RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although there is adequate knowledge as to the role of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on stroke incidence, knowledge of other risk factors, particularly genetic ones, is still incomplete. METHODS: To assess the participation of some polymorphisms, along with other modifiable risk factors, a case-control study was conducted. A total of 253 cases were identified in the emergency room of a general regional hospital, with a clinical trait of stroke confirmed by a skull computerized axial tomography scan. In the surgery ward, 253 controls were identified, gender and age (±5 years) matched. Biochemical parameters were measured, and 4 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction, rs1801133 (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR]), rs1498373 (dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase type 1 [DDAH1]), rs662799 (apolipoprotein A5 [APOA5]), and rs1799983 (endothelial nitric oxide). Odds ratios were estimated to assess the strength of association, with 95% confidence intervals, both in a matched case-control analysis and in a conditional regression analysis. RESULTS: Cases had higher mean blood pressure and triglycerides and lower hemoglobin levels. Heterozygous and homozygous subjects to the rs1801133 variant of the MTHFR gene had a 3-fold higher risk of stroke. In the dominant model, those with the polymorphism rs662799 of the promoter region for APOA5 had twice the risk of stroke. Anemia increased the risk of stroke 4-fold. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms of the genes MTHFR (rs1801133) and APOA5 (rs662799), as well as anemia, are independent risk factors for stroke in Mexicans, together with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as high triglycerides and high blood pressure.