Cutaneous tuberculosis, different clinical spectrum of the same disease: the importance of pre-test probability.

This report presents three cases of cutaneous tuberculosis that were identified at the Calderon Hospital in Quito, Ecuador. The first case involved a 44-year-old man who had tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, characterized by circinate erythematous areas, ulcerated nodules, and verruciform plaques extending from the right lower limb to the hip. In the second case a 50-year-old woman with a 1-year history of pruritic dermatosis in the left ciliary area was diagnosed with lupus vulgaris. In the third case, a 23-year-old man with erythematous nodules draining caseous material at the neck, thorax, and axillary region was diagnosed with scrofuloderma. It was discovered that nearly every laboratory test that was accessible had drawbacks as a diagnostic technique. Correlating clinical and epidemiological features with the pretest probability is crucial for optimizing indicators and confirming or ruling out the diagnosis in immunocompromised and high-risk individuals with atypical lesions.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Survey toward Skin Cancer among Ecuadorian Population.

BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers, and melanoma is a highly preventable cancer. In Ecuador, few studies have evaluated the awareness levels of the population about the disease. For this reason, the objective of this study was to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding skin cancer and its determining factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis using an online self-assessment questionnaire containing 40 questions was delivered. A total of 537 participants were included in this study. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were assigned to each participant based on the number of correct or appropriate responses. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS: In total, 75% of participants referenced knowledge of the harmful effects related to noncontrolled solar exposure. Concerning sunscreen, 76.7% knew the reason for using it. The female group was 1.68 times more likely to get a higher score than the male group, and the groups between 61-70 and 71-80 years were 0.30 and 0.17 times less likely to get a higher score compared with the less than 20-years-old group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate the requirement to increase the population's knowledge about skin cancer and possible protection measures. For this reason, the prevention and health promotion programs at a national level from primary healthcare centers are recommended. Due to the limitation of the representativeness of the sample, the use of more studies among Ecuadorian residents of the low socioeconomic level and replication in different provinces of Ecuador is justified.