Thermally and Photoinduced Spin-Crossover Behavior in Iron(II)-Silver(I) Cyanido-Bridged Coordination Polymers Bearing Acetylpyridine Ligands.

We report two new cyanido-bridged Fe(II)-Ag(I) coordination polymers using different acetylpyridine isomers, {Fe(4acpy)2[Ag(CN)2]2} 1 and {Fe(3acpy)[Ag(CN)2]2} 2 (4acpy = 4-acetylpyridine; 3acpy = 3-acetylpyridine) displaying thermally and photoinduced spin crossover (SCO). In both cases, the acetylpyridine ligand directs the coordination polymer structure and the SCO of the materials. Using 4-acetylpyridine, a two-dimensional (2D) structure is observed in 1 made of layers stacked on each other by silver-ketone interactions leading to a complete SCO and reversible thermally and photoswitching of the magnetic and optical properties. Changing the acetyl group to a 3-position, a completely different structure is obtained for 2. The unexpected coordination of the carbonyl group to the Fe(II) centers induces a three-dimensional (3D) structure, leading to statistical disorder around the Fe(II) with three different coordination spheres, [N6], [N4O2], and [N5O]. This disorder gives rise to an incomplete thermally induced SCO with a poor photoswitchability. These results demonstrate that the choice of the acetyl position on the pyridine dictates the structural characteristics of the compounds with a direct impact on the SCO behavior. Remarkably, this work opens interesting perspectives for the future design of Fe-Ag cyanido coordination polymers with judiciously substituted pyridine ligands to tune the thermally and photoinduced SCO properties.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with a new Schiff base containing phenylboronic acid residues: application to the development of a bienzymatic glucose biosensor using a response surface methodology approach.

An innovative supramolecular architecture is reported for bienzymatic glucose biosensing based on the use of a nanohybrid made of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) non-covalently functionalized with a Schiff base modified with two phenylboronic acid residues (SB-dBA) as platform for the site-specific immobilization of the glycoproteins glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The analytical signal was obtained from amperometric experiments at - 0.050 V in the presence of 5.0 × 10-4 M hydroquinone as redox mediator. The concentration of GOx and HRP and the interaction time between the enzymes and the nanohybrid MWCNT-SB-dBA deposited at glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were optimized through a central composite design (CCD)/response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal concentrations of GOx and HRP were 3.0 mg mL-1 and 1.50 mg mL-1, respectively, while the optimum interaction time was 3.0 min. The bienzymatic biosensor presented a sensitivity of (24 ± 2) × 102 µA dL mg-1 ((44 ± 4) × 102 µA M-1), a linear range between 0.06 mg dL-1 and 21.6 mg dL-1 (3.1 µM-1.2 mM) (R2 = 0.9991), and detection and quantification limits of 0.02 mg dL-1 (1.0 µM) and 0.06 mg dL-1 (3.1 µM), respectively. The reproducibility for five sensors prepared with the same MWCNT-SB-dBA nanohybrid was 6.3%, while the reproducibility for sensors prepared with five different nanohybrids and five electrodes each was 7.9%. The GCE/MWCNT-SB-dBA/GOx-HRP was successfully used for the quantification of glucose in artificial human urine and commercial human serum samples.

Substitution Effect on the Charge Transfer Processes in Organo-Imido Lindqvist-Polyoxomolybdate.

Two new aromatic organo-imido polyoxometalates with an electron donor triazole group ([n-Bu4N]2[Mo6O18NC6H4N3C2H2]) (1) and a highly conjugated fluorene ([n-Bu4N]2[Mo6O18NC13H9]) (2) have been obtained. The electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of several organo-imido systems were studied. These properties were analysed by the theoretical study of the redox potentials and by means of the excitation analysis, in order to understand the effect on the substitution of the organo-imido fragment and the effect of the interaction to a metal centre. Our results show a bathochromic shift related to the charge transfer processes induced by the increase of the conjugated character of the organic fragment. The cathodic shift obtained from the electrochemical studies reflects that the electronic communication and conjugation between the organic and inorganic fragments is the main reason of this phenomenon.

Single-Molecule Magnet Properties of Transition-Metal Ions Encapsulated in Lacunary Polyoxometalates: A Theoretical Study.

Single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties of transition-metal complexes coordinated to lacunary polyoxometalates (POM) are studied by means of state of the art ab initio methodology. Three [M(γ-SiW10O36)2] (M = Mn(III), Fe(III), Co(II)) complexes synthesized by Sato et al. (Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 4081-4084) are analyzed in detail. SMM properties for the Co(II) and Mn(III) systems can be rationalized due to the presence of low-energy excitations in the case of Co(II), which are much higher in energy in the case of Mn(III). The magnetic behavior of both cases is consistent with simple d-orbital splitting considerations. The case of the Fe(III) complex is special, as it presents a sizable demagnetization barrier for a high-spin d(5) configuration, which should be magnetically isotropic. We conclude that a plausible explanation for this behavior is related to the presence of low-lying quartet and doublet states from the iron(III) center. This scenario is supported by ab initio ligand field analysis based on complete active space self-consistent field results, which picture a d-orbital splitting that resembles more a square-planar geometry than an octahedral one, stabilizing lower multiplicity states. This coordination environment is sustained by the rigidity of the POM ligand, which imposes a longer axial bond distance to the inner oxygen atom in comparison to the more external, equatorial donor atoms.

1D magnetic interactions in Cu(II) oxovanadium phosphates (VPO), magnetic susceptibility, DFT, and single-crystal EPR.

We report the crystal face indexing and molecular spatial orientation, magnetic properties, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of two previously reported oxovanadium phosphates functionalized with Cu(II) complexes, namely, [Cu(bipy)(VO2)(PO4)]n (1) and [{Cu(phen)}2(VO2(H2O)2)(H2PO4)2 (PO4)]n (2), where bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, obtained by a new synthetic route allowing the growth of single crystals appropriate for the EPR measurements. Compounds 1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic group P1̅ and in the orthorhombic Pccn group, respectively, containing dinuclear copper units connected by two -O-P-O- bridges in 1 and by a single -O-P-O- bridge in 2, further connected through -O-P-O-V-O- bridges. We emphasize in our work the structural aspects related to the chemical paths that determine the magnetic properties. Magnetic susceptibility data indicate bulk antiferromagnetism for both compounds, allowing to calculate J = -43.0 cm(-1) (dCu-Cu = 5.07 Å; J defined as Hex(i,j) = -J Si·Sj), considering dinuclear units for 1, and J = -1.44 cm(-1) (dCu-Cu = 3.47 Å) using the molecular field approximation for 2. The single-crystal EPR study allows evaluation of the g matrices, which provide a better understanding of the electronic structure. The absence of structure of the EPR spectra arising from the dinuclear character of the compounds allows estimation of weak additional exchange couplings |J'| > 0.3 cm(-1) for 1 (dCu-Cu = 5.54 Å) and a smaller value of |J'| ≥ 0.15 cm(-1) for 2 (dCu-Cu = 6.59 Å). DFT calculations allow evaluating two different exchange couplings for each compound, specifically, J = -36.60 cm(-1) (dCu-Cu = 5.07 Å) and J' = 0.20 cm(-1) (dCu-Cu =5.54 Å) for 1 and J = -1.10 cm(-1) (dCu-Cu =3.47 Å) and J' = 0.01 cm(-1) (dCu-Cu = 6.59 Å) for 2, this last value being in the range of the uncertainties of the calculations. Thus, these values are in good agreement with those provided by magnetic and single-crystal EPR measurements.

Iron-Reduced Graphene Oxide Core-Shell Micromotors Designed for Magnetic Guidance and Photothermal Therapy under Second Near-Infrared Light.

Core-shell micro/nanomotors have garnered significant interest in biomedicine owing to their versatile task-performing capabilities. However, their effectiveness for photothermal therapy (PTT) still faces challenges because of their poor tumor accumulation, lower light-to-heat conversion, and due to the limited penetration of near-infrared (NIR) light. In this study, we present a novel core-shell micromotor that combines magnetic and photothermal properties. It is synthesized via the template-assisted electrodeposition of iron (Fe) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on a microtubular pore-shaped membrane. The resulting Fe-rGO micromotor consists of a core of oval-shaped zero-valent iron nanoparticles with large magnetization. At the same time, the outer layer has a uniform reduced graphene oxide (rGO) topography. Combined, these Fe-rGO core-shell micromotors respond to magnetic forces and near-infrared (NIR) light (1064 nm), achieving a remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency of 78% at a concentration of 434 µg mL-1. They can also carry doxorubicin (DOX) and rapidly release it upon NIR irradiation. Additionally, preliminary results regarding the biocompatibility of these micromotors through in vitro tests on a 3D breast cancer model demonstrate low cytotoxicity and strong accumulation. These promising results suggest that such Fe-rGO core-shell micromotors could hold great potential for combined photothermal therapy.

A new strategy to build electrochemical enzymatic biosensors using a nanohybrid material based on carbon nanotubes and a rationally designed schiff base containing boronic acid.

We report a nanohybrid material obtained by non-covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the new ligand (((1E,1'E)-(naphthalene-2,3-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidenedene)) bis(4-hydroxy-3,1-phenylene))diboronic acid (SB-dBA), rationally designed to mimic some recognition properties of biomolecules like concanavalin A, for the development of electrochemical biosensors based on the use of glycobiomolecules as biorecognition element. We present, as a proof-of-concept, a hydrogen peroxide biosensor obtained by anchoring horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with the nanohybrid prepared by sonication of 2.0 mg mL-1 MWCNTs and 0.50 mg mL-1 SB-dBA in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) for 30 min. The hydrogen peroxide biosensing was performed at -0.050 V in the presence of 5.0 × 10-4 M hydroquinone. The analytical characteristics of the resulting biosensor are the following: linear range between 0.175 µM and 6.12 µM, detection limit of 58 nM, and reproducibility of 2.0 % using the same nanohybrid (6 biosensors), and 9.0 % using three different nanohybrids. The sensor was successfully used to quantify hydrogen peroxide in enriched milk and human blood serum samples and in a commercial disinfector.

Unusual conformation of a dinuclear paddle wheel copper(II) complex. Synthesis, structural characterization and EPR studies.

An unusual and unique conformation of a paddle wheel type binuclear copper(II) complex containing acetate and acetamido ligands, {Cu2(µ2-O2CCH3)4}(OCNH2CH3) (1), was obtained by solvothermal synthesis. The structural characterization of this compound shows that the apical (acetamido) ligands are disposed at a 62° dihedral angle, generating a special conformation as a consequence of the synthetic method used. This conformation has not been reported in other paddle wheel copper(II) tetraacetate compounds. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of powder samples of (1) were obtained at 9.5 and 33.8 GHz, while single crystal spectra were obtained at 33.8 GHz with a B0 applied in three orthogonal planes. The fit of the single crystal experimental data allowed gave g∥ = 2.345 ± 0.003, and g⊥ = 2.057 ± 0.005. The angular variation of the EPR line allows evaluation of the fine structure of (1), giving D = -0.337 ± 0.002 cm(-1) and E = -0.005 ± 0.001 cm(-1). The line width angular dependence, used together with the Anderson model and Kubo-Tomita theory, permitted the interdimer interaction to be evaluated as |J'| = (0.051 ± 0.002) cm(-1). Using the powder spectral temperature dependence it was possible to evaluate the intradinuclear exchange coupling constan J0 as -101 ± 2 cm(-1), which is considerably lower than that reported for other analogous copper(II) tetraacetate paddle wheel compounds (Cu(II)-PW), showing the remarkable effect of the conformation of the terminal ligands on the magnetic interaction.

The layered structure of poly[[hexaaqua(µ4-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylato)dicopper(II)] tetrahydrate].

In the structure of the title compound, {[Cu2(C10H2O8)(H2O)6]·4H2O}n, the benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate ligand, (btec)(4-), is located on a crystallographic inversion centre in a µ4-coordination mode. The coordination environment of each pentacoordinated Cu(II) centre is square pyramidal (SBP), formed by three water molecules and two carboxylate O atoms from two different (btec)(4-) ligands. The completely deprotonated (btec)(4-) ligand coordinates in a monodentate mode to four Cu(II) atoms. The alternation of (btec)(4-) ligands and SBP Cu(II) centres leads to the formation of a planar two-dimensional covalent network of parallelograms, parallel to the ab plane. Hydrogen bonds between a basal water molecule and an apical one from an adjacent [Cu(btec)0.5(H2O)3] unit exist in the intralayer space. Hydrogen bonds are also present between the two-dimensional network and the water molecules filling the channels in the structure.

catena-Poly[tris(µ3-acetylacetonato)nickelate(II)sodium(I)].

The title complex, [NaNi(C5H7O2)3]n, contains an anionic tris(acetylacetonato)nickelate(II) unit, [Ni(acac)3](-) (acac is acetylacetonate), with a highly regular octahedral coordination geometry. The Ni(II) cation lies on a Wyckoff a site, resulting in D3 symmetry of the anion. Charge balance is provided by sodium cations, which occupy Wyckoff type b sites. Each sodium cation is surrounded by two [Ni(acac)3](-) anions, each of which is connected to the alkali metal through three O atoms, in a fac configuration. This arrangement leads to the formation of linear [Na{Ni(acac)3}]n chains along the c axis. The Ni···Na distance is 2.9211 (10) Å. The title complex is one of the few examples of heterometallic systems based on alkali and transition metal cations bridged by acetylacetonate ligands.

A new hybrid organic-inorganic chain: [(phen)Cu-µ-(κ2O:O'-VP2O10H3)2-Cu(phen)]n.

The structure of the title compound, poly[(dihydrogenphosphato-κO)(µ(3)-hydrogenphosphato)di-µ-oxido-(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II)vanadium(V)], [CuV(HPO(4))(H(2)PO(4))O(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))](n), is defined by [(phen)Cu-µ-(κ(2)O:O'-VP(2)O(10)H(3))(2)-Cu(phen)] units (phen is 1,10-phenanthroline), which are connected to neighbouring units through vanadyl bridges. Neighbouring chains have no covalent bonds between them, although they interdigitate through the phen groups via π-π interactions.

The Human Dermis as a Target of Nanoparticles for Treating Skin Conditions.

Skin has a preventive role against any damage raised by harmful microorganisms and physical and chemical assaults from the external environment that could affect the body's internal organs. Dermis represents the main section of the skin, and its contribution to skin physiology is critical due to its diverse cellularity, vasculature, and release of molecular mediators involved in the extracellular matrix maintenance and modulation of the immune response. Skin structure and complexity limit the transport of substances, promoting the study of different types of nanoparticles that penetrate the skin layers under different mechanisms intended for skin illness treatments and dermo-cosmetic applications. In this work, we present a detailed morphological description of the dermis in terms of its structures and resident cells. Furthermore, we analyze the role of the dermis in regulating skin homeostasis and its alterations in pathophysiological conditions, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Additionally, we describe the use of nanoparticles for skin illness treatments focused on dermis release and promote the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as an integrative strategy for skin treatments.

Exchange interactions through π-π stacking in the lamellar compound [{Cu(bipy)(en)}{Cu(bipy)(H2O)}{VO3}4]n.

Structural, magnetic, and powder and single-crystal electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were performed on [{Cu(bipy)(en)}{Cu(bipy)(H(2)O)}{VO(3)}(4)](n) (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, en = ethylenediamine), which is a new copper-vanadium hybrid organic-inorganic compound containing Cu(II) and V(V) centers. The oxovanadium units provide an anionic scaffolding to the structure, where two types of Cu(II) coordination modes, octahedral (Cu1) and square pyramidal (Cu2), contribute to the magnetic properties. The crystal structure contains layers including Cu1 and Cu2 ions, separated by stacked arrangements of 2,2'-bipyridine molecules. Each type of Cu(II) ion in these layers forms parallel spin chains described by exchange coupling parameters J(1) and J(2) for Cu1 and Cu2, respectively (exchange couplings defined as H(ex)(i,j) = -J(ij)S(i)S(j)), which, for necessity, are assumed to be equal to J. These chains are coupled by much weaker Cu1-Cu2 exchange interactions J(3) connecting neighbor Cu1 and Cu2 ions within a layer, through paths acting as rungs of a ladder chain structure. The average coupling J, which is antiferromagnetic (J < 0), according to the susceptibility data, is estimated with similar results with a mean field approximation (J = -1.4 cm(-1)), and with a uniform chain model (J = -1.7 cm(-1)). The EPR spectra of powdered samples and oriented single crystals are shown to be independent of J(1) and J(2), but are dependent on the weak coupling J(3), and the data allow a lower limit to be established: |J(3)| > 0.04 cm(-1). The spectra are also strongly sensitive to extremely weak coupling interactions with average magnitude J(4) between copper atoms in neighboring layers, separated by ∼10 Å, using the stacked 2,2'-bipyridine molecules, which produce a 2D-to-3D quantum phase transition. This is observed in single-crystal samples when the energy levels are changed with the orientation of the magnetic field. From the characteristics of these transitions, we estimate a value of |J(4)| = 0.0034 ± 0.0004 cm(-1) between Cu(II) ions in neighboring layers. This work emphasizes the important possibilities of EPR to evaluate extremely small exchange couplings between metal ions in a solid material, even in the presence of other much larger couplings.

New Highly Charged Iron(III) Metal-Organic Cube Stabilized by a Bulky Amine.

In this work, we report a new octanuclear cluster based on FeIII and the ligand 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, [Et3NH]12[Fe8(IDC)12]·10DMF·13H2O (1), with a metal core containing eight FeIII connected by only one type of organic ligand. A peak at 573 m/z in the mass spectra of the compound suggests the adduct species {[Fe8(IDC)12]+8H}4-. By X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the oxidation state of the iron cation was confirmed to be 3+, also identifying the presence of a quaternary nitrogen species, which act as a countercation of the anionic metal core [Fe8(IDC)12]12-. Mössbauer spectra recorded at different temperatures show an isomer shift and quadrupole splitting parameters that confirm the existence of only FeIII-HS in the structure of 1. X-ray analysis reveals that compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system space group Ibam, confirming a molecular cluster structure with an almost regular cube as geometry, with the FeIII atoms located at the corners of the cube and connected by µ-1κ2 N,O:2κ2 N',O‴-IDC3- bridges. Additionally, the magnetic measurements reveal a weak antiferromagnetic coupling in the Fe8 III coordination cluster (J = -3.8 cm-1). To the best of our knowledge, 1 is the first member of the family of cubes assembled with 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid and FeIII cation, exhibiting high pH stability over a broad pH range, making it an ideal candidate for the design of supramolecular structures and metal-organic frameworks.

Co0 superparamagnetic nanoparticles stabilized by an organic layer coating with antimicrobial activity.

Cobalt (Co) is one of the most promising materials in nanotechnology due to its superior magnetic properties. However, due to the high cytotoxicity of cobalt, the activity in biological systems has been little studied. In this work, we report the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of cobalt nanoparticles stabilized with an organic layer (Co0@C-NPs) and its potential antimicrobial activity. The Co0@C-NPs were obtained from solvothermal conditions and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, electronic microscopy, and magnetic measurements. The organic layer was analysed by thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. From the TEM image, an organic coating layer is observed around Co0 where this coating prevents NPs from oxidation allowing it to remain stable until 400 °C. Surface composition studies by SEM/EDS allowed the identification of carbon, oxygen, and cobalt elements present in the organic layer. This result was corroborated later by FITR analysis. Preliminary antibacterial properties were also investigated, which showed that the cobalt nanoparticles are active against Staphylococcus aureus after 1 h of exposure. The superparamagnetic properties and organic coating Co0@C-NPs could be biocompatible with biological systems, but more research is needed to apply these nanoparticles in biomedical products.

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of a new chiral manganese(II) three-dimensional framework: Na(3)[Mn(3)(HCOO)(9)].

A structural and magnetic characterization of a trinuclear chiral Mn(II) formate three-dimensional framework exhibiting a triangular arrangement is presented. Compound Na(3)[Mn(3)(HCOO)(9)] was obtained by solvothermal synthesis and crystallizes in the chiral cubic space group P2(1)3 and is well described by a Delta conformation. The structure displays triangular Mn(3) building blocks, in which the metal centers are bonded by formate ligands in a syn-anti mode (Mn-Mn 5.697(1) A). The coordination sphere of manganese(II) is completed by six oxygen atoms from six formate ligands, resulting in an octahedral geometry. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed antiferromagnetic interactions at high temperature and a strongly field dependent magnetic behavior below 40 K. At fields higher than 1.0 kOe only the antiferromagnetic interactions can be observed. At applied fields lower than 1.0 kOe magnetic susceptibility becomes irreversible with maxima observed at 22 and 34 K. These maxima suggest a weak ferromagnetic behavior because of spin canting, allowed by the presence of the noncentrosymmetric syn-anti HCOO bridges linking the Mn sites. This non-collinear antiferromagnetism and irreversible behavior can be due to the existence of a high degree of frustration in this unique lattice composed of linked triangular arrangements of interacting magnetic centers.

Mononuclear and polynuclear copper(II) complexes derived from pyridylalkylaminomethylphenol polypodal ligands.

Four mononuclear complexes [Cu(HL(1))Cl]PF(6).CH(3)OH (1), [Cu(HSL(1))Cl]PF(6).0.75H(2)O (2), [Cu(HL(2))Cl]PF(6).CH (3)OH (3), [Cu(HSL(2))Cl]PF(6).1.5CH(3)OH (4), and two polynuclear complexes [Cu (2)(SL(2))(2)](PF(6))(2).2CH(3)OH (5) and {Cu[Cu(SL(2))(Cl)](2)}(PF(6))(2) (6) (HL(1): 2-[(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-amino)methyl]-4-methylphenol; HSL(1): 2-[(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino) methyl]-4-methyl-6-(methyl-thio)phenol; HL(2): 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)(2'-pyridylethyl)-aminomethyl)]-4-methylphenol; HSL(2): 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)(2'-pyridylethyl)amino-methyl]-4-methyl-6-(methylthio)phenol were obtained and characterized. The crystal structures of the mononuclear complexes 1-4 show the copper centers in a square-base pyramidal environment with the phenolic oxygen coordinated at the axial position. Dinuclear complex 5 has two copper centers with different geometry and bridged by phenoxo oxygens; one of the copper atoms is square pyramidal while the other can be described with a highly distorted octahedral geometry with a long Cu-S distance (2.867 A). Density functional theory calculations were used to obtain the reported structure of 6, since single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were not isolated. Magnetic studies done for 5 and 6 show an antiferromagnetic behavior for 5 (J = -134 cm(-1)) and a ferromagnetic behavior for 6 (J = +11.9 cm(-1)). Redox potentials for the mononuclear complexes were measured by cyclic voltammetry; the values show the effect of the chelating ring size (-213 mV and -142 mV for Cu-HL(1) and Cu-HL(2), respectively) and the presence of the thiomethyl substituent (-213 mV and -184 mV for Cu-HL(1) and Cu-HSL(1), respectively).

Hybrid organic-inorganic mononuclear lanthanoid single ion magnets.

The first family of hybrid mononuclear organic-inorganic lanthanoid complexes is reported, based on [PW11O39]7- and 1,10-phenanthroline ligands. This hybrid approach causes a dramatic improvement of the relaxation time (×1000) with a decrease of the optimal field while maintaining the Ueff of the inorganic analogues.

Retraction: Ni2[LnCl6] (Ln = EuII, CeII, GdII): the first LnII compounds stabilized in a pure inorganic lattice.

Retraction of 'Ni2[LnCl6] (Ln = EuII, CeII, GdII): the first LnII compounds stabilized in a pure inorganic lattice' by Bianca Baldo et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 7531-7534.

2-(2-Pyridylamino)pyridinium tetra-chlorido-zincate(II).

The structure of the title compound, (C(10)H(10)N(3))(2)[ZnCl(4)], is composed of C(10)H(9)N(3)H(+) (DPAH(+)) cations and [ZnCl(4)](2-) anions. The two pyridyl rings of DPAH(+) are approximately coplanar, with a dihedral angle of 7.2 (2)° between their corresponding least-squares planes. The proton is disordered in a one-to-one ratio over the two chemically equivalent pyridyl N atoms. An intra-molecular hydrogen bond is formed between the pyridinium H atom and the pyridyl N atom of the other pyridyl ring. The Zn atom lies on a twofold rotation axis. There are also some weak N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. These inter-actions lead to the formation of an alternating zigzag chain in the solid state. The results clearly show that reducing agents normally used in hydro-thermal syntheses, such as metallic zinc employed here, are also active in terms of coordination chemistry.