RESUMO
During 2000 to 2009, data on people undergoing HIV testing and on those newly diagnosed with HIV were collected in a network of 20 Spanish clinics specialising in sexually transmitted infections and/or HIV testing and counselling. The number of tests performed, overall and disaggregated by different variables, was obtained. HIV prevalence among first-time testers and HIV incidence among repeat testers were calculated. To evaluate trends, joinpoint regression models were fitted. In total, 236,939 HIV tests were performed for 165,745 individuals. Overall HIV prevalence among persons seeking HIV testing was 2.5% (95% CI: 2.4 to 2.6). Prevalence was highest in male sex workers who had sex with other men (19.0% (95% CI: 16.7 to 21.4)) and was lowest in female sex workers (0.8% (95% CI: 0.7 to 0.9)). Significant trends in prevalence were observed in men who have sex with men (MSM) (increasing) and heterosexual individuals (decreasing). The incidence analysis included 30,679 persons, 64,104 person-years (py) of follow-up and 642 seroconversions. The overall incidence rate (IR) was 1.0/100 py (95% CI: 0.9/100 to 1.1/100). Incidence was significantly higher in men and transgender females than in women (1.8/100 py (95% CI: 1.6 to 1.9), 1.2/100 py (95% CI: 0.5 to 2.8) and 0.1/100 py (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.2) respectively) and increased with age until 3539 years. IRs in MSM and people who inject drugs were significantly greater than in heterosexual individuals (2.5/100 py (95% CI: 2.3 to 2.7), 1.6/100 py (95% CI: 1.1 to 2.2) and 0.1/100 py (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.2) respectively), and an upward trend was observed in MSM. Our results call for HIV prevention to be reinforced in MSM and transgender women in Spain.
Assuntos
Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Soroprevalência de HIV/tendências , Heterossexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Profissionais do Sexo , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa , Pessoas Transgênero , Populações Vulneráveis , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Complete rupture of the hamstring muscles is a rare injury. The proximal musculo-tendinous junction is the most frequent site of rupture. We present two cases of complete rupture of the distal semimembranosus tendon, which clinically presented as soft-tissue masses. MR imaging permitted the correct diagnosis. There has been only one other such case reported.
Assuntos
Traumatismos da Perna/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Traumatismos dos Tendões/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atrofia Muscular , RupturaRESUMO
A case of bilateral renal lymphangiomatosis in an asymptomatic 50-year-old female is presented. Ultrasound and CT studies were performed. A finely septated fluid collection surrounding both kidneys and traversing the midline was found. Surgical biopsy was obtained and revealed findings compatible with lymphangiomatosis. A review of the literature of renal lymphangiomatosis is given.