RESUMO
Background: Prior to the onset of dementia, individuals commonly undergo a phase marked by subtle cognitive changes, known as subtle cognitive decline. Recognizing these early cognitive alterations is crucial, as they can serve as indicators of an impending decline in cognitive function, warranting timely intervention and support. Objectives: To determine the incidence of subtle cognitive decline in a population of Spanish women and establish the relationship with possible protective and/or risk factors such as cognitive reserve, cardiovascular risk factors, medication consumption and psychosocial factors. Design and participants: This is a cross-sectional observational study with women from the general population and a more homogeneous population composed of nuns from the Valencian region (Spain). Measurements: A validated questionnaire was used including lifestyle variables, chronic illnesses, level of education and pharmacological treatments. Three validated subtle cognitive decline screening tests with varying levels of sensitivity and specificity were used: Memory Impairment Screening, Pfeiffer's Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire, and Semantic Verbal Fluency. Results: Our results suggest that nuns may have a significantly reduced risk of cognitive decline compared to the general population (20.67% in nuns vs. 36.63% in the general population). This lower risk for subtle cognitive decline in nuns may be partly attributed to their higher cognitive reserve and long-time engagement in intellectually stimulating activities. Additionally, nuns tend to adopt healthy lifestyles, they are not isolated because they live in community and obtained lower scores for risk factors such as depression, anticholinergic burden, and benzodiazepine consumption. Conclusion: A healthy lifestyle combined with intellectually stimulating activities is related with preserved cognitive function.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Humanos , Feminino , Espanha/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Atividades Cotidianas , Estilo de Vida , ReligiãoRESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el perfil del consumo de fármacos para el tratamiento de la depresión, ansiedad y trastornos del sueño en jóvenes menores de 30 años. Para ello se realiza un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante encuestas autocumplimentadas (n=486) y posterior tratamiento estadístico de los datos. Entre los resultados más importantes, señalaremos que la tasa de consumo de antidepresivos, ansiolíticos e hipnóticos fue del 19,8%. En un 44,0% de los casos la duración del tratamiento para la depresión fue inferior a tres meses, mientras que los tratamientos para ansiedad y trastornos del sueño duraron más de tres meses en un 30,7% y un 16,7%, respectivamente. En los tratamientos de la depresión se detectó un mayor consumo por indicación del psiquiatra que por el médico de familia. La mayor tasa de automedicación hallada fue la correspondiente a los tratamientos para trastornos del sueño (46,3%). En suma, hemos detectado un consumo de psicofármacos en jóvenes elevado y superior al encontrado en estudios realizados anteriormente en España. La falta de adherencia a tratamiento antidepresivo, la elevada prevalencia en el consumo de ansiolíticos o de hipnóticos durante períodos superiores a lo recomendable y la automedicación detectada en los jóvenes hacen necesaria la aplicación de la Atención Farmacéutica en este grupo poblacional (AU)
The present study aims to evaluate the use of drugs for depression anxiety and sleep disorders in people under 30 years of age. We carried out a transversal descriptive study using a questionnaire (n=486) and statistical analysis of the data obtained. Amongst the more interesting results we would like to pint out to the fact that the prevalence in the use of anti-depressive drugs, anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotic drugs was of 19,8%. Among those who used drugs for treatment of depression, 44,0 % use them for less than three months, whereas in 30,7% of those taking anxiolytics and in 16,7% of the population taking sedatives-hypnotics the treatment lasted over three months. We also found out that the anti-depressive drugs were prescribed more often by psychiatrists than by the general practitioners and that the highest rate of self-medication (46,3%) was amongst users of sleeping pills. In this study we report high use of psychopharmacologic agents in youths and higher than that found in previous studies in Spain. Lack of adherence to the long-term treatment with anti-depressive drugs together with a high percentage of long-term use of anxiolytics and sedatives as well as the amount of self-medication detected make the implantation of pharmaceutical care in the youth using these drugs a sheer necessity (AU)