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PURPOSE: This study investigated whether Ki-67 labeling index (LI) correlated with clinical outcomes after SRS for atypical meningiomas. METHODS: This retrospective study examined 39 patients with atypical meningiomas who underwent SRS over a 10-year study period. Ki-67 LI was categorized into 3 groups: low (< 5%), intermediate (5%-10%), and high (> 10%). Local tumor control rates (LCRs), progression-free rates (PFRs), disease-specific survival (DSS) rates, and adverse radiation-induced events (AREs) were evaluated. RESULTS: The median follow-up periods were 26 months. SRS was performed at a median prescription dose of 18 Gy for tumors with a median Ki-67 LI of 9.6%. The 3-year LCRs were 100%, 74%, and 25% in the low, intermediate, and high LI groups, respectively (p = 0.011). The 3-year PFRs were 100%, 40%, and 0% in the low, intermediate, and high LI groups (p = 0.003). The 5-year DSS rates were 100%, 89%, and 50% in the low, intermediate, and high LI groups (p = 0.019). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed a significant correlation of high LI with lower LCR (hazard ratio [HR], 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-13.04, p = 0.026), lower PFR (HR 3.80; 95% CI 1.46-9.88, p = 0.006), and shorter DSS (HR 6.55; 95% CI 1.19-35.95, p = 0.031) compared with intermediate LI. The ARE rates were minimal (8%) in the entire group. CONCLUSION: Patients with high Ki-67 LI showed significantly more tumor progression and tumor-related death. Ki-67 LI might offer valuable predictive insights for the post-SRS management of atypical meningiomas.
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Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Radiocirurgia , Humanos , Meningioma/radioterapia , Meningioma/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Radiocirurgia/efeitos adversos , Antígeno Ki-67 , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Meníngeas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirurgia , SeguimentosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is intractable because of multiple tumors involving the nervous system and is clinically diverse and genotype-dependent. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for NF2-associated schwannomas remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between radiosurgical outcomes and mutation types in NF2-associated schwannomas. METHODS: This single-institute retrospective study included consecutive NF2 patients with intracranial schwannomas treated with SRS. The patients' types of germline mutations ("Truncating," "Large deletion," "Splice site," "Missense," and "Mosaic") and Halliday's genetic severity scores were examined, and the associations with progression-free rate (PFR) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. RESULTS: The study enrolled 14 patients with NF2 with 22 associated intracranial schwannomas (median follow-up, 102 months).ãThe PFRs in the entire cohort were 95% at 5 years and 90% at 10-20 years. The PFRs tended to be worse in patients with truncating mutation exons 2-13 than in those with other mutation types (91% at 5 years and 82% at 10-20 years vs. 100% at 10-20 years, P = 0.140). The OSs were 89% for patients aged 40 years and 74% for those aged 60 years in the entire cohort and significantly lower in genetic severity group 3 than in the other groups (100% vs. 50% for those aged 35 years; P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: SRS achieved excellent PFR for NF2-associated intracranial schwannomas in the mild (group 2A) and moderate (group 2B) groups. SRS necessitates careful consideration for the severe group (group 3), especially in cases with NF2 truncating mutation exons 2-13.
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Neurilemoma , Neurofibromatose 2 , Radiocirurgia , Humanos , Neurofibromatose 2/complicações , Neurofibromatose 2/genética , Neurofibromatose 2/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neurilemoma/genética , Neurilemoma/cirurgia , Neurilemoma/complicações , MutaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in treating transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (TSS DAVFs), and to investigate post-SRS sinus patency, focusing on the risk factors associated with treated sinus occlusion. METHODS: Data from 34 patients treated with SRS between January 2006 and April 2023 were analyzed. Detailed angioarchitecture was confirmed using digital subtraction angiography before SRS. Angiography of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and vertebral artery was performed to evaluate whether the involved side of the TSS was used for normal venous drainage. TSS stenosis was defined as sinus diameter < 50% of the normal proximal diameter. DAVF shunt obliteration, TSS occlusion, neurological status, and adverse events were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 34 patients, 21 had Borden type I and 14 had Borden type II DAVFs. The median age at SRS was 64 years (interquartile range 54-71 years), and the follow-up period was 31 months (interquartile range 15-94 months). Complete shunt obliteration was achieved in 24 (70.6%) patients. The cumulative 2-, 3-, and 5-year shunt obliteration rates were 49.6%, 71.2%, and 86.0%, respectively. Borden type I had higher obliteration rates (60.5%, 83.1%, and 94.4%, respectively) than Borden type II (41.7%, 51.4%, and 75.7%, respectively; p = 0.034). TSS occlusion occurred in 5 patients (14.7%). The cumulative 1-, 5-, and 10-year TSS occlusion rates were 2.9%, 8.3%, and 23.6%, respectively, across the entire cohort. All occlusions occurred exclusively in the sinuses that were not used for normal venous drainage. Cox proportional analyses revealed that TSS stenosis and the sinus not being used for normal venous drainage were significantly associated with a greater risk of TSS occlusion after SRS (HR 9.44, 95% CI 1.01-77.13; p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: SRS is effective and safe for TSS DAVF and results in favorable shunt obliteration, symptom improvement, and low complication rates. TSS occlusion after SRS is asymptomatic and is limited to sinuses that are not used for normal venous drainage.
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Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central , Embolização Terapêutica , Radiocirurgia , Seios Transversos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Constrição Patológica , Seios Transversos/diagnóstico por imagem , Seios Transversos/cirurgia , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Malformações Vasculares do Sistema Nervoso Central/cirurgia , Angiografia Digital , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Cerebrovascular malformations comprise abnormal development of cerebral vasculature. They can result in hemorrhagic stroke due to rupture of lesions as well as seizures and neurological defects. The most common forms of cerebrovascular malformations are brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). They occur in both sporadic and inherited forms. Rapidly evolving molecular genetic methodologies have helped to identify causative or associated genes involved in genesis of bAVMs and CCMs. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge regarding the genetic basis of these malformations.
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Malformações Arteriovenosas , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central , Humanos , Hemangioma Cavernoso do Sistema Nervoso Central/genética , Encéfalo , ConvulsõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ventriculo-cisternal irrigation (VCI) in preventing vasospasms and delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) by washing out subarachnoid clots earlier after aneurysm surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 340 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with postoperative VCI at our institution between December 2010 and January 2020. As VCI therapy, a ventricular drain/cisternal drain was placed during aneurysm surgery, and lactated Ringer's solution was used for irrigation until day 4 of SAH, followed by intracranial pressure control at 5-10 cmH2O until day 14. RESULTS: The median age was 65 years (interquartile range 52-75), with 236 female patients (69%). The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade distribution was as follows: grade I or II, 175 patients (51%); grade III or IV, 84 (25%); and grade V, 81 (24%). With VCI management in all patients, total vasospasm occurred in 162 patients (48%), although the DCI incidence was low (23 patients [6.8%]). Major drainage-related complications were observed in five patients (1.5%). Early surgery, performed on SAH day 0 or 1, was identified as a preventive factor against DCI occurrence (odds ratio (OR) 0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.67; P = 0.008), while additional surgery (4.76, 1.62-13.98; P = 0.005) and dyslipidemia (3.27, 1.24-8.63; P = 0.017) were associated with DCI occurrence. CONCLUSION: Managing vasospasms with VCI after SAH is considered a safe and effective method to prevent DCI. Early surgery after SAH may be associated with a decreased risk of DCI with VCI therapy.
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Aneurisma Roto , Isquemia Encefálica , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infarto Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Infarto Cerebral/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Aneurisma Roto/complicações , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/prevenção & controle , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologiaRESUMO
Lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenomas (LGPAs) are common, benign, and intraorbital tumours that cause exophthalmos, ptosis, and visual disturbances. The curative treatment for LGPAs is gross total resection, and radiotherapy is considered adjunctive for recurrence or an alternative for inoperable LGPAs. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be used for precise delivery of high radiation doses to the tumour, crucial in the treatment of intra-and extracranial neoplasms. Here, we present a 95-year-old woman who had a rapidly growing, recurrent LGPA and was successfully treated with SRS. The tumour was controlled without any adverse events over 21 months following SRS. SRS is a potential alternative treatment for recurrent LGPA.
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Adenoma Pleomorfo , Neoplasias Oculares , Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal , Aparelho Lacrimal , Radiocirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aparelho Lacrimal/cirurgia , Aparelho Lacrimal/patologia , Adenoma Pleomorfo/radioterapia , Adenoma Pleomorfo/cirurgia , Adenoma Pleomorfo/patologia , Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal/radioterapia , Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal/cirurgia , Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal/patologia , Neoplasias Oculares/radioterapia , Neoplasias Oculares/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective and less invasive therapeutic option for cavernous sinus (CS) tumors. However, its long-term effectiveness and neurological outcomes have yet to be fully elucidated. We aimed to examine the long-term outcomes of SRS for CS tumors. METHODS: Overall, a cohort of 113 patients with benign CS tumors, including 91 with meningioma, 14 with trigeminal schwannoma (TS), and eight with cavernous hemangioma, treated with SRS at our institution from 1990 to 2018, was included. Tumor control and functional preservation/recovery were evaluated in detail. RESULTS: The median post-SRS follow-up period was 77 months (interquartile range, 39-177). Progression-free survival (PFS) was 97% at 5 years, 89% at 10 years, and 87% at 15 years for the entire cohort; 96% at 5 years and 87% at 10 years for meningiomas; and 100% at 10 years for the other tumors. No significant difference was observed between meningiomas and non-meningiomas (log-rank test, p = 0.107). Improvement in cranial nerve (CN) function was observed in 35 (27%) patients. TSs tended to show CN improvements more often than meningiomas did (total improvements, 62% vs. 23%; p = 0.004; eye movement function, 100% vs. 20%; p = 0.002). CN deterioration or development of new CN deficits was observed in 11 (10%) patients. CONCLUSION: SRS provides good tumor control and acceptable long-term outcome with sufficient preservation of CN function in patients with benign CS tumors.
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Seio Cavernoso , Radiocirurgia , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio , Seio Cavernoso/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/radioterapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a standard treatment modality for vestibular schwannomas (VSs). However, there is a paucity of data on tumor control and neurological preservation for larger VSs. We aimed to investigate the long-term effectiveness of SRS for Koos grade IV compared with I-III VSs. METHODS: We included 452 patients with VSs (50 Koos grade IV and 402 Koos grade IâIII) who were treated with SRS at our institution from 1990 to 2021. Tumor control and functional preservation were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups with the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median post-SRS follow-up period was 68 months. Progression-free survival rates were 91% at 5 and 10 years for Koos grade IV VSs, and 95% and 92%, respectively, for Koos grade IâIII VSs (p = 0.278). In Koos grade IV VSs, functional preservation rates of the facial and trigeminal nerves were both 96% at 5 years (both 98% for Koos grade IâIII VSs; facial, p = 0.410; trigeminal, p = 0.107). Hearing preservation rates were 61% at 5 years for Koos grade IV VSs and 78% for Koos grade I-III VSs (p = 0.645). Symptomatic transient tumor expansion was more common with Koos grade IV VSs (8.0% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.034), although all related symptoms diminished in accordance with tumor shrinkage. CONCLUSION: SRS may contribute to long-term tumor control and adequate neurological preservation in the treatment of Koos grade IV VSs, comparable to those in the treatment of Koos grade IâIII VSs.
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Neuroma Acústico , Radiocirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Seguimentos , Humanos , Neuroma Acústico/patologia , Neuroma Acústico/radioterapia , Neuroma Acústico/cirurgia , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Pre-surgical diagnosis of skull base chondrosarcoma (SBC) is often challenging due to the resemblance to chordoma. The goal of this study was to develop an optimal method for predicting SBC diagnosis. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with histologically diagnosed SBC and skull base chordoma. Their clinical and radiologic features were compared, and the predictive factors of SBC were examined. RESULTS: Forty-one patients with SBC and 41 with chordoma were included. Most SBCs exhibited hypointensity (25, 64.1%) or isointensity (12, 30.8%) on T1-weighted images, and hyperintensity (34, 87.1%) or mixed intensity (5, 12.8%) on T2-weighted images. MRI contrast enhancement was usually avid or fair (89.7%) with "arabesque"-like pattern (41.0%). The lateral/paramidline location was more common in SBC than in chordoma (85.4% vs. 9.8%; P < 0.01), while midline SBCs (14.6%) were also possible. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (unit odds ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.02; P < 0.01) was associated with an SBC diagnosis. An ADC value of ≥ 1750 × 10-6 mm2/s demonstrated a strong association with an SBC diagnosis (odds ratio 5.89 × 102; 95% confidence interval 51.0-6.80 × 103; P < 0.01) and yielded a sensitivity of 93.9%, specificity of 97.4%, positive predictive value of 96.9%, and negative predictive value of 95.0%. CONCLUSION: The ADC-based method is helpful in distinguishing SBC from chordoma and readily applicable in clinical practice. The prediction accuracy increases when other characteristics of SBC, such as non-midline location and arabesque-like enhancement, are considered together.
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Condrossarcoma , Cordoma , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio , Condrossarcoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Condrossarcoma/patologia , Condrossarcoma/cirurgia , Cordoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Cordoma/patologia , Cordoma/cirurgia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Base do Crânio , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/patologiaRESUMO
Intracranial epidermoid cysts are benign cystic lesions that typically exhibit slow growth. Their malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma is rare. We report a 77-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital because of a near-drowning incident due to a seizure sustained in her bathtub. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed an extra-axial tumor occupying the right cerebellopontine angle. The lesion appeared hyperintense in diffusion-weighted images and exhibited contrast enhancement after gadolinium injection. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed noninfectious meningitis, presumably due to the ruptured epidermoid cyst. Tumor resection was performed and histopathological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma, which was indicative of malignant transformation of the cyst. The patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and has no signs of recurrence 9 months postsurgery. Rapid neurological deterioration and contrast enhancement on MRI are key signs of malignant transformation of epidermoid cysts.
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Ângulo Cerebelopontino/cirurgia , Cisto Epidérmico , Idoso , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Neoplasias Cerebelares , Cisto Epidérmico/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Recidiva Local de NeoplasiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) has emerged as an alternative to carotid artery stenting (CAS). TCAR demonstrated its superiority by avoiding femoral artery puncture and establishing proximal protection without crossing the stenotic lesion. In the TCAR era, we focused on the possibility of a trans-distal radial approach (DRA). A balloon-guide catheter was navigated via DRA to establish proximal protection before lesion crossing. The forearm subcutaneous vein was used as the flow-reversal circuit. METHODS: Six internal carotid artery stenosis patients underwent CAS using "the forearm flow reversal technique." Every procedure was performed under continuous flow reversal from the common carotid artery to the forearm cephalic vein. RESULTS: Successful revascularization was achieved without ischemic or access-site complications. The distal radial artery was patent at discharge in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Trans-distal radial CAS with forearm flow reversal is a feasible and less invasive technical option.
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Estenose das Carótidas , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Estenose das Carótidas/cirurgia , Estenose das Carótidas/complicações , Antebraço/cirurgia , Artéria Radial/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Stents/efeitos adversos , Artéria Carótida Primitiva , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is known to occur after endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES); however, the detailed clinical picture remains unclear. In this study, the authors aimed to examine the incidence of and risk factors for post-EES CSDH, with a focus on the quantitative evaluation of postoperative pneumocephalus. METHODS: The authors retrospectively collected data on consecutive patients who, between November 2016 and December 2022, had undergone EES during which intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage occurred. Using CT images obtained immediately after surgery (CT0), the authors measured the extent of pneumocephalus in detail. The locations of pneumocephalus were divided into two groups: remote and local. Remote pneumocephalus was further subdivided into convexity and ventricular. The incidence of post-EES CSDH was calculated, and its risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 159 EES patients included in the study, Esposito grade 1, 2, and 3 intraoperative CSF leakage was confirmed in 22 (14%), 27 (17%), and 110 (69%) patients, respectively. CSDH occurred in 6 patients (3.8%). One patient (0.6%) required unilateral burr hole surgery, whereas the hematomas spontaneously disappeared in the others. All CSDHs occurred in patients with Esposito grade 3 CSF leakage and convexity pneumocephalus on CT0. In the multivariate analysis of 149 sides with convexity pneumocephalus on CT0, the product of the diameter and the thickness of convexity pneumocephalus on CT0 was significantly associated with subsequent CSDH (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06-1.38, p = 0.004). Using a cutoff value of 10 cm2, CSDH development could be predicted with a sensitivity of 0.82 and specificity of 0.74. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of post-EES CSDH is acceptably low, and surgery is rarely required. Patients with extensive convexity pneumocephalus on immediate postoperative CT are prone to develop CSDH and thus should be carefully monitored.
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Hematoma Subdural Crônico , Pneumocefalia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Pneumocefalia/etiologia , Pneumocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumocefalia/epidemiologia , Hematoma Subdural Crônico/cirurgia , Hematoma Subdural Crônico/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Idoso , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Vazamento de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/epidemiologia , Vazamento de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/etiologia , Vazamento de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroendoscopia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The impact of cobalt-60 dose rate (Co-60 DR) on outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains fully elucidated. This study explored the association between Co-60 DR and SRS outcomes in AVM treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 772 AVM patients from 1990 to 2020 were included. High DR was defined as ≥ 2.4 Gy/min. AVM patients were categorized into 3 cohorts based on the nidus volume: small (<5 mL), medium (≥5 mL and < 10 mL), and large (≥10 mL). The primary endpoint was AVM obliteration; secondary endpoints included post-SRS hemorrhage. RESULTS: Cumulative obliteration rates of the large AVM were significantly increased in the high DR group than those in the low DR group (84 % vs. 45 % at 5 years, log-rank test; p = 0.011). Multivariable analysis showed that the obliteration rate was significantly elevated for the high DR group in the large AVM cohort with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.78 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-3.17, p = 0.049). Post-SRS hemorrhage rates of the entire cohort were significantly decreased in the high DR group than in the low DR group (2.5 % vs. 5.3 % at 5 years, log-rank test; p = 0.035). Multivariable analysis revealed post-SRS hemorrhage was reduced in the high DR group with an adjusted HR of 0.47 (95 % CI: 0.24-0.92, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: High DR may lead to increased efficiency for large AVMs and decreased post-SRS hemorrhage in all AVM cases. Sustaining a higher Co-60 DR could potentially yield favorable outcomes for SRS for AVMs.
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Radioisótopos de Cobalto , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas , Radiocirurgia , Humanos , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/radioterapia , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Radioisótopos de Cobalto/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adolescente , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Criança , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The locations of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) and anterior clinoid meningioma (ACM) appear to be very close but essentially different, as the former is inside the sella turcica while the latter is in the intradural space. A collision tumor thus requires a specific treatment strategy but has been rarely reported. OBSERVATIONS: A 77-year-old woman presented with progressive visual impairment due to significant compression of the optic apparatus by a collision of PitNET and ACM. With a minimally invasive two-stage therapeutic strategy, the ACM was first resected using an endoscopic mini-pterional approach, then the PitNET was removed with an endoscopic transnasal approach 8 weeks later, leading to significant improvement in visual function. The authors' literature search identified only 2 documented cases of a similar collision. LESSONS: This case underscores the complexity of the decision-making process in the management of collision tumors and suggests the potential benefit of staged minimally invasive surgical interventions in preserving visual function. Further accumulation of cases is warranted for refining the treatment strategy. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24240.
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BACKGROUND: Recent anatomical studies have reported the feasibility of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the middle fossa. However, its clinical applicability has been discussed in only a few cases. This article describes the case of a middle fossa epidural abscess successfully drained through a fully endoscopic endonasal corridor and discusses the key technical points. OBSERVATIONS: The authors describe an 8-year-old boy who presented with worsening headache, fatigue, emesis, and fever and was diagnosed with a left middle fossa epidural abscess associated with sphenoid sinusitis. Following endoscopic sinus surgery performed by a rhinologist, the middle fossa was accessed by removing the maxillary strut through the transmaxillary transpterygoid corridor. Complete drainage of the abscess was confirmed on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The patient tolerated the surgery without neurological deficit and demonstrated prompt symptom improvement. He was discharged home after completing a 6-week course of antibiotic therapy and remained free from recurrence at 1 year following surgery. LESSONS: The endoscopic endonasal approach may be applicable to a middle fossa epidural abscess, resulting in prompt clinical improvement. The maxillary strut is a key structure for entering the middle fossa. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24288.
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Three-dimensional vessel model reconstruction from patient-specific magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images often requires some manual maneuvers. This study aimed to establish the deep learning (DL)-based method for vessel model reconstruction. Time of flight MRA of 40 patients with internal carotid artery aneurysms was prepared, and three-dimensional vessel models were constructed using the threshold and region-growing method. Using those datasets, supervised deep learning using 2D U-net was performed to reconstruct 3D vessel models. The accuracy of the DL-based vessel segmentations was assessed using 20 MRA images outside the training dataset. The dice coefficient was used as the indicator of the model accuracy, and the blood flow simulation was performed using the DL-based vessel model. The created DL model could successfully reconstruct a three-dimensional model in all 60 cases. The dice coefficient in the test dataset was 0.859. Of note, the DL-generated model proved its efficacy even for large aneurysms (> 10 mm in their diameter). The reconstructed model was feasible in performing blood flow simulation to assist clinical decision-making. Our DL-based method could successfully reconstruct a three-dimensional vessel model with moderate accuracy. Future studies are warranted to exhibit that DL-based technology can promote medical image processing.
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Aprendizado Profundo , Imageamento Tridimensional , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effectiveness of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) with the conventional transcranial approach (TCA) for treating tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs), aiming to identify the superior surgical method and the risk factors affecting outcomes. METHODS: Patients treated for TSM from 1998 to 2023 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed, evaluating patient characteristics, tumor features, outcomes, and complications. A novel grading system for preoperative evaluation of TSMs was proposed. RESULTS: Among 49 patients, 26 underwent EEA and 23 underwent TCA. The maximum diameters were comparable between the groups (mean 22 mm vs. 23 mm). Gross total resection rates were 62% for EEA and 70% for TCA, showing no significant difference. However, postsurgical visual improvement was significantly higher in the EEA group compared with the TCA group (77% vs. 44%; P = 0.020), with fewer complications in the EEA group (8% vs. 35%; P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: EEA is a safe and effective treatment approach for small to medium TSMs, with outcomes comparable to TCA in terms of resection but superior in visual improvement and fewer complications. Selection of surgical approach should consider patient and tumor characteristics as well as surgeon experience.
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Background: Chordomas are rare, locally aggressive neoplasms recognized as derivatives of the notochord vestiges. These tumors typically involve the midline axial skeleton, and intracranial chordomas exhibit proclivity for the spheno-occipital region. However, purely intrasellar occurrences are extremely rare. We report a case of intrasellar chordoma, which masqueraded as a pituitary neuroendocrine tumor. Case Description: An 87-year-old female presented with an acutely altered mental state after a few-week course of headaches and decreased left vision. Adrenal insufficiency was evident, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intrasellar lesion with heterogeneous contrast enhancement and marked T2 hyperintensity. Central adrenal insufficiency due to an intrasellar lesion was suspected. Cortisol replacement was initiated, and transsphenoidal surgery was performed. Anterosuperior displacement of the normal pituitary gland and the absence of the bony dorsum sellae were notable during the procedure. Histological examination led to a diagnosis of conventional chordoma, and upfront adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery was executed. She has been free from tumor progression for 12 months. Conclusion: This case and literature review suggested that the pathognomonic features of intrasellar chordoma were heterogeneous contrast enhancement, marked T2 hyperintensity, osteolytic destruction of the dorsum sellae, and anterosuperior displacement of the pituitary gland. Clinical outcomes seemed slightly worse than those of all skull base chordomas, which were the rationale for upfront radiosurgery in our case. Neurosurgeons should include intrasellar chordomas in the differential diagnosis of intrasellar lesions, carefully dissect them from the adjacent critical anatomical structures, and consider upfront radiosurgery to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
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BACKGROUND: Acinic cell carcinomas (AcCCs), rare malignancies of the salivary glands, often recur and metastasize, particularly in the skull base. Conventional radical resection can be invasive for skull base AcCCs adjacent to cranial nerves and major vasculature, and the effectiveness of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as an alternative is not well established. OBSERVATIONS: This case report details the application of SRS for recurrent skull base AcCCs. A 71-year-old male with a history of resection for a right mandibular AcCC 23 years earlier experienced tumor recurrence involving the right cavernous sinus and nasal cavity. He underwent endoscopic transnasal surgery followed by SRS targeting different tumor locations-the cavernous sinus to the pterygopalatine fossa, maxillary sinus, and clivus-each with a prescribed dose of 20 Gy to the 40% to 50% isodose line. After the first skull base metastasis, additional sessions of localized SRS after endoscopic surgery led to a 12-year survival without sequela. LESSONS: This is a report indicating that SRS for skull base AcCCs can achieve favorable local control, functional preservation, and long-term survival. SRS may be suitable for skull base AcCC given the lesion's tendency toward multiple local recurrences. Further investigation is needed to validate the treatment's efficacy.
RESUMO
To investigate the geometric accuracy of the radiation focal point (RFP) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) over long-term periods for the ICON Leksell Gamma Knife radiosurgery system. This phantom study utilized the ICON quality assurance tool plus, and the phantom was manually set on the patient position system before the implementation of treatment for patients. The deviation of the RFP position from the unit center point (UCP) and the positions of the four ball bearings (BBs) in the CBCT from the reference position were automatically analyzed. During 544 days, a total of 269 analyses were performed on different days. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the deviation between measured RFP and UCP was 0.01 ± 0.03, 0.01 ± 0.03, and -0.01 ± 0.01 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The deviations with offset values after the cobalt-60 source replacement (0.00 ± 0.03, -0.01 ± 0.01, and -0.01 ± 0.01 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively) were significantly (p = 0.001) smaller than those before the replacement (0.02 ± 0.03, 0.02 ± 0.01, and -0.02 ± 0.01 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively). The overall mean ± SD of four BBs was -0.03 ± 0.03, -0.01 ± 0.05, and 0.01 ± 0.03 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Geometric positional accuracy was ensured to be within 0.1 mm on most days over a long-term period of more than 500 days.