First isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Shewanella algae strain from a swine farm in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Infections caused by Shewanella spp. have been increasingly reported worldwide. The advances in genomic sciences have enabled better understanding about the taxonomy and epidemiology of this agent. However, the scarcity of DNA sequencing data is still an obstacle for understanding the genus and its association with infections in humans and animals. RESULTS: In this study, we report the first isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Shewanella algae strain from a swine farm in Brazil using the boot sock method, as well as the resistance profile of this strain to antimicrobials. The isolate was first identified as Shewanella putrefaciens, but after whole-genome sequencing it showed greater similarity with Shewanella algae. The strain showed resistance to 46.7% of the antimicrobials tested, and 26 resistance genes were identified in the genome. CONCLUSIONS: This report supports research made with Shewanella spp. and gives a step forward for understanding its taxonomy and epidemiology. It also highlights the risk of emerging pathogens with high resistance to antimicrobial formulas that are important to public health.

Lipolytic and proteolytic activity of Pseudomonas spp. isolated during milking and storage of refrigerated raw milk.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to verify the presence of lipolytic and proteolytic Pseudomonas spp. during milking and storage of refrigerated raw milk. We also intended to compare samples collected during rainy and dry seasons, from farms with manual and mechanical milking systems. For this, samples of milkers' hands, cows' teats, water, expansion tanks, equipment, and utensils used during milking were analyzed regarding Pseudomonas spp. COUNT: Positive samples were tested for the production of lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes. Microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas were isolated from all sampling points. A higher isolation rate of the bacterium was found in the rainy season except for 6 sampling points, with all of these associated with mechanical milking systems. Pseudomonas spp. exhibiting lipolytic activity were found to be predominant during the dry season, since no activity was detected during the rainy season in 26 of the 29 sampling sites. The highest number of lipolytic Pseudomonas isolates was obtained from water. Presence of lipase-producing Pseudomonas spp. was verified in 7 and 36% of the samples collected from farms with manual and mechanical milking, respectively. When analyzing raw milk collected from expansion tanks immediately (0 h) and 24h after milking, we observed that for dairy properties with manual milking process, 10% of the Pseudomonas isolates were positive for lipolytic activity. The percentage increased to 12% 48h after milking. Mean averages were 32, 33, and 39% immediately after, 24 and 48h after milking, respectively, for farms with mechanical milking. All sampling points showed the presence of proteolytic strains of Pseudomonas. The highest proteolytic activity was found during the rainy season, except for the samples collected from milkers' hands before milking, buckets, and teat cup inner surfaces after milking and from the water in dairy farms with mechanical milking system. Of these samples, 72, 56, and 50%, respectively, were positive for proteolysis during the dry season. For the water samples, a statistical difference was observed between mechanical (50%) and manual (7%) milking systems in the percentage of proteolytic activity. No production of proteolytic enzyme was detected in the samples from milkers' hands taken after milking and no statistically significant difference was found among manual (19.91%) and mechanical (47.85%) milking. During the rainy months, no proteolysis was detected in the samples taken from cows' teats after the predipping. It is evident, therefore, that preventive measures capable of minimizing the contamination with Pseudomonas spp. during milking and storage of refrigerated raw milk are needed, regardless of season.

Effect of Castor and Cashew Nut Shell Oils, Selenium and Vitamin E as Antioxidants on the Health and Meat Stability of Lambs Fed a High-Concentrate Diet.

Functional oils are known for their compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, and are used in ruminant nutrition as alternatives to chemicals in order to improve performance. This study aimed to compare the influence of castor and cashew nut shell oils with pure organic selenium (hydroxy-selenomethionine) plus vitamin E, which are known and well-stablished antioxidants, on the performance traits, shelf life and microbial quality of the meat, physiological functions and oxidative stress control of lambs. Thirty-two Dorper x Santa Ines lambs (initial bodyweight of 22.42 ± 3.9 kg and 60 days of age) were submitted to a diet consisting of Cynodon dactylon hay (6%) and concentrate (94%). The animals were divided into four treatments: control, without additives; functional oils (FO), 0.50 g/kg DM of castor and cashew nut shell oils; hydroxy-selenomethionine and vitamin E (SeE), 0.50 mg/kg of organic selenium and 100 IU/kg DM of vitamin E; FO plus SeE, at the same doses as the other groups. Blood samples were collected after 1, 30 and 53 days on feed. After 54 days, the lambs were slaughtered and rumen health, carcass and meat traits, shelf life, and microbiological quality were evaluated. There were no differences in performance or carcass traits. A higher muscle and serum Se concentration (p < 0.0001), lower lipid peroxidation in meat during display (p < 0.0001), and a lower count of psychrotrophic microorganisms on day 5 were observed in the SeE and FO plus SeE groups. The treatments reduced the counts of Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus spp. FO animals showed higher GSH-Px activity on day 30, while the peroxidase activity was higher in FO plus SeE animals (p = 0.035). SeE and FO plus SeE animals had lower serum ALT and AST levels. Functional oils improved the microbiological quality of meat. Hydroxy-selenomethionine and vitamin E prevented oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and microbial spoilage.

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Pasteurella spp isolated from the oral cavity of domestic cats / Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais frente a isolados de Pasteurella spp oriundos da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos

Pasteurella spp. have been identified predominantly in the oral microbiota of domestic cats. However, Pasteurella spp. was significantly more prevalent in cats with inflammatory oral disease; and consequently, it was considered as part of the etiology in this disease. In addition, in animals, Pasteurella spp. have become increasingly resistant to a large number of antimicrobials. Natural products, especially essential oils, could contribute to minimizing this issue. This study determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of six essential oils against Pasteurella spp. isolates from the oral cavity of domestic cats. Our results showed that essential oils with better antimicrobial effectiveness against most of the Pasteurella isolates were lemongrass, tea tree and clove, with inhibition values between 50 to 800 µg mL-¹. All essential oils showed bacteriostatic activity against the species of Pasteurella isolated from the domestic cats. These results suggested that lemongrass, tea tree and clove oils have potential to be used in products for oral hygiene and treatment of oral infections in domestic cats.

O gênero Pasteurella spp., considerado um comensal da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos, vem sendo, nos últimos anos, apontado como possível agente etiológico de quadros inflamatórios crônicos bucais em felinos. Ademais, em animais, as espécies de Pasteurella têm apresentado cada vez mais resistência a um grande número de antimicrobianos de uso rotineiro. Nesse contexto, os produtos naturais, como óleos essenciais com potencial antimicrobiano tem sido alvo de estudos e apontados como alternativa terapêutica. Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar a Concentração Mínima Inibitória (CMI) e da Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) de seis óleos essenciais frente a isolados de Pasteurella spp. oriundos da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos. Dos óleos essenciais testados, o capim-limão, tea tree, cravo e a camomila romana apresentaram ação bacteriostática frente aos isolados de Pasteurella spp. Contudo, os óleos de capim-limão, tea-tree e cravo apresentaram os melhores resultados, com valores de inibitórios entre 50 a 800 µg mL-¹. Esses resultados sugerem que os óleos de capim-limão, tea tree e cravo têm potencial para serem utilizados como produtos para higiene bucal e para o tratamento de infecções da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos.

First isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Shewanella algae strain from a swine farm in Brazil

Background Infections caused by Shewanella spp. have been increasingly reported worldwide. The advances in genomic sciences have enabled better understanding about the taxonomy and epidemiology of this agent. However, the scarcity of DNA sequencing data is still an obstacle for understanding the genus and its association with infections in humans and animals. Results In this study, we report the first isolation and whole-genome sequencing of a Shewanella algae strain from a swine farm in Brazil using the boot sock method, as well as the resistance profile of this strain to antimicrobials. The isolate was first identified as Shewanella putrefaciens, but after whole-genome sequencing it showed greater similarity with Shewanella algae. The strain showed resistance to 46.7% of the antimicrobials tested, and 26 resistance genes were identified in the genome. Conclusions This report supports research made with Shewanella spp. and gives a step forward for understanding its taxonomy and epidemiology. It also highlights the risk of emerging pathogens with high resistance to antimicrobial formulas that are important to public health.

Desempenho e morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo aditivos alternativos a antimicrobianos / Performance and intestinal morphology of broilers of cut fed with rations containing alternative additive instead of antimicrobials

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de um prebiótico e de um probiótico sobre o desempenho e morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte, atuando como aditivos alternativos a antimicrobianos. Foram utilizados 960 pintos de corte, criados sobre cama reutilizada. O delineamento era inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos: Antibiótico (Avilamicina); Prebiótico (MOS); Probiótico (poolbacteriano); Controle (sem aditivo), sendo 8 repetições/tratamento. Considerando-se o período total de criação, os aditivos alternativos testados pioraram o GP em relação ao antibiótico não demonstrando efeito sobre o ganho de peso (GP) e consumo de ração (CR). Por suavez, a conversão alimentar (CA) dos tratamentos com aditivos alternativos foi similar à do antibiótico, entretanto, não diferiu do controle. Não foi possível observar efeito benéfico dos aditivos alternativos testados sobre a morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte.(AU)

This study evaluated the effect of a prebiotic (MOS) and of a probiotic(bacterial pool), acting as alternative additives instead of antibiotics, on the performance and on the intestinal morphology of broilers. In this experiment, 960 chicks were used on litter previously used. The birds were randomly assigned to four different treatments: Antibiotic; Prebiotic; Probiotic; and the control treatment, with eight repetitions for each treatment. For the whole breeding period (42 days) the alternative additives did not show any effect on the weight gain and feed intake. The feed conversion in the alternative additives groups was similar to that of the antibiotic group, however, it was not significantly different from that of the control group. It was not possible to observe any beneficial effect of the alternative additives,used in this essay, on the intestinal morphology of broilers.(AU)

Efeito da adição de fitase associada a diferentes níveis de proteína bruta e fósforo disponível sobre o desempenho e excreção de proteína bruta de frangos de corte / Effect of phytase supplementation with different levels of crude protein and available phosphorum on performance and crude protein excretion of broiler chickens

Foram utilizados 504 pintos de linhagem comercial para frangos de corte (Ag Ross 308) de 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em 12 tratamentos com seis repetições. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados em esquema factorial de 2x2x3, com dois níveis de fósforo disponível (0,45 e 0,34%), dois níveis de fitase (0 e 1200FTU/kg) e três níveis de proteína bruta (22,5; 20,5 e 18,5%). Houveum aumento do peso das aves que receberam dietas contendo a enzimafitase embora não tenha afetado a conversão alimentar. O consumo não foi afetado pelos níveis de proteína bruta quando ocorreu a suplementação com fitase. A proteína bruta excretada foi reduzida com a suplementação de fitase (33,36 vs. 31,83%). A enzima Fitase afetou o consumo médio diário e o ganho de peso. Níveis crescentes de proteína bruta na ração ocasionaram maior excreção de proteínabruta, e a suplementação de fitase foi eficiente na redução da proteína bruta excretada.(AU)

It was used 504 (five hundred four) 1 day old male chicks, of a commercial broiler line (Ag Ross 308), distributed in 12 treatments,with 6 replicates per treatment. The experimental design was casually blocked and treatments were organized in a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement: two phosphorus levels (0.45 and 0.34%), two phytase inclusion levels (0 and 1200 FTU/kg) and three protein levels (22.5;20.5 and 18.5%). Body weight gain was observed in birds fed diets with phytase supplementation although it hasnt affected the feed conversion ratio. Feed intake wasnt affected by the low protein levels with added phytase. Crude protein excreted was lower with phytase supplementation (33.36 vs 31.83%). Phytase enzyme affected dairy feed intake and body weight gain. Crude protein crescent levels on diet caused increased crude protein excretion, and phytase supplementation was efficient reducing crude protein excreted.(AU)

Efeito da adição de fitase associada a diferentes níveis de proteína bruta e fósforo disponível sobre o desempenho e excreção de proteína bruta de frangos de corte / Effect of phytase supplementation with different levels of crude proteinand available phosphorum on performance and crude protein excretion of broiler chickens

Foram utilizados 504 pintos de linhagem comercial para frangos de corte (Ag Ross 308) de 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em 12 tratamentos com seis repetições. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados em esquema factorial de 2x2x3, com dois níveis de fósforo disponível (0,45 e 0,34%), dois níveis de fitase (0 e 1200FTU/kg) e três níveis de proteína bruta (22,5; 20,5 e 18,5%). Houveum aumento do peso das aves que receberam dietas contendo a enzimafitase embora não tenha afetado a conversão alimentar. O consumo não foi afetado pelos níveis de proteína bruta quando ocorreu a suplementação com fitase. A proteína bruta excretada foi reduzida com a suplementação de fitase (33,36 vs. 31,83%). A enzima Fitase afetou o consumo médio diário e o ganho de peso. Níveis crescentes de proteína bruta na ração ocasionaram maior excreção de proteínabruta, e a suplementação de fitase foi eficiente na redução da proteína bruta excretada.

It was used 504 (five hundred four) 1 day old male chicks, of a commercial broiler line (Ag Ross 308), distributed in 12 treatments,with 6 replicates per treatment. The experimental design was casually blocked and treatments were organized in a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement: two phosphorus levels (0.45 and 0.34%), two phytase inclusion levels (0 and 1200 FTU/kg) and three protein levels (22.5;20.5 and 18.5%). Body weight gain was observed in birds fed diets with phytase supplementation although it hasn’t affected the feed conversion ratio. Feed intake wasn’t affected by the low protein levels with added phytase. Crude protein excreted was lower with phytase supplementation (33.36 vs 31.83%). Phytase enzyme affected dairy feed intake and body weight gain. Crude protein crescent levels on diet caused increased crude protein excretion, and phytase supplementation was efficient reducing crude protein excreted

Ação do ácido indol-3-acético sobre Staphylococcus aureus / Action of acid indole-3-acetic acido on Staphylococcus aureus

O objetivo foi avaliar a ação do ácido indol-3-acético (AIA) na ausência e presença da peroxidase de raiz forte (HRP) sobre a viabilidade de cepas certificadas de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (produtora de biofilme), ATCC 14458 (portadora do gene seb), ATCC 43300 (portadora do gene mecA) e ATCC 29213 (controle). Foi determinada a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e, após, escolheu-se uma concentração subinitória para avaliar a capacidade de formação de biofilme, atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, integridade de DNA, integridade de membrana para todas as cepas e avaliação da expressão do gene seb da cepa ATCC 14458. A CIM observada foi de 40 mM de AIA para cepa ATCC 6538, 60 mM para ATCC 43300,50 mM para ATCC 14458 e ATCC 29213. No entanto, houve diferença significativa (P<0,05), na presença de HRP, somente para as cepas ATCC 14458 e 43300. A concentração subinibitória de AIA utilizada foi de 30 mM para ATCC 6538 e ATCC 14458, e de 40 mM para ATCC 43300 e ATCC 29213.mM. A capacidade de formação de biofilme pelo S. aureus(biofilme positivo) não foi alterada pela presença de AIA ou AIA/HRP. A atividade específica de catalase e superóxido dismutase foi aumentada pela ação de AIA/HRP (P<0,05) para todas as cepas, porém, não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre AIA e AIA/HRP. O DNA manteve-se íntegro, porém, houve diminuição na integridade de membrana (P<0,05) para todas as cepas cultivadas na concentração subinibitória de AIA, sendo este efeito potencializado na presença de HRP somente para ATCC 43300. Houve redução na expressão do gene seb da cepa ATCC 14458 (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o AIA, associado à HRP apresenta efeito bacteriostático em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus portadoras de diferentes fatores de virulência. (AU)

The objective was to evaluate the action of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the absence and presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the viability of certified strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (producer of biofilm), ATCC 14458 (carrying the seb gene), ATCC 43300 (carrying the mecA gene) and ATCC29213 (control). Concentration was determined minimum inhibitory (CIM) and, after, we chose a concentration subinitória to assess the ability of biofilm formation, activity of antioxidant enzymes, integrity DNA, membrane integrity for all strains and evaluation of gene expression seb of strain ATCC 14458. The MIC for the strains ATCC 6538 was 40 mM IAA , for the strains ATCC 14458 and 29213 was 50 mM and for the strain ATCC 43300 was 60 mM IAA, however, significant differences (P<0.05) compared to the addition of HRP to the culture medium, was found only for the doses of MIC of the strains ATCC14458 and 43300. The concentration subinibitória IAA used was 30 mM for ATCC 6538 and ATCC 14458, and 40 mM to ATCC 43300 and ATCC 29213.mM for ATCC 6538 and ATCC 14458, and 50 mM to ATCC 43300 and ATCC 29213.The ability of biofilm formation by S. aureus(biofilm-positive) was not altered by the presence of IAA or IAA/HRP in the culture medium. The activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was influenced by the action of IAA and IAA/HRP (P<0.05), but there was no difference (P≥0.05) between IAA and IAA/HRP. The DNA remained intact, however, there were changes (P<0.05) in the membrane integrity of microorganisms to sub-inhibitory concentrations of IAA and IAA/HRP, as well as the expression of the sebgene was lower (P<0.05) in microorganisms treated with IAA and IAA/HRP. It is concluded that the IAA has bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus carrying different virulence factors. (AU)

Ação do ácido indol-3-acético sobre Staphylococcus aureus / Action of acid indole-3-acetic acido on Staphylococcus aureus

O objetivo foi avaliar a ação do ácido indol-3-acético (AIA) na ausência e presença da peroxidase de raiz forte (HRP) sobre a viabilidade de cepas certificadas de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (produtora de biofilme), ATCC 14458 (portadora do gene seb), ATCC 43300 (portadora do gene mecA) e ATCC 29213 (controle). Foi determinada a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e, após, escolheu-se uma concentração subinitória para avaliar a capacidade de formação de biofilme, atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, integridade de DNA, integridade de membrana para todas as cepas e avaliação da expressão do gene seb da cepa ATCC 14458. A CIM observada foi de 40 mM de AIA para cepa ATCC 6538, 60 mM para ATCC 43300,50 mM para ATCC 14458 e ATCC 29213. No entanto, houve diferença significativa (P0,05) entre AIA e AIA/HRP. O DNA manteve-se íntegro, porém, houve diminuição na integridade de membrana (P<0,05) para todas as cepas cultivadas na concentração subinibitória de AIA, sendo este efeito potencializado na presença de HRP somente para ATCC 43300. Houve redução na expressão do gene seb da cepa ATCC 14458 (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o AIA, associado à HRP apresenta efeito bacteriostático em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus portadoras de diferentes fatores de virulência.

The objective was to evaluate the action of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the absence and presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the viability of certified strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (producer of biofilm), ATCC 14458 (carrying the seb gene), ATCC 43300 (carrying the mecA gene) and ATCC29213 (control). Concentration was determined minimum inhibitory (CIM) and, after, we chose a concentration subinitória to assess the ability of biofilm formation, activity of antioxidant enzymes, integrity DNA, membrane integrity for all strains and evaluation of gene expression seb of strain ATCC 14458. The MIC for the strains ATCC 6538 was 40 mM IAA , for the strains ATCC 14458 and 29213 was 50 mM and for the strain ATCC 43300 was 60 mM IAA, however, significant differences (P<0.05) compared to the addition of HRP to the culture medium, was found only for the doses of MIC of the strains ATCC14458 and 43300. The concentration subinibitória IAA used was 30 mM for ATCC 6538 and ATCC 14458, and 40 mM to ATCC 43300 and ATCC 29213.mM for ATCC 6538 and ATCC 14458, and 50 mM to ATCC 43300 and ATCC 29213.The ability of biofilm formation by S. aureus(biofilm-positive) was not altered by the presence of IAA or IAA/HRP in the culture medium. The activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was influenced by the action of IAA and IAA/HRP (P<0.05), but there was no difference (P≥0.05) between IAA and IAA/HRP. The DNA remained intact, however, there were changes (P<0.05) in the membrane integrity of microorganisms to sub-inhibitory concentrations of IAA and IAA/HRP, as well as the expression of the sebgene was lower (P<0.05) in microorganisms treated with IAA and IAA/HRP. It is concluded that the IAA has bacteriostatic effect on S. aureus carrying different virulence factors.

Efeito da adição de fitase associada a baixos níveis de proteína bruta e fósforo disponível em rações de frangos de corte / Effect of phytase supplementation on broiler chickens fed low crude protein and available phosphorus levels diet

A baixa disponibilidade do ácido fítico para os animais não ruminantes tem incrementado as pesquisas quanto ao uso da enzima fitase. Pesquisas têm sido realizadas com a adição de fitase em rações para frangos de corte e têm demonstrado resultados favoráveis sobre o aproveitamento do fósforo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes como aminoácidos e proteína. Para se avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de rações contendo níveis reduzidos de proteína bruta e fósforo disponível com adição da enzima fitase sobre o desempenho, excretas e parâmetros ósseos em frangos de corte no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade foram utilizados 504 pintos de corte, machos, de linhagem comercial de frangos de corte, de 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em 12 tratamentos com seis repetições cada. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados e os tratamentos foram organizados de acordo com um esquema fatorial 2x2x3: dois níveis de fósforo disponível, dois níveis de fitase e três níveis de proteína bruta. Houve um aumento do peso das aves que receberam dietas contendo a enzima fitase embora não tenha afetado a conversão alimentar. O consumo não foi afetado pelos níveis de proteína bruta quando ocorreu a suplementação com fitase. A porcentagem de fósforo nas excretas diminuiu com o nível intermediário de proteína bruta (20,5%) com a adição de fitase (1,15 vs. 1,03%). A proteína bruta excretada foi reduzida com a suplementação de fitase (33,36 vs. 31,83%). A enzima fitase atua de forma significativa na dieta à base de milho e farelo de soja com baixos níveis de proteína bruta e fósforo disponível para frangos de corte

The low phytic acid availability to nonruminant animals has increased the researches about the phytase enzyme use. Researches have been realized with phytase addition in broiler diets and they demonstrated favorable results on phosphorus utilization and nutrients digestibility as amino acids and protein. To evaluate the effects of feeding low levels of crude protein and available phosphorus diets supplemented with phytase on performance, feces and bone parameters on broiler chickens over a 21 days period, it was used 504 (five hundred four) 1 day old male chicks, of a commercial broiler line, distributed in 12 treatments, with 6 replicates per treatment. The experimental design was casually blocked and treatments were organized in a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement: two phosphorus levels, two phytase inclusion levels and three protein levels. Body weight gain (BWG) was observed in birds fed diets with phytase supplementation although it hasn\'t affected the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Feed intake (FI) wasn\'t affected by the low protein levels with added phytase. Phosphorus percentage in excretion decreased with the intermediary protein level (20.5%) when phytase was added (1.15 vs 1.03%). Crude protein excreted was lower with phytase supplementation (33.36 vs 31.83%). Phytase enzyme acts in a significant way on broilers fed a corn-soybean diet with low levels of crude protein and available phosphorus

Desempenho e morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte alimentados com rações contendo aditivos alternativos a antimicrobianos / Performance and intestinal morphology of broilers of cut fed with rations containing alternative additive instead of antimicrobials

Este estudo avaliou o efeito de um prebiótico e de um probiótico sobre o desempenho e morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte, atuando como aditivos alternativos a antimicrobianos. Foram utilizados 960 pintos de corte, criados sobre cama reutilizada. O delineamento era inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos: Antibiótico (Avilamicina); Prebiótico (MOS); Probiótico (poolbacteriano); Controle (sem aditivo), sendo 8 repetições/tratamento. Considerando-se o período total de criação, os aditivos alternativos testados pioraram o GP em relação ao antibiótico não demonstrando efeito sobre o ganho de peso (GP) e consumo de ração (CR). Por suavez, a conversão alimentar (CA) dos tratamentos com aditivos alternativos foi similar à do antibiótico, entretanto, não diferiu do controle. Não foi possível observar efeito benéfico dos aditivos alternativos testados sobre a morfologia intestinal de frangos de corte.

This study evaluated the effect of a prebiotic (MOS) and of a probiotic(bacterial pool), acting as alternative additives instead of antibiotics, on the performance and on the intestinal morphology of broilers. In this experiment, 960 chicks were used on litter previously used. The birds were randomly assigned to four different treatments: Antibiotic; Prebiotic; Probiotic; and the control treatment, with eight repetitions for each treatment. For the whole breeding period (42 days) the alternative additives did not show any effect on the weight gain and feed intake. The feed conversion in the alternative additives groups was similar to that of the antibiotic group, however, it was not significantly different from that of the control group. It was not possible to observe any beneficial effect of the alternative additives,used in this essay, on the intestinal morphology of broilers.