Post-translational modifications in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

The increasing attention towards diabetic cardiomyopathy as a distinctive complication of diabetes mellitus has highlighted the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and targeted treatment approaches in clinical practice. Ongoing research is gradually unravelling the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, with a particular emphasis on investigating various post-translational modifications. These modifications dynamically regulate protein function in response to changes in the internal and external environment, and their disturbance of homeostasis holds significant relevance for the development of chronic ailments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the common post-translational modifications involved in the initiation and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, including O-GlcNAcylation, phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Additionally, the review discusses drug development strategies for targeting key post-translational modification targets, such as agonists, inhibitors and PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimaera) technology that targets E3 ubiquitin ligases.

Sources, fate and influencing factors of nitrate in farmland drainage ditches of the irrigation area.

Global irrigation areas face the contradictory challenges of controlling nitrate inputs and ensuring food-safe production. To prevent and control nitrate pollution in irrigation areas, the study using the Yellow River basin (Ningxia section) of China as a case study, employed nitrogen and oxygen dual isotope tracing and extensive field investigations to analyze the sources, fate, and influencing factors of nitrate in agricultural drainage ditches. The results of source tracing of nitrate showed that annual proportions of nitrate sources entering the Yellow River in the ditches are as follows: for manure & sewage, fertilizer, and natural sources, the ratios are 33%, 35%, and 32% overall. The results of nitrate fate showed that nitrates derived from nitrate fertilizer exhibit a lower residual rate in drainage ditches (ecological ditches) compared to ammonium fertilizer, which can undergo self-ecological restoration within one year. The results of influencing factors showed that crops with high water and nutrient requirements, such as vegetables, the nitrate pollution and environmental harm resulting from "exploitative cultivation" are five times more than normal cultivation practices in dryland and paddy fields, especially winter irrigation without crop interception exacerbates the leaching of nitrate from the soil. Therefore, nitrate management in irrigation areas should focus on preventing and controlling "exploitative cultivation" and losses during winter irrigation, while appropriately adjusting the application ratio of ammonium nitrogen fertilizers. The results of the study can guide strategies to mitigate nitrate pollution in irrigated areas such as livestock farming, fertilizer application, irrigation management, ditch optimization, and crop cultivation.

The Au/Ag alloy nanoshuttle-TiO2 nanostructure with enhanced H2 production under visible light and inactivation analysis.

Plasmonic noble metal has been applied in photocatalytic materials, and TiO2 with plasmonic noble metal has been studied for a long time. In this work, we have fabricated incomplete covered Au/Ag alloy nanoshuttle-TiO2 nanomaterials with 268.7 µmol g-1 h-1 H2-evolution in a simple solution method. The considerable photocatalytic performance is mainly due to the enhanced surface plasmon resonance effect of Au/Ag alloy nanoshuttles. It has been found that TiO2 clusters attached to the Au/Ag nanoshuttles surface migrate under electrons irradiation and cover the exposed Au/Ag NS surface to achieve thermodynamic stability, which results in instability of photocatalytic performance. The mechanism has been discussed in detail.

Facile synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride via copolymerization of melamine and TCNQ for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been regarded as an intriguing photocatalyst applying to hydrogen generation but suffering rapid recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs and insufficient absorption under visible light. We developed a novel one-pot thermal copolymerization method of melamine as a precursor and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a comonomer to synthesize modified g-C3N4 (abbreviated as X% TCNQ) for the first time, aiming to directly incorporate TCNQ molecular into carbon nitride skeleton for the substitution of low-electronegative carbon for high-electronegative nitride atom. Results revealed that the as-prepared photocatalysts by copolymerization of melamine with TCNQ retained the original framework of g-C3N4, and dramatically altered the electronic and optical properties of carbon nitride. Various measurements confirmed that as-synthesized samples exhibited larger specific surface areas, faster photogenerated charge transfer and broader optical absorption by decreasing the π-deficiency and extending the π-conjugated system, thus facilitating the photocatalytic activity. Specifically, the 0.3% TCNQ exhibited as high as seven times than the pristine g-C3N4 on photocatalytic H2 generation and kept its photoactivity for five circles. This work highlights a feasible approach of chemical protocols for the molecular design to synthesize functional carbon nitride photocatalysts by copolymerizing appropriate g-C3N4 precursor and comonomers.

Intravenous sodium valproate for acute migraine in the emergency department: A meta-analysis.

The role of intravenous sodium valproate (iVPA) in acute migraine attack has not been completely established. The aim of this updated review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of iVPA in patients with acute migraine in the emergency department. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was improvement of headache intensity and headache relief. The need for rescue therapy, recurrence of headache, and number of adverse events was also assessed. Seven double-blinded RCTs involving 682 patients were analyzed. Overall, patients receiving iVPA had less improvement of headache intensity (SMD: -0.39, 95% CI: -0.73 to -0.06, P = .02) and lower rate of headache relief (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.77, P = .002) than those receiving other active comparators. In addition, iVPA increased the odds of rescue therapy compared with other active drugs (OR: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.96 to 7.20, P < .0001). Subgroup analysis showed that iVPA was comparable to dexamethasone, with similar improvement of headache intensity, and recurrence of headache. For migraine without aura, we found no significant difference in headache intensity improvement when iVPA was compared with active comparators (SMD: -0.00, 95% CI: -0.54 to 0.54, P = 1.00). iVPA was inferior to the studied comparators and was comparable to dexamethasone for aborting migraine attack. Based on the available evidence, iVPA may be a reasonable alternative or salvage therapy. In particular, iVPA might be a promising agent for migraine with aura and migraine status.

Impact of right-to-left shunt and transcatheter closure on the clinical features of migraine.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of right-to-left shunt (RLS) presence on the clinical features of migraine and to follow-up on the post-operative curative effect of transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure on migraine features.Methods: A total of 103 migraine patients were divided into a mild volume RLS group, moderate volume RLS group, large volume RLS group and non-RLS group in accordance with contrast enhancement transcranial Doppler (c-TCD) findings. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, migraine frequency, migraine duration, migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) and headache impact test-6 (HIT-6) scores were compared amongst the different groups. A total of 39 patients with moderate or large RLS received transcatheter PFO closure and those patients were followed up by the same criteria.Results: The attack frequency, HIT-6 and MIDAS scores amongst the migraine patients with moderate or large RLS were significantly higher than those in patients from the mild RLS group and non-RLS group (p < .05). The transcatheter closure was successful in all patients (n = 39), and no post-operative complications were observed during the hospitalisation and follow-up period. The differences in VAS, HIT-6 and MIDAS scores as well as the headache duration were statistically significant amongst patients before and after PFO closure (p < .05).Conclusions: Moderate to large RLS significantly influenced the clinical features of migraine, and transcatheter PFO closure could significantly relieve headache symptoms in migraine patients with PFO.

Enhanced photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanorods by electrostatic self-assembly with reduced graphene oxide.

A series of ZnO nanorod (NR)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites (NCs) (i.e., ZnO-rGO NCs) with varying rGO loadings were fabricated by electrostatic self-assembly of positively charged ZnO NRs with negatively charged graphene oxide (GO), followed by the hydrothermal reduction of GO to rGO. When compared with bare ZnO NRs, ZnO-5% rGO exhibited significant photoactivity 6 times higher in the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB), and 2 times higher than ZnO-5% rGO(H) synthesized by hard integration of GO and ZnO NRs. In the same manner, ZnO-5% rGO exhibited a significant photoactivity 3 times higher in photodegrading phenol, which is 2 times higher than ZnO-5% rGO(H). Furthermore, the adsorption properties of ZnO-rGO NCs towards RhB and phenol were significantly different as a result of the opposite charges of the two pollutants in aqueous solution, which also led to the formation of different key free radicals during the degradation reaction. Based on various characterization techniques, it is concluded that the enhanced photoactivity and photostability of ZnO-5% rGO originated from the synergistic effects between ZnO NRs and rGO nanosheets including higher specific surface area, enhanced photogenerated carrier separation, and strengthened protection effects from intimate rGO coupling. However, these synergistic effects were weaker in ZnO-5% rGO(H) which reflects the key importance of surface charge modification in producing a well-contacted interface.

Plasma Levels of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Visfatin During Different Stages and Different Subtypes of Migraine Headaches.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the plasma levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and visfatin in different stages and different subtypes of migraine headaches compared to a control group to elucidate the pathological mechanisms involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited a case-control cohort of 182 adult migraine patients and 80 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls. The migraine patients were divided into two groups: the headache-attack-period group (Group A, n=77) and the headache-free-period group (Group B, n=105). The two groups were further divided into subgroups according to whether they had aura symptoms. Solid phase double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the plasma levels of COX-2 and visfatin. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0. RESULTS The plasma levels of COX-2 and visfatin in the headache-attack-period group were significantly higher than in the headache-free-period group and the control group; there were no significant differences between the headache-free group and the control group. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of COX-2 and visfatin between the subgroups: headache-attack-period with aura subgroup and the headache-attack-period without aura sub group. CONCLUSIONS COX-2 and visfatin participated in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches. The presence of aura had no effect on the serum levels of COX-2 and visfatin.

Recombination in truncated genome sequences of porcine circovirus type 2.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causal agent of a serious disease found in pigs. Here, we report the first detection of truncated genome sequences of PCV2 strain ZJ-R, with the genomic region encoding part of Rep and Cap with a nonviral insertion. To our knowledge, the genome of ZJ-R represents the first PCV2 DNA with a coding insertion. The PCV2 ZJ-R genome is 694 nucleotides long and has two main open reading frames. The whole genome sequence of ZJ-R may facilitate further study of the origin and evolution of PCV2.

Association of serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6 with migraine.

To investigate the associations of serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) with migraine and migraine subtypes, and to study their correlation with each other in this condition. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum levels of ICAM1 and IL-6 in 103 migraine patients with and without aura, in both attack and pain-free periods, and in 100 healthy control subjects. Serum levels of ICAM1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in migraine patients during attacks than in controls (p < 0.05). Serum ICAM1 levels were significantly higher in migraine with aura (MA) than in migraine without aura (MO), (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between serum levels of ICAM1 and IL-6 (p < 0.05) in migraine patients during attacks. Our results indicate that ICAM1 and IL-6 are involved in the pathogenesis of migraine attacks, possibly via an interactive mechanism.

[Efficacy comparison between 5 mg perindopril arginine salt and 4 mg perindopril tert-butylamine salt for patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 5 mg perindopril arginine salt and 4 mg perindopril tert-butylamine salt for patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. METHODS: The study was designed as multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active controlled trial with two parallel groups enrolling 524 participants with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After 2-week run-in period, 186 patients were enrolled and randomly treated with 5 mg perindopril arginine salt and 183 patients were enrolled and randomly treated with 4 mg perindopril tert-butylamine salt. The random sequence was generated by the I.R.I.S., and a balance was made in each center. After double-blind treatment for 8 weeks, the dose could be doubled for patients with uncontrolled BP ((SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg) and patients were treated for another 4 weeks. RESULTS: The sitting SBP was similarly decreased by (19.9 ± 17.2) mmHg in perindopril arginine group and (18.5 ± 14.7) mmHg (P = 0.000 5) in perindopril tert-butylamine group post 8 weeks treatment. Dose was doubled in 109 patients (59.9%) in perindopril arginine group and 116 patients (63.7%) in perindopril tert-butylamine group. At 12 weeks post therapy, the sitting SBP decreased by (19.8 ± 16.2) and (19.6 ± 16.3) mmHg respectively in the 2 groups. The decrease of sitting DBP was also similar in both groups (-12.0 ± 10.0) mmHg and (-11.0 ± 8.9) mmHg (P < 0.000 1), respectively. The control rate or response rate was also similar between the two groups (control rate over 8 weeks was 38.5% vs. 31.3%, 95% CI (-2.6-16.9), control rate over 12 weeks was 36.3% vs. 35.7%, 95% CI (-9.3-10.4), response rate over 8 weeks was 64.3% vs. 63.2%, 95% CI (-8.8-11.0), response rate over 12 weeks was 65.9% vs. 64.8%, 95% CI (-8.7-10.9)). Incidence of adverse events was low and similar in both therapy groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that perindopril arginine salt 5 mg is as efficient as perindopril tert-butylamine 4 mg on lowering BP for patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Both drugs have good safety profile and are well tolerated by patients in this cohort.

Transcriptional analysis of porcine circovirus-like virus P1.

BACKGROUND: Recently identified porcine circovirus-like virus P1 has the smallest DNA viral genome. In this study, we identified the viral genes and their corresponding mRNA transcripts. RESULTS: The RNAs of P1, synthesized in porcine kidney cells, were examined with northern blotting and PCR analyses. Eight virus-specific RNAs were detected. Four mRNAs (open reading frames (ORFs) 1, 2, 4, and 5) are encoded by the viral (-) strand and four (ORFs 3, 6, 7, and 8) are encoded by the viral (+) strand. All proteins encoded by the ORFs of the P1 virus are less than 50 amino acids in length, except that encoded by ORF1 (113 amino acids). CONCLUSIONS: We show a very complex viral transcription pattern in P1-infected cells.

Interlayer sp3 Bonds and Chirality at Bilayer Graphene Oxide/Calcium Silicate Hydrate Abnormally Enhance Its Interlayer Stress Transfer.

Graphene oxide (GO) is an ideal reinforcing material with super design capability, which can achieve the combination of strength and toughness. However, the actual effect of GO is far below the theoretical prediction. This is mainly due to the weak interface between the nanofiller and the matrix. In this paper, a controllable method for improving interlayer stress transfer of double-layer graphene oxide/C-S-H (D-GO-CSH)-layered nanostructures is proposed by using interlayer sp3 bond and chirality. The results show that, compared with the control group, the normalized shear stress and normalized pull-out energy of the OH-sp3 model are increased by 44.93 and 49.25%, respectively, while those of the OO-sp3 model are increased by 32.26 and 31.03%, respectively. The interlayer sp3 bonds lead to a great enhancement (more than 3 times) in normalized interlayer stress transfer of D-GO-CSH-layered nanostructures while exerting a little opposite effect (about 5%). The improvement effects induced by the interlayer sp3 bonds are also strongly dependent on their distributions and the chirality of GO. According to the fracture mechanic theory and molecular dynamics results, the strain energy percentage difference (bond length and bond angle) of the zigzag-cen model is 34.8% lower than that of the control group model, which proves that the interlayer sp3 bonds have a remarkably positive effect on the interlayer stress transfer of D-GO-CSH-layered nanostructures. This provides a new way to further improve the interlayer stress transfer, pull-out energy, and interlayer shear stress of D-GO-CSH-layered nanostructures.

Unraveling wheat's response to salt stress during early growth stages through transcriptomic analysis and co-expression network profiling.

BACKGROUND: Soil salinization is one of the vital factors threatening the world's food security. To reveal the biological mechanism of response to salt stress in wheat, this study was conducted to resolve the transcription level difference to salt stress between CM6005 (salt-tolerant) and KN9204 (salt-sensitive) at the germination and seedling stage. RESULTS: To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance in wheat, we conducted comprehensive transcriptome analyses at the seedling and germination stages. Two wheat cultivars, CM6005 (salt-tolerant) and KN9204 (salt-sensitive) were subjected to salt treatment, resulting in a total of 24 transcriptomes. Through expression-network analysis, we identified 17 modules, 16 and 13 of which highly correlate with salt tolerance-related phenotypes in the germination and seedling stages, respectively. Moreover, we identified candidate Hub genes associated with specific modules and explored their regulatory relationships using co-expression data. Enrichment analysis revealed specific enrichment of gibberellin-related terms and pathways in CM6005, highlighting the potential importance of gibberellin regulation in enhancing salt tolerance. In contrast, KN9204 exhibited specific enrichment in glutathione-related terms and activities, suggesting the involvement of glutathione-mediated antioxidant mechanisms in conferring resistance to salt stress. Additionally, glucose transport was found to be a fundamental mechanism for salt tolerance during wheat seedling and germination stages, indicating its potential universality in wheat. Wheat plants improve their resilience and productivity by utilizing adaptive mechanisms like adjusting osmotic balance, bolstering antioxidant defenses, accumulating compatible solutes, altering root morphology, and regulating hormones, enabling them to better withstand extended periods of salt stress. CONCLUSION: Through utilizing transcriptome-level analysis employing WGCNA, we have revealed a potential regulatory mechanism that governs the response to salt stress and recovery in wheat cultivars. Furthermore, we have identified key candidate central genes that play a crucial role in this mechanism. These central genes are likely to be vital components within the gene expression network associated with salt tolerance. The findings of this study strongly support the molecular breeding of salt-tolerant wheat, particularly by utilizing the genetic advancements based on CM6005 and KN9204.

[Epidemiological study on developmental delay of 18-month-old children from four districts/counties in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate epidemiological characteristics of prevalence, impact factors and etiology on developmental delay of 18-month-old children from four districts/counties in Beijing. METHODS: An epidemiological study on developmental delay was designed to investigate all the 18-month-old children enrolled from Shunyi,Daxing,Miyun and Yanqing districts/counties in Beijing from May to September, 2011. Combining the tertiary network of child health with hospital clinical study was used. Child developmental questionnaires were completed by doctors in communities of the first network of child health. Gesell Developmental Schedules for children with Denver developmental screening test (DDST) screening positive results were assessed by doctors in districts/counties hospitals of the second network of child health. The children diagnosed as developmental delay were transferred to the tertiary hospitals of the third network of child health for further etiological diagnosis, follow-up and developmental evaluation. The case-control study compared between children with/without developmental delay were performed in accordance with the 1:4 ratios by gender and residence community matched. SPSS 16.0 was adopted for data analysis of the case-control study. RESULTS: A total of 3 182 children were screened among the 4 037 children fitting the criteria,and the coverage rate was 78.8% (3 182/4 037). Of the 3 182 screened children, 22 children were diagnosed as developmental delay. The prevalence rate was 6.91 ‰ (22/3 182). Out of the 22 children with developmental delay, 15 were boys and 7 were girls. The sex ratio was 2.1:1. The prevalence rates of the children with developmental delay in Shunyi, Daxing, Miyun and Yanqing were 3.45 ‰ (4/1 160), 4.50 ‰(5/1 111), 15.87 ‰(7/441) and 12.77 ‰ (6/479), respectively. The results from one-way ANOVA analysis showed the main risk factors in children with developmental delay included low-income families, mothers' low educational level, small size for gestational age infant, multiple fetuses, serious diseases after birth, congenital malformations and physical retardation (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The screening coverage rate of this study is 78.8%. The prevalence rate of children with developmental delay is 6.91 ‰, which is significantly different in sex ratio and districts of the subjects. The etiology of developmental delay might be associated with social-economic and biological factors.

Neuroprotective Effects of Activin A against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice by Enhancing Nrf2 Expression to Attenuate Neuronal Ferroptosis.

Activin A (Act A) is a member of the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) superfamily and can protect against ischemic cerebral injury. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered type of programmed cell death, contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, little is known on whether Act A can modulate neuronal ferroptosis to protect against CIRI in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and an HT22 cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). The results indicated that Act A treatment relieved CIRI by improving neurological deficits and reducing the infarct volume in mice. MCAO stimulated iron accumulation and malondialdehyde formation and upregulated ACSL4 expression but downregulated GPX4 expression, a hallmark of ferroptosis in the brain of mice. Treatment with Act A significantly mitigated MCAO-triggered ferroptosis in the brain of mice. Furthermore, Act A treatment enhanced the MCAO-upregulated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in the brains of mice. Similar results were observed in HT22 cells following OGD/R and pretreatment with Act A. The neuronal protective effect of Act A in HT22 cells was attenuated by treatment with ML385, an Nrf2 inhibitor. To conclude, Act A attenuated CIRI by enhancing Nrf2 expression and inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis.

Cathepsin D Attenuates the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by the AGE/RAGE Pathway by Suppressing the ERK Signal.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to clarify the role and mechanism by which Cathepsin D (CTSD) mediates the advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: We conducted a Western blotting assay and co-immunoprecipitation assay to detect the expression of target proteins and the interaction between different proteins. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5- ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) were used to evaluate the proliferation. RESULTS: AGEs significantly promoted phenotypic switching and proliferation of VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect of AGEs was accompanied by inhibition of CTSD. Both the proliferation of VSMCs and inhibition of CTSD induced by AGEs could be attenuated by the specific inhibitor of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), FPS-ZM1. Overexpression of CTSD significantly alleviated these effects of AGEs on VSMCs. The mechanism of CTSD action in VSMCs was also explored. Overexpression of CTSD reduced the activation of p-ERK caused by AGEs. By contrast, the knockdown of CTSD, elicited using a plasmid containing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against CTSD, further increased the activation of p-ERK compared to AGEs alone. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed an endogenous interaction between CTSD, a protease, and p-ERK, its potential substrate. CONCLUSION: It has been demonstrated that CTSD downregulates the level of phosphorylated ERK by degrading its target, and this interaction plays a critical role in the proliferation of VSMCs induced by the AGE/RAGE axis. These results provide a novel insight into the prevention and treatment of vascular complications in diabetes.

Self-Powered Flexible Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on CuI/a-ZTO Heterojunction Processed at Room Temperature.

For traditional wide-bandgap semiconductor materials, a high-temperature process is unavoidable for improving crystallization quality, so the substrate of the device is greatly limited. In this work, zinc-tin oxide (a-ZTO) amorphous oxide processed by the pulsed laser deposition method was utilized as the n-type layer, which exhibits considerable electron mobility and optical transparency, and can be deposited at room temperature. At the same time, by combining p-type CuI grown by the thermal evaporation method, a vertically structured ultraviolet photodetector based on CuI/ZTO heterojunction was obtained. The detector demonstrates self-powered properties, with an on-off ratio exceeding 104, and rapid response with a rise time of 2.36 ms and a fall time of 1.49 ms. Also, the photodetector shows long-term stability with 92% retention after 5000 s cyclic lighting and maintains reproducible response in frequency dependence measurement. Furthermore, the flexible photodetector on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates was constructed, exhibiting fast response and durability in the bending state. This is the first time that the heterostructure based on CuI has been applied in the flexible photodetector. The excellent results indicate that the combination of amorphous oxide and CuI has the potential for ultraviolet photodetectors, and will broaden the application range of high-performance flexible/transparent optoelectronic devices in the future.

Platelet P2Y12 Inhibitor in the Treatment and Prevention of Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

There have been speculation and research linking migraine with abnormalities of platelet aggregation and activation. The role of the P2Y12 platelet inhibitor in the treatment of migraine has not been established. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of the platelet P2Y12 inhibitor in the treatment of migraine and prevention of new-onset migraine headache (MHA) following transcatheter atrial septal defect closure (ASDC). We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies. The primary outcomes were the headache responder rate and the rate of new-onset migraine attacks following ASDC. Four studies for a total of 262 migraine patients with or without patent foramen ovale (PFO) and three studies involving 539 patients with antiplatelet treatment in the prevention of new-onset migraine following ASDC were included. The pooled responder rate of the P2Y12 inhibitor for migraine was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.81). For patients who underwent ASDC, the use of antiplatelet regimens including the P2Y12 inhibitor, compared with regimens excluding P2Y12 inhibitor, resulted in a lower rate of new-onset migraine (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.77, P = 0.005). We concluded that the P2Y12 platelet inhibitor may have a primary prophylactic role in migraine patients with or without PFO and prevent new-onset MHA after ASDC. The responsiveness of the P2Y12 inhibitor could help select candidates who would benefit from PFO closure. It warrants further large-scale research to explore the role of the P2Y12 inhibitor, particularly in a proportion of migraine patients.