Platelet count and MCHC as independent prognostic markers for feline mammary carcinomas.

Mammary neoplasms are common in felines species and represent a significant disease for its unfavorable prognosis. Changes in the blood count and serum biochemical profile of these patients have potential as non-invasive prognostic markers prior to mastectomy, however, they are poorly described in literature. In this study univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using these factors to determine the effect of each parameter on the one-year survival time after the surgical procedure in these animals. The median overall survival (OS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) were 365 and 242 days, respectively. In univariate analysis, values within the reference range of monocyte, platelet and creatinine counts were identified as significant prognostic factors for OS and only creatinine was significant for DFS (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, platelets and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) remained independent prognostic factors for OS. The results presented suggest that monocytes, platelets and creatinine may be important non-invasive pre-surgical prognostic markers, and that platelet count and MCHC are independent prognostic markers for feline mammary carcinomas (FMC). The correlation between such alterations is of important relevance for veterinary oncology, and prospective studies are needed to validate their clinical use and that platelet count and MCHC are independent prognostic markers for FMC. The results found in this study can also be studied in human medicine, regarding blood markers in human breast cancer (HBC).

Prognostic Factors for Cancer-Specific Survival and Disease-Free Interval of Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas.

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most diagnosed neoplasms in dogs; however, there are few studies analyzing the influence of epidemiological, clinicopathological, and histopathological data on cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free interval (DFI), and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort. To contribute to the understanding of the biological behavior of this neoplasm, 385 cases were analyzed, 89% malignant, 4% benign, and 7% non-neoplastic lesions. Among the dogs diagnosed with malignant neoplasms, 86% had early clinical stages (I-III), while 14% had regional or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Carcinoma in a mixed tumor was the most frequent histological type with 44% of the cases and had the best prognosis. Analyzed factors such as the presence of pseudocyesis, previous history of the disease, advanced clinical stage (IV-V), and presence of ulceration obtained significant results for CSS, DFI, and OS through univariate analysis and had a negative impact on the survival of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that histological grading and age proved to be the best independent parameters for the prognostic evaluation of CSS and DFI in this study. These factors were also significant in the overall survival analysis. Therefore, these parameters should be considered valuable risk and prognostic factors for CMTs.

Preconditioning Methods to Improve Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Regeneration-A Systematic Review.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have long been used in research for bone regeneration, with evidence of their beneficial properties. In the segmental area of MSC-based therapies, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have also shown great therapeutic effects in several diseases, including bone healing. This study aimed to assess whether the conditioning of MSCs improves the therapeutic effects of their derived extracellular vesicles for bone regeneration. Electronic research was performed until February 2021 to recover the studies in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The studies were screened based on the inclusion criteria. Relevant information was extracted, including in vitro and in vivo experiments, and the animal studies were evaluated for risk of bias by the SYRCLE tool. A total of 463 studies were retrieved, and 18 studies met the inclusion criteria (10 studies for their in vitro analysis, and 8 studies for their in vitro and in vivo analysis). The conditioning methods reported included: osteogenic medium; dimethyloxalylglycine; dexamethasone; strontium-substituted calcium silicate; hypoxia; 3D mechanical microenvironment; and the overexpression of miR-375, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and mutant hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. The conditioning methods of MSCs in the reported studies generate exosomes able to significantly promote bone regeneration. However, heterogeneity regarding cell source, conditioning method, EV isolation and concentration, and defect model was observed among the studies. The different conditioning methods reported in this review do improve the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived EVs for bone regeneration, but they still need to be addressed in larger animal models for further clinical application.

Canine umbilical cord perivascular tissue: A source of stem cells for therapy and research.

There are numerous sources of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with therapeutic potential, and bone marrow is the main one. However, pain, lack of donors and comorbidities associated with harvesting stimulate the search for new sources of MSCs. The aim of this work is to obtain cells from umbilical cord (UC) perivascular tissue of dogs and characterize them as MSCs. For this, the UC was obtained from therapeutic cesarean sections and submitted to enzymatic digestion. The obtained cells were subjected to growth and proliferation tests, as well as the analysis of surface markers, differentiation test in three mesenchymal lineages and analysis of differentiation markers expression. From all the UC used in this study an adherent with fibroblastoid shape cell was obtained, with an initial number of 4.8 × 105 of cells. The growth curves showed a lag phase from 0 to 24 h, followed by a phase of growth of 24 to 168 h, and then phase of cell decay. The doubling time was kept around 15 h until the sixth passage, from which there were signs of cellular senescence. The differentiation assays demonstrated the ability of cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes when subjected to the induction mediums. The study of surface markers was positive for adhesion markers and negative for hematopoietic markers. Thus, cells obtained from canine UC perivascular tissue by enzymatic digestion are multipotent MSC and the protocol developed ensures the perivascular origin of these cells.

Presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Brazilian patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and in controls.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) has attracted the interest of researchers because of similarities between paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of MAP through cultures, histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on intestinal biopsies from Brazilian CD patients. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed on positive samples. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study with control group at two federal universities. METHODS: Fresh samples were collected from 25 patients; five with CD, eight with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 12 controls with non-inflammatory bowel disease (nIBD). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from 143 patients were also collected: 44 CD, 49 UC and 56 nIBD. RESULTS: None of the fresh samples was positive for MAP. Five FFPE samples (one CD, two UC and two nIBD) and three fresh samples (one in each group) were positive through IS900-PCR. qRT-PCR was performed on these eight samples. Among the FFPE samples, there were 192.12 copies/µl in the CD group, 72.28 copies/µl in UC and 81.43 copies/µl in nIBD. Among the fresh samples, there were 432.99 copies/µl, 167.92 copies/µl and 249.73 copies/µl in the CD, UC and nIBD groups, respectively. The highest bacterial load was in the CD group. CONCLUSION: This study does not provide evidence for a role of MAP in the etiology of CD, although MAP DNA was detected in all three patient groups. This is the first report of MAP presence in human intestinal biopsies in Brazil.

Ascaris suum in pigs of the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

Among the parasites that affect pigs, Ascaris suum stands out for causing the greatest losses to livestock production systems. This parasite can be monitored during the slaughter of animals through the identification of "milk spots" or white patches on the liver caused by its larval migration. However, infection in the herd is usually subclinical, which is why the presence of this parasite in industrial pig production has been overlooked. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the occurrence of milk spots on the liver of animals slaughtered in the micro-region of Ponte Nova in the Zona da Mata - Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to associate these lesions with the time of year, herd size and source of origin of the animals. An evaluation was made of 1,069 lots, totaling 108,073 animals, based on data extracted from the Federal Inspection Service. The animals were slaughtered during the period of January 2011 to June 2013. Out of the total number of slaughtered animals, 10,535 (9.75%) tested positive for these lesions. Therefore, veterinarians and producers should be warned about the inefficiency of the deworming protocols that are used, and the need to develop and/or review control strategies for this parasite in production systems.

Healing effects of formulations with extract of Sonchus oleraceus

Introduction: Scar is defined as a process of tissue regeneration characterized by fibroblasts and a disorganized extracellular matrix, formed mainly by collagen. Thus it is understood that regeneration capacity is a phenomenon that occurs in order to repair an injured tissue. However, science has been looking for alternatives to assist in the repair process, and thus phytotherapy has been used as a therapeutic resource in medicine, and scientifically proven its efficiency. The plant Sonchus oleraceus is known, among other names, as “serralha” or sowthistle. It is a cosmopolitan species, found in several agricultural regions infesting crops. In Brazil, it is more frequent to grow in the winter and its seeds can be kept viable for eight years in the soil. This plant can be used as a popular drug for diuretic proposals, in cases of anemia, liver diseases and in cases of treatment of vitiligo in the eastern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate two different products (ointment and balsam) composed by S. oleraceus in the healing of surgical wounds in rats (Rattus novergicus).Materials, Methods & Results: Sonchus oleraceus specimens were obtained at the beginning of May, during the autumnwinter season, in which there is already a flowering of this plant. The leaves and stem of S. oleraceus were selected, cleaned and dried under study at 40°C of circulating air for four days for complete dehydration, and then ground in a knife mill. The constituents were prepared in 80% alcohol (v / v) and subjected to ultrasonic extraction for 60 min. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. oleraceus was concentrated on a rotary evaporator until all alcohol evaporated and the aqueous extract was obtained. The extracts were produced at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% and sent for manipulation of the pharmaceutical formulations of ointment and salve.[...]

Healing effects of formulations with extract of Sonchus oleraceus

Introduction: Scar is defined as a process of tissue regeneration characterized by fibroblasts and a disorganized extracellular matrix, formed mainly by collagen. Thus it is understood that regeneration capacity is a phenomenon that occurs in order to repair an injured tissue. However, science has been looking for alternatives to assist in the repair process, and thus phytotherapy has been used as a therapeutic resource in medicine, and scientifically proven its efficiency. The plant Sonchus oleraceus is known, among other names, as “serralha” or sowthistle. It is a cosmopolitan species, found in several agricultural regions infesting crops. In Brazil, it is more frequent to grow in the winter and its seeds can be kept viable for eight years in the soil. This plant can be used as a popular drug for diuretic proposals, in cases of anemia, liver diseases and in cases of treatment of vitiligo in the eastern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate two different products (ointment and balsam) composed by S. oleraceus in the healing of surgical wounds in rats (Rattus novergicus).Materials, Methods & Results: Sonchus oleraceus specimens were obtained at the beginning of May, during the autumnwinter season, in which there is already a flowering of this plant. The leaves and stem of S. oleraceus were selected, cleaned and dried under study at 40°C of circulating air for four days for complete dehydration, and then ground in a knife mill. The constituents were prepared in 80% alcohol (v / v) and subjected to ultrasonic extraction for 60 min. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. oleraceus was concentrated on a rotary evaporator until all alcohol evaporated and the aqueous extract was obtained. The extracts were produced at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% and sent for manipulation of the pharmaceutical formulations of ointment and salve.[...](AU)

Biodegradable polymer nanofiber membrane for the repair of cutaneous wounds in dogs - two case reports / Membrana de nanofibras de polímeros biodegradáveis na reparação de feridas cutâneas em cães relato de dois casos

The study of wound healing and its treatment is extremely important in veterinary medicine due to the high frequency of wounds and the difficulty in treating wounds by second intention. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a nanofiber membrane made of biodegradable polymers as a method of wound treatment in dogs. This study comprised two dogs with bite wounds. Debridement and cleaning was performed followed by the application of the membrane. In one dog, the wound was in the left proximal calcaneal region with clinical signs of infection, necrotic tissue, and muscle and the gastrocnemius tendon were exposed. The wound displayed rapid formation of granulation tissue which became excessive, so it was necessary to debride several times. However, with the suspension of the use of the membrane, formation of this tissue was not observed, and the wound evolved to epithelialization and fast contraction. In the second dog, there was a deep wound on the medial aspect of the proximal right hind limb, with clinical signs of infection, with muscle exposure. Once the membrane was placed, granulation tissue formed, and the membrane was used until the level of this tissue reached the skin. The wound underwent rapid epithelialization and contraction, without developing exuberant granulation tissue. Efficient wound repair was observed and the dogs exhibited greater comfort during applicationand use of the membrane. More studies should be conducted in dogs focusing on the application of this membrane until the appearance of healthy granulation tissue, as continued use seems to stimulate the formation of exuberant granulation tissue.(AU)

O estudo da reparação e tratamento das feridas cutâneas possui extrema importância em medicina veterinária devido à alta frequência e dificuldade no tratamento por segunda intenção. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o uso da membrana de nanofibras de polímeros biodegradáveis, como alternativa no tratamento de feridas em cães. Foram incluídos no trabalho dois cães com feridas por mordedura. Foi realizado o debridamento e limpeza das feridas e a aplicação da membrana. Em um animal, a ferida em região proximal ao calcâneo esquerdo, apresentava sinais clínicos de infecção, com tecido necrótico, exposição da musculatura e do tendão gastrocnêmio. Foi observada formação rápida de tecido de granulação que se tornou exuberante, sendo necessário debridamento seriado. Porém, com a suspensão do uso da membrana a formação desse tecido não foi mais observada, evoluindo para epitelização e rápida contração. No outro animal, a ferida em face medial proximal do membro pélvico direito, era profunda, com sinais clínicos de infecção e musculatura exposta. A formação de tecido de granulação também apresentou-se rápida, utilizando-se a membrana apenas até que o nível deste tecido se igualasse ao da pele, evoluindo para rápida epitelização e contração sem formação de tecido de granulação exuberante. Foi observada reparação eficiente e com maior conforto para os pacientes durante aplicação e utilização da membrana. Acredita-se que mais estudos devam ser realizados focando a aplicação em cães até o aparecimento do tecido de granulação saudável, pois as observações deste estudo indicam possível estimulação do tecido de granulação exuberante com utilização da membrana.(AU)

Biodegradable polymer nanofiber membrane for the repair of cutaneous wounds in dogs - two case reports / Membrana de nanofibras de polímeros biodegradáveis na reparação de feridas cutâneas em cães relato de dois casos

The study of wound healing and its treatment is extremely important in veterinary medicine due to the high frequency of wounds and the difficulty in treating wounds by second intention. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a nanofiber membrane made of biodegradable polymers as a method of wound treatment in dogs. This study comprised two dogs with bite wounds. Debridement and cleaning was performed followed by the application of the membrane. In one dog, the wound was in the left proximal calcaneal region with clinical signs of infection, necrotic tissue, and muscle and the gastrocnemius tendon were exposed. The wound displayed rapid formation of granulation tissue which became excessive, so it was necessary to debride several times. However, with the suspension of the use of the membrane, formation of this tissue was not observed, and the wound evolved to epithelialization and fast contraction. In the second dog, there was a deep wound on the medial aspect of the proximal right hind limb, with clinical signs of infection, with muscle exposure. Once the membrane was placed, granulation tissue formed, and the membrane was used until the level of this tissue reached the skin. The wound underwent rapid epithelialization and contraction, without developing exuberant granulation tissue. Efficient wound repair was observed and the dogs exhibited greater comfort during applicationand use of the membrane. More studies should be conducted in dogs focusing on the application of this membrane until the appearance of healthy granulation tissue, as continued use seems to stimulate the formation of exuberant granulation tissue.

O estudo da reparação e tratamento das feridas cutâneas possui extrema importância em medicina veterinária devido à alta frequência e dificuldade no tratamento por segunda intenção. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o uso da membrana de nanofibras de polímeros biodegradáveis, como alternativa no tratamento de feridas em cães. Foram incluídos no trabalho dois cães com feridas por mordedura. Foi realizado o debridamento e limpeza das feridas e a aplicação da membrana. Em um animal, a ferida em região proximal ao calcâneo esquerdo, apresentava sinais clínicos de infecção, com tecido necrótico, exposição da musculatura e do tendão gastrocnêmio. Foi observada formação rápida de tecido de granulação que se tornou exuberante, sendo necessário debridamento seriado. Porém, com a suspensão do uso da membrana a formação desse tecido não foi mais observada, evoluindo para epitelização e rápida contração. No outro animal, a ferida em face medial proximal do membro pélvico direito, era profunda, com sinais clínicos de infecção e musculatura exposta. A formação de tecido de granulação também apresentou-se rápida, utilizando-se a membrana apenas até que o nível deste tecido se igualasse ao da pele, evoluindo para rápida epitelização e contração sem formação de tecido de granulação exuberante. Foi observada reparação eficiente e com maior conforto para os pacientes durante aplicação e utilização da membrana. Acredita-se que mais estudos devam ser realizados focando a aplicação em cães até o aparecimento do tecido de granulação saudável, pois as observações deste estudo indicam possível estimulação do tecido de granulação exuberante com utilização da membrana.

Hydroxyapatite-lignin composite as a metallic implant-bone tissue osseointegration improver: experimental study in dogs / Compósito de hidroxiapatita sintética e lignina como promotor de osseointegração entre implante metálico e tecido ósseo: estudo experimental em cães

The study aimed to evaluate biocompatibility, osteoconduction and osseointegration of a pasty composite of hydroxyapatite (20%) and lignin (80%) as a promoter of metal implant and bone tissue integration. An intramedullary Schanz pin was implanted in both tibias of fifteen bitches. In the left tibia, the pin was coated with the biomaterial at the time of surgery. Marrow cavity was also filled with the biomaterial. Right limb did not receive the biomaterial, then constituting the control group. Tibias were harvested from five animals at 8, 60 and 150 days after surgery; three of them were analyzed by histological and biomechanical assessment and the two remaining tibias by X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the biomaterial is biocompatible, with osteoconductivity and osseointegration properties. Histological analysis and diffractograms showed the presence of hydroxyapatite in samples in all periods, although the presence of organic material of low crystallinity was variable. There was no statistical difference in the forces required for removal of the biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and osseointegration, it was not able to promote a better intramedullary pin anchorage.(AU)

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a biocompatibilidade, a osteocondução e a osseointegração de um compósito pastoso de hidroxiapatita (20%) e lignina (80%) como promotor de integração entre implante metálico e tecido ósseo. Um pino intramedular de Schanz foi implantado em ambas as tíbias de quinze cadelas. Na tíbia esquerda, o pino foi coberto com o biomaterial no momento da cirurgia. A cavidade medular também foi preenchida com o biomaterial. O membro direito não recebeu o biomaterial, constituindo assim o grupo controle. As tíbias foram coletadas de cinco animais aos oito, 60 e 150 dias após a cirurgia, sendo três encaminhadas para avaliação histológica e biomecânica e as duas restantes, para difração de raios X. Os resultados revelaram biocompatibilidade do material, com propriedades de osteocondução e osseointegração. As análises histológicas e os difratogramas mostraram presença da hidroxiapatita no tecido em todos os períodos avaliados, embora a presença de material orgânico de baixa cristalinidade tenha sido variável. Não houve diferença estatística na força necessária para remoção do pino intramedular entre os tempos ou tratamentos. Embora o biomaterial tenha apresentado biocompatibilidade, osteocondutividade e osseointegração, ele não foi capaz de promover uma melhor ancoragem do pino intramedular.(AU)

Hydroxyapatite-lignin composite as a metallic implant-bone tissue osseointegration improver: experimental study in dogs / Compósito de hidroxiapatita sintética e lignina como promotor de osseointegração entre implante metálico e tecido ósseo: estudo experimental em cães

The study aimed to evaluate biocompatibility, osteoconduction and osseointegration of a pasty composite of hydroxyapatite (20%) and lignin (80%) as a promoter of metal implant and bone tissue integration. An intramedullary Schanz pin was implanted in both tibias of fifteen bitches. In the left tibia, the pin was coated with the biomaterial at the time of surgery. Marrow cavity was also filled with the biomaterial. Right limb did not receive the biomaterial, then constituting the control group. Tibias were harvested from five animals at 8, 60 and 150 days after surgery; three of them were analyzed by histological and biomechanical assessment and the two remaining tibias by X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the biomaterial is biocompatible, with osteoconductivity and osseointegration properties. Histological analysis and diffractograms showed the presence of hydroxyapatite in samples in all periods, although the presence of organic material of low crystallinity was variable. There was no statistical difference in the forces required for removal of the biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and osseointegration, it was not able to promote a better intramedullary pin anchorage.

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a biocompatibilidade, a osteocondução e a osseointegração de um compósito pastoso de hidroxiapatita (20%) e lignina (80%) como promotor de integração entre implante metálico e tecido ósseo. Um pino intramedular de Schanz foi implantado em ambas as tíbias de quinze cadelas. Na tíbia esquerda, o pino foi coberto com o biomaterial no momento da cirurgia. A cavidade medular também foi preenchida com o biomaterial. O membro direito não recebeu o biomaterial, constituindo assim o grupo controle. As tíbias foram coletadas de cinco animais aos oito, 60 e 150 dias após a cirurgia, sendo três encaminhadas para avaliação histológica e biomecânica e as duas restantes, para difração de raios X. Os resultados revelaram biocompatibilidade do material, com propriedades de osteocondução e osseointegração. As análises histológicas e os difratogramas mostraram presença da hidroxiapatita no tecido em todos os períodos avaliados, embora a presença de material orgânico de baixa cristalinidade tenha sido variável. Não houve diferença estatística na força necessária para remoção do pino intramedular entre os tempos ou tratamentos. Embora o biomaterial tenha apresentado biocompatibilidade, osteocondutividade e osseointegração, ele não foi capaz de promover uma melhor ancoragem do pino intramedular.

Presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Brazilian patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and in controls / Presença de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) em pacientes brasileiros com doença inflamatória intestinal e em controles

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) has attracted the interest of researchers because of similarities between paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of MAP through cultures, histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on intestinal biopsies from Brazilian CD patients. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed on positive samples. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study with control group at two federal universities. METHODS: Fresh samples were collected from 25 patients; five with CD, eight with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 12 controls with non-inflammatory bowel disease (nIBD). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from 143 patients were also collected: 44 CD, 49 UC and 56 nIBD. RESULTS: None of the fresh samples was positive for MAP. Five FFPE samples (one CD, two UC and two nIBD) and three fresh samples (one in each group) were positive through IS900-PCR. qRT-PCR was performed on these eight samples. Among the FFPE samples, there were 192.12 copies/μl in the CD group, 72.28 copies/μl in UC and 81.43 copies/μl in nIBD. Among the fresh samples, there were 432.99 copies/μl, 167.92 copies/μl and 249.73 copies/μl in the CD, UC and nIBD groups, respectively. The highest bacterial load was in the CD group. CONCLUSION: This study does not provide evidence for a role of MAP in the etiology of CD, although MAP DNA was detected in all three patient groups. This is the first report of MAP presence in human intestinal biopsies in Brazil.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Mycobaterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) tem atraído o interesse de pesquisadores devido às semelhanças entre a paratuberculose e a doença de Crohn (CD). Este estudo objetivou avaliar a frequência de MAP por meio de cultura, histologia e reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR), em biópsias intestinais de pacientes brasileiros com CD. PCR quantitativa em tempo real (qRT-PCR) foi realizada nas amostras positivas. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal analítico com grupo controle realizado em duas universidades federais. MÉTODOS: Amostras frescas foram coletadas de 25 pacientes; cinco com CD, oito com colite ulcerativa (UC) e 12 controles sem doença inflamatória intestinal (nIBD). Também foram coletadas 149 amostras fixadas em parafina (FFPE): 44 CD, 49 UC e 56 nIBD. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma das amostras frescas foi positiva para MAP. Cinco amostras FFPE (uma CD, duas UC e duas nIBD) e três amostras frescas (uma de cada grupo) foram positivas por IS900-PCR. qRT-PCR foi realizada nessas oito amostras. Nas amostras FFPE, havia 192,12 cópias/μl no grupo CD, 72,28 cópias/μl no UC e 81,43 cópias/μl no nIBD. Nas amostras frescas, havia 432,99 cópias/μl, 167,92 cópias/μl e 249,73 cópias/μl nos grupos CD, UC e nIBD, respectivamente. A maior carga bacteriana foi encontrada no grupo CD. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo não fornece evidências do papel de MAP na etiologia da CD, embora DNA de MAP tenha sido detectado em pacientes dos três grupos. Este é o primeiro relato da presença de MAP em biópsias intestinais humanas no Brasil.

Ascaris suum in pigs of the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil / Ascaris suum em suínos da Zona da Mata, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Among the parasites that affect pigs, Ascaris suum stands out for causing the greatest losses to livestock production systems. This parasite can be monitored during the slaughter of animals through the identification of milk spots or white patches on the liver caused by its larval migration. However, infection in the herd is usually subclinical, which is why the presence of this parasite in industrial pig production has been overlooked. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the occurrence of milk spots on the liver of animals slaughtered in the micro-region of Ponte Nova in the Zona da Mata - Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to associate these lesions with the time of year, herd size and source of origin of the animals. An evaluation was made of 1,069 lots, totaling 108,073 animals, based on data extracted from the Federal Inspection Service. The animals were slaughtered during the period of January 2011 to June 2013. Out of the total number of slaughtered animals, 10,535 (9.75%) tested positive for these lesions. Therefore, veterinarians and producers should be warned about the inefficiency of the deworming protocols that are used, and the need to develop and/or review control strategies for this parasite in production systems.

Dentre os parasitas que acometem os suínos, Ascaris suumdestaca-se como o mais impactante nos sistemas de criação. Seu monitoramento pode ser realizado durante o abate dos animais, por meio da identificação de milk spots ou manchas de leite presentes no fígado, decorrentes da sua migração larval. Entretanto devido ao fato da infecção ocorrer no rebanho normalmente de forma subclínica, a presença desse parasita na produção industrial de suínos vem sendo negligenciada. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de manchas de leite no fígado de animais abatidos na micro-região de Ponte Nova, na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais - Brasil, e associar tais lesões com a época do ano, tamanho do rebanho e local de origem dos animais. Foram avaliados 1.069 lotes, totalizando 108.073 animais. Os dados foram extraídos do Serviço de Inspeção Federal, e eram referentes aos animais abatidos, durante o período de janeiro de 2011 a junho de 2013. Do total de animais abatidos, 10.535 (9,75%) foram positivos para a lesão. Portanto, veterinários e produtores devem ser alertados quanto à ineficiência dos protocolos de vermifugação utilizados e a necessidade do desenvolvimento e/ou revisão de estratégias de controle para este parasita na produção.

Ascaris suum in pigs of the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil / Ascaris suum em suínos da Zona da Mata, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Among the parasites that affect pigs, Ascaris suum stands out for causing the greatest losses to livestock production systems. This parasite can be monitored during the slaughter of animals through the identification of milk spots or white patches on the liver caused by its larval migration. However, infection in the herd is usually subclinical, which is why the presence of this parasite in industrial pig production has been overlooked. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the occurrence of milk spots on the liver of animals slaughtered in the micro-region of Ponte Nova in the Zona da Mata - Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to associate these lesions with the time of year, herd size and source of origin of the animals. An evaluation was made of 1,069 lots, totaling 108,073 animals, based on data extracted from the Federal Inspection Service. The animals were slaughtered during the period of January 2011 to June 2013. Out of the total number of slaughtered animals, 10,535 (9.75%) tested positive for these lesions. Therefore, veterinarians and producers should be warned about the inefficiency of the deworming protocols that are used, and the need to develop and/or review control strategies for this parasite in production systems.(AU)

Dentre os parasitas que acometem os suínos, Ascaris suumdestaca-se como o mais impactante nos sistemas de criação. Seu monitoramento pode ser realizado durante o abate dos animais, por meio da identificação de milk spots ou manchas de leite presentes no fígado, decorrentes da sua migração larval. Entretanto devido ao fato da infecção ocorrer no rebanho normalmente de forma subclínica, a presença desse parasita na produção industrial de suínos vem sendo negligenciada. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de manchas de leite no fígado de animais abatidos na micro-região de Ponte Nova, na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais - Brasil, e associar tais lesões com a época do ano, tamanho do rebanho e local de origem dos animais. Foram avaliados 1.069 lotes, totalizando 108.073 animais. Os dados foram extraídos do Serviço de Inspeção Federal, e eram referentes aos animais abatidos, durante o período de janeiro de 2011 a junho de 2013. Do total de animais abatidos, 10.535 (9,75%) foram positivos para a lesão. Portanto, veterinários e produtores devem ser alertados quanto à ineficiência dos protocolos de vermifugação utilizados e a necessidade do desenvolvimento e/ou revisão de estratégias de controle para este parasita na produção.(AU)