RESUMO
Supermassive black holes have powerful gravitational fields with strong gradients that can destroy stars that get too close, producing a bright flare in ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions from stellar debris that forms an accretion disk around the black hole. The aftermath of this process may have been seen several times over the past two decades in the form of sparsely sampled, slowly fading emission from distant galaxies, but the onset of the stellar disruption event has not hitherto been observed. Here we report observations of a bright X-ray flare from the extragalactic transient Swift J164449.3+573451. This source increased in brightness in the X-ray band by a factor of at least 10,000 since 1990 and by a factor of at least 100 since early 2010. We conclude that we have captured the onset of relativistic jet activity from a supermassive black hole. A companion paper comes to similar conclusions on the basis of radio observations. This event is probably due to the tidal disruption of a star falling into a supermassive black hole, but the detailed behaviour differs from current theoretical models of such events.
RESUMO
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a life-threatening condition that requires early pregnancy termination. Its early ultrasound diagnosis is clinically important; however, previous studies focused on the CSP site itself. The present study was conducted to investigate the authors' clinical impression that a uterine-fundal hypoechoic mass is more frequently observed in CSP. Such a finding, if confirmed, may contribute to ultrasound diagnosis of CSP. The authors also determined the relationship between the treatment strategy and outcome, with special emphasis on conditions eventually requiring uterine artery embolization (UAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a case-control study of CSP, and the authors analyzed all 14 women that were treated in this single tertiary institute over a period of ten years. Control subjects consisted of all pregnant women with prior cesarean section (CS) but no CSP. RESULTS: Patients with CSP were significantly more likely to have a hypoechoic mass than controls (42.9 vs. 15.4%, respectively; p = 0.028). On confining results to a "fundal" hypoechoic mass, only CSP(+) patients showed it (CSP vs. control: 28.6 vs. 0%, respectively; p < 0.001). Six (43%: 6/14) received UAE: four following vaginal evacuation (artificial or spontaneous), and two for bleeding after methotrexate (MTX) treatment. CONCLUSION: Patients with CSP more frequently had a uterine-fundal hypoechoic mass, whose detection may trigger a detailed observation of the CSP site, possibly leading to CSP diagnosis.
Assuntos
Cesárea , Cicatriz/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez Ectópica/diagnóstico por imagem , Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Abortivos não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Aborto Induzido , Aborto Espontâneo , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Gravidez , Gravidez Ectópica/terapia , Ultrassonografia , Embolização da Artéria UterinaRESUMO
To characterise congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), with special emphasis on polyhydramnios and the neonatal prognosis, we summarise 31 CMN patients (30 reported patients and the present patient). CMN was detected at a median of 30 weeks' gestation, and infants were delivered at a median of 34 weeks' gestation. Of 27 patients with available data, 19 (70%) had polyhydramnios, of which 8 required amnio- drainage. Women with amnio-drainage gave birth significantly earlier (30.4 weeks' gestation) than those without polyhydramnios (36.7 weeks' gestation). Thus, CMN was frequently associated with polyhydramnios and this polyhydramnios was associated with a significant increase in the risk of preterm birth. Of 20 patients with available data, the affected-side kidney was 'compressed' in 16 and 'replaced' in 4: polyhydramnios was present in a half vs 100%, respectively, suggesting that a 'replaced' kidney may suggest a more aggressive tumour and may be associated with a poorer prognosis. Univariate analysis showed that early gestational week at diagnosis was the only feature significantly associated with poor prognosis. Thus, polyhydramnios, 'replaced' kidney and early gestational week at diagnosis, may indicate poor prognosis, to which obstetricians should pay attention.
Assuntos
Nefroma Mesoblástico/complicações , Nefroma Mesoblástico/diagnóstico por imagem , Poli-Hidrâmnios/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Nefroma Mesoblástico/diagnóstico , Poli-Hidrâmnios/diagnóstico , Gravidez , Prognóstico , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Falso Aneurisma/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica , Ovário/irrigação sanguínea , Artéria Uterina , Aborto Induzido , Adulto , Angiografia , Artérias , Feminino , Humanos , GravidezAssuntos
Movimento Fetal , Feto/fisiopatologia , Listeriose/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da GravidezAssuntos
Técnicas Hemostáticas , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/terapia , Colo do Útero , Feminino , Humanos , Forceps ObstétricoRESUMO
Autoantibodies and erythrocyte membrane proteins were analyzed in a case of a dog with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). In crisis phase, antiglobulin test was positive. The eluate from the erythrocytes of the dog with AIHA gave agglutination against autologus erythrocytes. Immunoglobulin subclasses in the eluate were revealed to be IgG and IgA by the double diffusion test. Comparing the SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of erythrocyte membrane proteins between the crisis and remission phases, there was a change in the protein on protein 4.1 region. However, there were no changes in blood group typings in two phases.
Assuntos
Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/veterinária , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Proteínas de Membrana/análise , Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/sangue , Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune/imunologia , Animais , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Membrana Eritrocítica/química , Eritrócitos/química , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Imunodifusão , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina G/análise , MasculinoRESUMO
The phenotypes and gene frequencies of genetic markers in 8 blood group systems were studied in Japanese crossbred cats. The gene frequency was 0.051 for Ca, 0.949 for ca, 0.484 for TFF, 0.5133 for TFs, 0.279 for GCF, 0.721 for GCs, 0.945 for PGDA, 0.055 for PGDB, 0.544 for ESD1 and 0.456 for ESD2. Genetic polymorphism was not detected in the PGM, ACP and GLO systems.
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Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Carboxilesterase , Gatos/genética , Frequência do Gene , Fosfatase Ácida/sangue , Animais , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/genética , Gatos/sangue , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Marcadores Genéticos , Japão , Fosfoglucomutase/genética , Fosfogluconato Desidrogenase/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Transferrina/genéticaRESUMO
The canine C blood group was determined by an agglutination reaction with a plant agglutinin extracted from the seeds of Clerodendron trichotomum (CTL). A positive agglutination reaction was classified as type C and a negative reaction as type c. In this study, the C phenotype and the gene frequency of C were examined in 377 dogs (224 purebred dogs of 29 breeds and 153 mongrel dogs) that were bred in Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi Prefecture. Phenotype C was less frequent than phenotype c in every purebred dog. A variation in C gene frequency was observed among the purebred dogs. The highest frequency of C allele was in the Yorkshire Terrier (0.202), followed by Beagle, Shiba (0.091), Maltese (0.085), Shi Tzu (0.051) and Shetland Sheepdog (0.036). The C blood group system as a genetic marker may provide useful information for bleed identification, genetic studies between breeds, and pedigree certification.
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Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Cães/genética , Frequência do Gene , Lectinas de Plantas , Animais , Cães/sangue , Lectinas , Fenótipo , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The telomere in the cat chromosome was detected by the fluorescence in situ hybridization method using all human telomere as a probe. In the metaphase chromosomes of cultured peripheral lymphocytes, telomere spots were observed in the terminal portions of the chromosomes. Although telomeres were confirmed in all chromosomes, the fluorescence intensity varied between the two homologues in some chromosomes.
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Gatos/genética , Cromossomos/ultraestrutura , Telômero/ultraestrutura , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , MasculinoRESUMO
Canine red blood cells were divided into a positive type (C type) and a negative type (c type) by a agglutination test with Clerodendron trichotomum lectin (CTL). Blood cells changed from c to C type after suffering from mammary tumor were named cm. The c type blood cells treated with neuraminidase were named cn. These red blood cells were studied with flow cytometry using a directly fluoresceinated CTL. Positive percents of C type, cm type, and cn type were 49.3%, 43.8% and 81.0% respectively. While C showed one peak in histogram, cm showed two peaks. The positive peak in the cm blood cells suggested an appearance of a new blood cell population with a novel sugar chain structure after suffering from the tumor.
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Cães/sangue , Eritrócitos/citologia , Lectinas de Plantas , Animais , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Lectinas , Neuraminidase , FenótipoRESUMO
Extracellular keratinase (Ekase) 48-, 34- and 31.5-kDa polypeptides, which were isolated from Microsporum canis and examined by immunoblotting reacted with a monoclonal antibody against Ekase of M. canis. We analyzed the amino acid and determined the first 17 amino acid NH2-terminal sequences of the 48-, 34- and 31.5-kDa polypeptides. These polypeptides had a high aspartic acid, glycine and alanine content, respectively. The first 17 amino acid residues of the 34-kDa polypeptide were homologous to those of thermomycolin. This indicated that the 34-kDa polypeptide of Ekase is homologous to the thermomycolin produced by Malbranchea pulchella. Furthermore, Ekase was very heat-stable in the presence of 50 mM CaCl2 at 55 degrees C, since 50% of the initial activity remained. In contrast, no activity was detected after heating in the absence of CaCl2. These results indicate a close relationship between dermatophytes and M. pulchella.
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Proteínas Fúngicas , Microsporum/enzimologia , Peptídeo Hidrolases/isolamento & purificação , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Peptídeo Hidrolases/química , Peptídeos/química , Serina Endopeptidases/químicaRESUMO
Cefotiam (CTM) and cefmenoxime (CMX) were studied for their serum concentrations and transference into bile in patients with PTCD or T-tube. One gram of CTM or either 1 g or 2 g of CMX was administered by an intravenous drip infusion for over 30 minutes. These drugs were also studied for their serum concentrations, bile concentrations, and tissue concentrations in the walls of the gallbladder of patients operated on for cholelithiasis. Intravenous drip infusion (over 30 minutes) was used to administer 1 g of CTM or 1 g or 2 g CMX immediately before surgery. Both CTM and CMX were readily transferred into bile. Their bile concentrations, however, varied greatly among patients, and extremely low levels were detected in some patients. A crossover analysis of concentrations of CMX in bile of patients given doses of 1 g and 2 g revealed a dose-response relationship. The crossover analysis of drug concentrations in bile of patients given CTM and CMX showed that CMX is transferred more readily to bile. The relationship between liver functions and drug transfer to bile was examined by plotting the total bilirubin level against drug concentrations in bile. The plots formed an exponential curve with a correlation coefficient (r) being -0.52 in cases when each subjects received 1 g of CTM and -0.72 in cases when each subjects received 1 g of CMX. A study of 3 patients given CMX at a dose of 1 g suggested that bile levels of CMX may be correlated to ICG. Concentrations of CTM and CMX in tissues of the gallbladder wall were fairly high, with unexpectedly small variance among patients. Even in patients with low bile concentrations of these drugs, drug levels in the tissues of the gallbladder wall were high. Drug levels in the noninflammatory tissues were higher than those in inflammatory lesions. The above findings suggest that CTM should be the antibiotic of choice for patients with ordinary biliary tract infections and after the surgery of the liver and biliary tract system, while CMX should be the antibiotic of choice for patients with severe biliary tract infections, and for compromised hosts after the surgery of the liver and biliary tract system.
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Bile/metabolismo , Cefotaxima/análogos & derivados , Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Idoso , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Cefmenoxima , Cefotaxima/sangue , Cefotaxima/metabolismo , Cefotaxima/uso terapêutico , Cefotiam , Colelitíase/metabolismo , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controleRESUMO
This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal administration of CDDP on fourteen patients with peritoneal dissemination of advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. The procedure was used together specific hydration transfusion and diuretics. Two patients showed a complete response and 5 patients a partial response. Following this therapy, 2 patients have survived for more than 6 months. Alimentary symptoms (nausea, vomiting) were found but renal toxicity and serious myelosuppression were not recognized in all patients.
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Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Parenterais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Peritoneais/secundário , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
In order to investigate the pathogenesis of black gallstones associated with hemolytic disorders, experimental and clinical studies were performed. Firstly, a one-shot injection of bilirubin and hemolyzed blood, and a continuous injection of bilirubin were performed in mongrel dogs with the aim to analyze the changes of hepatic and gallbladder bile composition. Secondly, gallbladder bile obtained intraoperatively from the patients with black gallstones associated with hemolytic disease, patients with black stones not associated with hemolytic disease and patients with gallbladder polyp were analyzed in order to compare the characteristics of hemolytic patients' bile with those of the model animals. High concentration of total bilirubin and increased proportion of bilirubin monoconjugate (BMC) fraction was observed in the bile of patients with black stone associated with hemolytic disease compared with the bile of the patients of other two groups. Bile pH, total calcium concentration and ionized calcium concentration were similar in all the groups. Total bile lipid concentration of hemolytic patients was decreased but the ratio of total bile acid to total lipid was increased. Both bolus injection of bilirubin and hemolyzed blood produced an increase of total bilirubin concentration and BMC in hepatic bile. Continuous bilirubin injection for 7 days induced an increase of total bilirubin and BMC in both hepatic and gallbladder bile. These results suggest that the conjugating capacity of the hepatocyte is surpassed by the excessive amount of bilirubin produced after hemolysis, producing therefore, an increased BMC and unconjugated bilirubin content in bile. This increased content can precipitate in bile as black gallstones.
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Anemia Hemolítica/complicações , Colelitíase/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anemia Hemolítica/metabolismo , Animais , Bile/metabolismo , Bilirrubina/metabolismo , Colelitíase/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell invasion plays a crucial role in establishment of successful pregnancy. CD44, a cell-surface receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA), plays a key role in HA-mediated remodeling and degradation that triggers cancer cell invasion. However, few studies have reported on the expression or functions of CD44 in human EVT cells. We hypothesized that CD44-HA interaction was involved in invasion by EVT cells. METHODS: To test our hypothesis, we conducted in situ examinations of CD44 and HA expression in the human first-trimester placenta. We also assessed the methylation status of CD44 promoter and exon 1 regions in EVT cells. Finally, we conducted transwell cell invasion assays using EVT cell lines and EVT cells isolated from first-trimester human villous explant cultures. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: EVT cells, but not villous trophoblast cells, in the first-trimester placenta expressed CD44. HA was strongly expressed in adventitia surrounding the spiral uterine arterial walls of the decidua. The extent of demethylation of CD44 promoter and exon 1 CpG islands was increased in EVT cells compared to those of first-trimester chorionic villi (including villous trophoblast cells), suggesting that CD44 expression was, at least in part, associated with methylation status. Data from transwell cell invasion assay with siRNA knockdown of CD44 revealed that CD44 expression significantly promoted invasion by EVT cells in an HA-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: The discovery of a CD44-HA interaction between EVT cells and the extracellular matrix contributes to our understanding of the mechanism underlying invasion by EVT cells.