). Individuals with MetS were more likely to sleep during the day (89.4% vs. 76.8% respectively, p=0.039) and frequent 'siesta' was positively linked to the odds of MetS presence in females (Odds Ratio (OR) =3.43, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 1.08-10.9), but not for men (p=0.999). The lower carbohydrate (i.e., 45.2% of total daily energy, 120±16gr/day) dietary cluster was inversely associated with the odds for MetS presence, but only for men (OR=0.094, 95%CI: 0.010-0.883). CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle parameters including sleep and diet quality are strongly associated with the presence of MetS in elderly cohort, but different their level of influence appears to be different, depending on gender. Further research is needed to better consider the role of lifestyle characteristics in the management of MetS in clinical practice.

Health-related quality of life in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en individuos con síndrome metabólico: un estudio descriptivo

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of various cardiovascular risk factors with a major impact on morbidity and premature mortality. However, the impact of MetS on self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is unknown. This study evaluated the HRQoL in a Spanish adult population aged 55 years and older with MetS. METHOD: A cross-sectional analysis was performed with baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus multicentre randomized trial. The participants were 6430 men and women aged 55-75 years with overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥27 and ≤40kg/m2) and MetS. The SF-36 questionnaire was used as a tool to measure HRQoL. Scores were calculated on each scale of the SF-36 by gender and age. RESULTS: Participants showed higher scores in the social function (mean 85.9, 95% CI; 85.4-86.4) and emotional role scales (mean 86.8, 95% CI; 86.0-87.5). By contrast, the worst scores were obtained in the aggregated physical dimensions. In addition, men obtained higher scores than women on all scales. Among men, the worst score was obtained in general health (mean 65.6, 95% CI; 65.0-66.2), and among women, in body pain (mean 54.3, 95%CI; 53.4-55.2). A significant decrease was found in the aggregated physical dimensions score among participants 70-75 years old, but an increased one in the aggregated mental dimensions, compared to younger participants. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reflect that the MetS may negatively affect HRQoL in the aggregated physical dimensions, body pain in women, and general health in men. However, this adverse association was absent for the psychological dimensions of HRQoL, which were less affected

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: El síndrome metabólico (SM) es la combinación de diversos factores de riesgo cardiovascular que pueden derivar en un mayor impacto en la morbimortalidad prematura. Sin embargo, el impacto del SM en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) es desconocido. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la CVRS en la población adulta española de 55 años o más con SM. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis transversal con los datos del ensayo PREDIMED-Plus. Seis mil cuatrocientos treinta varones y mujeres entre 55-75 años con sobrepeso/obesidad y SM. El instrumento de medida de la CVRS fue el cuestionario SF-36. Cada escala del SF-36 fue descrita y estratificada por sexo. RESULTADOS: Los participantes mostraron valores más altos en las escalas función social (media: 85,9; IC 95%: 85,4-86,4) y rol emocional (media: 86,8; IC 95%: 86,0-87,5). En los varones, la peor puntuación fue en la dimensión salud general (media: 65,6; IC 95%: 65,0-66,2) y en las mujeres el dolor corporal (media: 54,3; IC 95%: 53,4-55,2). Además, los varones obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en todas las escalas. En la escala función física en varones se encontró una disminución significativa de la CVRS en los participantes entre 70 y 75 años en comparación con los más jóvenes. Las peores puntuaciones se obtuvieron en las dimensiones físicas agregadas. CONCLUSIONES: El SM afecta de manera negativa a la CVRS en las dimensiones agregadas físicas, haciendo especial hincapié en la esfera dolor corporal en mujeres y salud general en varones. Sin embargo, las esferas psicológicas se encuentran menos afectadas por el SM

Seasonal variation and diet quality among Spanish people aged over 55 years

There is evidence supporting the importance of a healthy diet; however, there are few studies analyzing the seasonal variation of food intake. The present study was aimed to evaluate seasonal variation of food and energy intake in Spanish elderly also to investigate diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score. From a cross-sectional study, 28 individuals (39% males) aged over 55 years volunteered for a longitudinal follow-up. Dietary assessment was evaluated through 24-h dietary recalls. Energy and nutrient intake were calculated using DIAL software. Furthermore, diet quality was measured using HEI. Data was analyzed considering the interaction of sex, age, fitness status, and body composition. Cereals intake was significantly lower in summer than in winter and autumn (both p < 0.05); whereas, drinks intake was significantly higher in summer than in winter, spring, and autumn (all p < 0.01). Daily energy intake was significant higher in spring than in summer, and in autumn than in summer (p < 0.05), and energy intake from lunch was also statistically higher in spring than in summer (p < 0.01). The HEI was classified as good; however, a negative and significant association was observed between HEI and cholesterol, alcohol, and monounsaturated fatty acids intake (p < 0.01). Cereals and drinks intake and total daily energy intake changed according to seasons. This should be considered in nutritional studies. Diet quality seems not to be affected by these seasonal changes, and HEI did not show a good association with the majority of foods and macro- and micronutrients

Características de la población con ingesta baja en luteína y zeaxantina en pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad variante húmeda / Characteristics of patients with wet age-related macular degeneration and low intake of lutein and zeaxanthin

Objetivo: Averiguar las características de los pacientes con DMAE húmeda que ingieren suficiente luteína y zeaxantina en nuestra población. Métodos: Estudio protocolizado, prospectivo, observacional, transversal, en pacientes diagnosticados de DMAE húmeda activa. Se efectúa hemograma, perfil lipídico, y perfil hepático; una entrevista dietética sobre los hábitos alimentarios a partir de la realización de un recordatorio de 24h y estudio antropométrico. Se dividen en dos grupos en función de la ingesta de luteína-zeaxantina (L-Z).Grupo 1 (ingesta «suficiente»): pacientes con ingesta diaria ≥1.400mg/día en mujeres y 1.700mg/día en hombres (2/3 de la ingesta media diaria en población normal).Grupo 2: pacientes con ingesta diaria inferior a las del grupo 1. Se efectúa un estudio estadístico descriptivo y comparativo entre ambos grupos. Resultado: Un total de 52 pacientes, con una edad media de 78,9 años. Grupo 1: 11 pacientes (21% de la muestra). Grupo 2: 41. Los pacientes con ingesta suficiente de L-Z tienen mayor índice de masa corporal y perímetro de cintura. El 70-80% de los pacientes del grupo 1 presentan ingesta insuficiente de vitaminas A, C y E, y zinc. Conclusiones: El 79% de los pacientes tienen ingesta diaria de L-Z baja. Los pacientes con aporte suficiente tienen un aumento en el índice de masa corporal y perímetro de cintura, y además la mayoría tienen una ingesta insuficiente de vitaminas A, C y E, y zinc(AU)

Objective: To assess the characteristics of patients with wet AMD and low intake of lutein and zeaxanthin in our population. Methods: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with active wet AMD. A full blood count, a lipid and liver profile, a dietary interview (24-hour recall), and an anthropometric study were performed. Lutein-zeaxanthin (LZ) intake results split the patents in two groups. Group 1 ("sufficient" intake): patients with ≥1,400mg/day intake in women and 1,700mg/day in men (2/3 of the average daily intake in a normal population). Group 2: patients with daily intakes below that of group 1. A descriptive and comparative statistical study was performed. Results: Fifty-two patients with a mean age of 78.9 years. Group 1: eleven patients (21% of the sample). Group 2: forty-one patients. The subjects with adequate intake of LZ had higher a body mass index and waist circumference. Between 70-80% of patients in group 1 had inadequate intake of vitamin A, C and E and zinc. Conclusions: Seventy-nine per cent of the patients with wet AMD have a deficient daily intake in lutein-zeaxanthin. The population with adequate intake is associated with an increased body mass index and waist circumference, and in addition, most of them have an insufficient intake of vitamin A, C, E and zinc(AU)

Competitive apnea diving sessions induces an adaptative antioxidant response in mononucleated blood cells

The aim was evaluating the effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation repetitive episodes during 5 days of apnea diving (3-day training/2-day competition) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage, and plasma xanthine oxidase activity. Blood samples, from seven professional apnea divers, were taken under basal conditions the previous morning to the first training session (pre-diving basal), 4 h after ending the competition (4 h post-diving) and the following morning (15 h after last dive) in basal conditions (post-diving basal). Glucose levels significantly decreased whereas triglycerides increased at 4 h post-diving, both returning to basal values at post-diving basal. Glutathione reductase and catalase activity significantly increased after 4 h post-diving remaining elevated at post-diving basal. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and catalase protein levels progressively increased after diving with significant differences respect to initial values at post-diving basal. No significant differences were observed in circulating PBMCs and oxidative damage markers. Plasma xanthine oxidase activity and nitrite levels, but not the inducible nitric oxide synthetase, significantly increased 4 h post-diving, returning to the basal values after 15 h. In conclusion, chronic and repetitive episodes of diving apnea during five consecutive days increased plasma xanthine oxidase activity and nitric oxide production which could enhance the signalling role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species for PBMCs antioxidant adaptation against hypoxia/reoxygenation