Hybrid Acid/Base Electrolytic Cell for Hydrogen Generation and Methanol Conversion Implemented by Bifunctional Ni/MoN Nanorod Electrocatalyst.

Combining the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) within an integrated electrolytic system may offer the advantages of enhanced kinetics of the anode, reduced energy consumption, and the production of high-purity hydrogen. Herein, it is reported the construction of Ni─MoN nanorod arrays supported on a nickel foam substrate (Ni─MoN/NF) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic hydrogen production and selective methanol oxidation to formate. Remarkably, The optimal Ni─MoN/NF catalyst displays exceptional HER performance with an overpotential of only 49 mV to attain 10 mA cm-2 in acid, and exhibits a high activity for MOR to achieve 100 mA cm-2 at 1.48 V in alkali. A hybrid acid/base electrolytic cell with Ni─MoN/NF electrode as anode and cathode is further developed for an integrated HER-MOR cell, which only requires a voltage of 0.56 V at 10 mA cm-2 , significantly lower than that of the HER-OER system (0.70 V). The density functional theory studies reveal that the incorporation of Ni effectively modulates the electronic structure of MoN, thereby resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. The unique combination of high electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability make the Ni─MoN/NF catalyst a promising candidate for practical applications in electrocatalytic hydrogen production and methanol oxidation.

Significance of Gastrokine-1 Polymorphism Rs4254535 as a Prognostic Marker and its Association with Clinical Characteristics in Chinese Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of Gastrokine-1 (GKN1) is associated with lung cancer but its association with prognosis is not clear. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 888 patients with lung cancer. The association between GKN1 polymorphism rs4254535 and prognostic was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method, Log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: In females and patients diagnosed with late-stage lung cancer, the CC genotype (CC vs TT, adjusted odds ratio [HR] = 0.57, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.33-0.99, P = 0.045; HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48-0.92, P = 0.014) and recessive CC genotype (CC vs TT + TC, HR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32-0.94, P = 0.028; HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47-0.89, P = 0.006) of rs4254535 conferred a better prognosis, compared with the TT and TT + TC genotype. Rs4254535 dominate TC + CC genotype, recessive CC genotype, and C allele who were adenocarcinoma patients had a significantly better prognosis. The recessive CC genotype of non-smoking patients has a better prognosis, compared to the TT + TC genotype. Additionally, in the dominant TT + TC genotype and C allele, no family history patients had a significantly better prognosis, compared to the TT genotype. Conclusion: For lung cancer patients, GKN1 polymorphism rs4254535 may be a protective genetic marker and predicts the prognosis of lung cancer patients.

Efficient degradation of formaldehyde based on DFT-screened metal-doped C3N6 monolayer photocatalysts: performance evaluation and mechanistic insights.

Photocatalytic oxidation is an efficient and promising technology for reducing indoor pollution levels of formaldehyde (HCHO). However, developing efficient and low-cost photocatalysts for the removal of HCHO remains challenging due to the time-consuming and expensive nature of traditional "trial and error" and "directed research" approaches. To achieve this goal, first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to high-throughput screen candidate TM-C3N6 photocatalysts for high-performance degradation of HCHO. The results revealed that Zr-C3N6 and Hf-C3N6 in functionalizing C3N6 with 28 transition metals showed excellent adsorption energy of HCHO, boosting the highly effective capture of HCHO. Meanwhile, an excellent adsorption performance mechanism was further elicited by the electric structure-property relationship. In addition, reaction mechanisms for HCHO degradation and three potential reaction pathways for HCHO degradation were systematically evaluated. Our findings indicated that hydroxyl-assisted dehydrogenation and oxygen-assisted dehydrogenation are the most favorable pathways, with rate-limiting steps involving the formation of ˙OH and ˙O radicals. Overall, this study may provide new insights into a high-throughput screening of novel photocatalysts that are both high-performing and low-cost for the removal of formaldehyde. This, in turn, can accelerate the experimental development process and reduce the associated costs and time consumption.

Prognostic implications of the EGFR polymorphism rs763317 and clinical variables among young Chinese lung cancer population.

The 5-year survival rate for patients with lung cancer, the world's second most frequent malignant tumor, is less than 20%, and its prognosis cannot be clearly predicted. Our aim was to analyze the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) rs763317 (G>A) single nucleotide polymorphism and its association with prognosis in Chinese Han lung cancer patients. 839 patients with primary lung cancer were recruited, and genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped by SNPscan. Kaplan-Meier technique and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the association between prognosis and EGFR polymorphism rs763317. A significant association after stratification by age, significantly increased lung cancer risk was associated with the AA homozygous genotype of rs763317 (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.31-4.88, p=0.005), and conferred a poor survival for lung cancer patients (MST: median survival time: 13.6 months) compared with GG genotype (MST: 41.5 months), and in the recessive model AA genotype (AA vs. GG + GA; adjusted hazard ratio = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.34-4.93, p=0.004) who were young (<60 years) had a significantly increased risk of death. The EGFR polymorphism rs763617 might serve as a significant genetic marker for predicting the prognosis of lung cancer.

Quantitative monitoring and potential mechanism of the secondary corrosion risk of PAH-contaminated soil remediated by persulfate oxidation.

The proportion of activated persulfate (PS) oxidation technology in the remediation of domestic organic contaminated sites has increased every year, and the potential corrosion risk of site reuse caused by residual oxidants and by-products has also attracted the attention of researchers. In this work, the potential corrosion degree such as the mass reduction rate and surface crack width of standard iron flakes under different conditions, including with different PS dosages and release times, was monitored quantitatively over a long period, and the corresponding corrosion risk was quantitatively assessed. The results showed that when n (Na2S2O8):n (PAHs) increased from 5:1 to 100:1, the higher the oxidizer dosage, the more severe the corrosion weight loss and surface crack width, indicating that the oxidizer dosage was positively correlated with the potential corrosion risk. In addition, the corrosion crack width of the standard iron flake had a significant positive correlation with the reaction time and a significant negative correlation with the mass change. According to the changes in the standard iron flake, the corrosion process could be divided into three stages, in which the corrosion risk from high to low followed the order of oxidant corrosion stage > oxidant and salt corrosion stage > salt and microbial corrosion stage. Therefore, the dosage of chemicals should be controlled, the molar ratio of oxidizer to contaminant should not exceed 25:1, and a natural recovery period of at least one year should be left post remediation. During the reuse of the remediation sites in the future, the potential corrosion risks should also be calculated based on the dosage and time, to avoid redevelopment and use of the restoration site in the high corrosion risk stage.

Genes expressed at low levels raise false discovery rates in RNA samples contaminated with genomic DNA.

BACKGROUND: RNA preparations contaminated with genomic DNA (gDNA) are frequently disregarded by RNA-seq studies. Such contamination may generate false results; however, their effect on the outcomes of RNA-seq analyses is unknown. To address this gap in our knowledge, here we added different concentrations of gDNA to total RNA preparations and subjected them to RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS: We found that the contaminating gDNA altered the quantification of transcripts at relatively high concentrations. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) resulting from gDNA contamination may therefore contribute to higher rates of false enrichment of pathways compared with analogous samples lacking numerous DEGs. A strategy was developed to correct gene expression levels in gDNA-contaminated RNA samples, which assessed the magnitude of contamination to improve the reliability of the results. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that caution must be exercised when interpreting results associated with low-abundance transcripts. The data provided here will likely serve as a valuable resource to evaluate the influence of gDNA contamination on RNA-seq analysis, particularly related to the detection of putative novel gene elements.

Trans-acting non-synonymous variant of FOXA1 predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma through modulating FOXA1-ERα transcriptional program and may have undergone natural selection.

Interplay of pioneer transcription factor forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) and estrogen receptor has been implicated in sexual dimorphism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but etiological relevance of its polymorphism was unknown. In the case control study (1152 patients versus1242 controls), we observed significant increase in HCC susceptibility in hepatitis B virus carriers associated with a non-synonymous Thr83Ala variant of FOXA1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.48, for Ala83-containing genotype, after validation in an independent population with 933 patients versus 1030 controls), a tightly linked (CGC)5/6or7 repeat polymorphism at its promoter (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.10-1.60, for (CGC)6or7-repeat-containing genotype), and their combined haplotype (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.24-1.81, for (CGC)6or7-Ala83 haplotype). The susceptible FOXA1-Ala83 impairs its interaction with ERα, attenuates transactivation toward some of their dual target genes, such as type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase, UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B17 and sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, but correlates with strengthened cellular expression of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and elevated AFP serum concentration in HCC patients (n = 1096). The susceptible FOXA1 cis-variant with (CGC)6or7 repeat strengthens the binding to transcription factor early growth response 1 and enhances promoter activity and gene expression. Evolutionary population genetics analyses with public datasets reveal significant population differentiation and unique haplotype structure of the derived protective FOXA1-Thr83 and suggest that it may have undergone positive natural selection in Chinese population. These findings epidemiologically highlight the functional significance of FOXA1-ERα transcriptional program and regulatory network in liver cancer development.

[Introduction to Professor Ma Guiqin's experience in treatment of occupational pneumoconiosis].

Occupational pneumoconiosis refers to a group of occupational pulmonary diseases,which is mainly characterized by diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue caused by inhalation of different pathogenic productive dust and retention in the lungs during occupational activities for a long period of time. According to the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases in China,it is mainly classified into 12 categories,such as silicosis,coal worker's pneumoconiosis,asbestos lung. At present,it is the most serious and most common occupational disease in China. The pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis is not clear,and there is still no effective therapy. In the past three years,it is found that traditional Chinese medicine is effective in the treatment of pneumoconiosis. Through collection of medical records,the regularity of the prescriptions used in the treatment of pneumoconiosis were analyzed and summarized. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory,the clinical characteristics of recurrent cough,phlegm and asthma in patients with pneumoconiosis could be included in the categories of cough,wheezing,lung distension. Professor Ma Guiqin believes that the basic pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis is depression of the atmosphere,deficiency of the kidney,internal obstruction of phlegm,and adverse cardinality. According to its pathogenesis,the commonly used prescriptions,namely Shengxian Decoction,Jinshui Liujun Jian,Xiaochaihu Decoction,Sini Powder,Guomin Jian and syndrome differentiation-based modified medicines were expounded. In addition, " throat is the gateway to the lung and stomach",Professor Ma also believes that the prevention of pneumoconiosis should start with the throat,so as to curb the exacerbation or recurrence of the disease. Through clinical observation,if traditional Chinese medicine is properly used,and pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation-based treatment is provided,traditional Chinese medicine can relieve the clinical symptoms,and improve the exercise tolerance and the quality of life of patients with pneumoconiosis.

Histone H3K9 demethylase JMJD1A modulates hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis by epigenetically regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.

As a central event in liver fibrogenesis, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) transdifferentiation involves loss of regulation by adipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; (PPARγ), which is epigenetically silenced during HSC activation. We hypothesized that JMJD1A, an H3K9 demethylase involved in adipogenic metabolism, could regulate PPARγ. In human HSC cell line, rat primary HSCs, and carbontetrachloride-induced mouse liver fibrogenesis model, we down-regulated the expression of JMJD1A using small interfering or short hairpin RNAs, and overexpressed its wild-type and mutant. We analyzed the effects of JMJD1A manipulation on the histone di-methyl-H3K9 (H3k9me2) status of PPARγ gene and the expression of PPARγ and fibrosis markers using chromatin immunoprecipitation, real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, and also investigated the in vitro and in vivo consequences on liver fibrosis and necrosis by Masson or hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. JMJD1A knockdown in HSCs correlated with reinforced H3K9me2 in the PPARγ gene promoter, and its down-regulation in both mRNA and protein led to increased expression of fibrosis markers, which could be consistently rescued by JMJD1A overexpression. Jmjd1a knockdown in situ resulted in significantly increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (P = 0.005) and Col1a (P = 0.036), strengthened production of collagens (P = 0.028), and remarkably enhanced necrosis (P = 0.007) 4 weeks after treatment. This study suggests JMJD1A as a novel epigenetic regulator that modulates HSC activation and liver fibrosis through targeting PPARγ gene expression.

Pulmonary expression of CYP2A13 and ABCB1 is regulated by FOXA2, and their genetic interaction is associated with lung cancer.

Inhaled xenobiotics such as tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone are mainly metabolized by phase I oxidase cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 13 (CYP2A13), phase II conjugate UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B17 (UGT2B17), and phase III transporter ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1 (ABCB1), with genetic polymorphisms implicated in lung cancer. Their genetic interaction and pulmonary expression regulation are largely unknown. We analyzed joint association for CYP2A13 and ABCB1 polymorphisms in 2 independent lung cancer case populations (669 and 566 patients) and 1 common control population (749 subjects), and characterized the trans-acting function of the lung development-related transcription factor forkhead box A2 (FOXA2). We undertook FOXA2 overexpression and down-regulation in lung epithelial cell lines, analyzed functional impact on the transactivation of CYP2A13, UGT2B17, and ABCB1, and measured correlation for their expressions in lung tissues. We found a substantial reduction in cancer risk (OR 0.39; 95% CI 0.25-0.61; Pinteraction = 0.029) associated with combined genotypes for CYP2A13 R257C and a functionary regulatory variant in the cis element of ABCB1 synergistically targeted by GATA binding protein 6 and FOXA2. Genetic manipulation of FOXA2 consistently influenced its binding to and transactivation of the promoters of CYP2A13, UGT2B17, and ABCB1, whose mRNA and protein expressions were all consistently correlated with those of FOXA2 in both tumorous and normal lung tissues. We therefore establish FOXA2 as a core transcriptional modulator for pulmonary xenobiotic metabolic pathways and uncover an etiologically relevant interaction between CYP2A13 and ABCB1, furthering our understanding of expression and function of the xenobiotic metabolism system.

Revisiting the role of MCL1 in tumorigenesis of solid cancer: gene expression correlates with antiproliferative phenotype in breast cancer cells and its functional regulatory variants are associated with reduced cancer susceptibility.

Compared to the well-defined anti-apoptotic role of myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1), its antiproliferative function in tumorigenesis is less studied. We had recently reported that regulatory variants of MCL1 contribute to enhanced promoter activity but reduced risk of lung cancer. We hypothesized that MCL1 expression may manifest antiproliferative phenotype and its functional variations may have etiological relevance for breast cancer. We manipulated MCL1 expression in MCF-7 cells and MDA231 with overexpression and knockdown, analyzed the effects on cell viability and cell cycling phase, and characterized the correlation with expression profiles of key regulators of cell cycle. We further genotyped the -190 insertion polymorphism and the neighboring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 745 breast cancer patients and 537 controls and analyzed their association with cancer risk. We confirmed that heightened expression of MCL1 resulted in decreased proliferation ability of breast cancer cells. We further observed that MCL1 overexpression in breast cancer cells resulted in cell cycle progression arresting in S phase and concomitant enhanced expression of p27, which could be rescued by p27 knockdown with co-transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, we found a significant reduction in breast cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.74; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-0.93] associated with -190 insertion genotype; the expression-enhancing regulatory haplotype (OR 0.79; 95 % CI 0.66-0.95) and diplotype (OR 0.71; 95 % CI 0.57-0.89) were consistently associated with decreased cancer susceptibility. The study demonstrates that the expression-enhancing regulatory variants of MCL1 are protective modifiers of breast cancer risk, and reduced cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle progression partly mediated by p27 might be the underlying mechanism.

Fumigant, contact, and repellent activities of essential oils against the darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus.

The fumigant, contact, and repellent activities of four essential oils extracted from Citrus limonum (Sapindales: Rutaceae), Litsea cubeba (Laurales: Lauraceae), Cinnamomum cassia, and Allium sativum L. (Asparagales: Alliaceae) against 6th instars and adults of the darkling beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), one of the main pests of materials and products of Juncus effuses L. (Poales: Juncaceae) during the storage period, were assayed, and chemical ingredients were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in this study. While the major ingredients found in C. limonum and C. cassia were limonene and (E)-cinnamaldehyde, the main constituents of L. cubea were D-limonene, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-,2,6-octadienal, (Z)-3,7-dimethyl,2 ,6-octadienal, and diallyl disulphide (18.20%), while the main constituents of and A. sativum were di-2-propenyl trisulfide and di-2-propenyl tetrasulfide. The fumigation activities of A. sativum and C. limonum on A. diaperinus adults were better than those of the other two essential oilss. The toxicities of A. sativum and C. limonum were almost equitoxic at 96 hr after treatment. Essential oils from Allium sativum and L. cubeba also showed good contact activities from 24 hr to 48 hr, and toxicities were almost equitoxic 48 hr posttreatment. The repellent activities of A. sativum and L. cubeba oils on 6th instars were also observed, showing repellence indexes of 90.4% and 88.9% at 12 hr after treatment, respectively. The effects of A. sativum on AChE activity of 6th instars of A. diaperinus were strongest compared to the other essential oils, followed by C. limonum, L. cubeba, and C. cassia. These results suggest that the essential oils of C. limonum and A. sativum could serve as effective control agents of A. diaperinus.

Surface and underwater human pose recognition based on temporal 3D point cloud deep learning.

Airborne surface and underwater human pose recognition are crucial for various safety and surveillance applications, including the detection of individuals in distress or drowning situations. However, airborne optical cameras struggle to achieve simultaneous imaging of the surface and underwater because of limitations imposed by visible-light wavelengths. To address this problem, this study proposes the use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to simultaneously detect humans on the surface and underwater, whereby human poses are recognized using a neural network designed for irregular data. First, a temporal point-cloud dataset was constructed for surface and underwater human pose recognition to enhance the recognition of comparable movements. Subsequently, radius outlier removal (ROR) and statistical outlier removal (SOR) were employed to alleviate the impact of noise and outliers in the constructed dataset. Finally, different combinations of secondary sampling methods and sample sizes were tested to improve recognition accuracy using PointNet++. The experimental results show that the highest recognition accuracy reached 97.5012%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed human pose detection and recognition method.

Elevator block brake structural optimization design based on an approximate model.

An Aquila optimizer-back propagation (AO-BP) neural network was used to establish an approximate model of the relationship between the design variables and the optimization objective to improve elevator block brake capabilities and achieve a lightweight brake design. Subsequently, the constraint conditions and objective functions were determined. Moreover, the multi-objective genetic algorithm optimized the structural block brake design. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimization results was verified using simulation experiments. The results demonstrate that the maximum temperature of the optimized brake wheel during emergency braking was 222.09°C, which is 36.71°C lower than that of 258.8°C before optimization, with a change rate of 14.2%. The maximum equivalent stress after optimization was 246.89 MPa, 28.87 MPa lower than that of 275.66 MPa before optimization, with a change rate of 10.5%. In addition, the brake wheel mass was reduced from 58.85 kg to 52.40 kg, and the thermal fatigue life at the maximum equivalent stress increased from 64 times before optimization to 94 times after optimization.

Pomelo peel biomass derived highly active advanced-oxidation-process catalyst: Complete elimination of organic pollutants.

The advanced oxidation process (AOPs) is playing an important role in the elimination of hazardous organic pollutants, but the development of inexpensive and highly active advanced catalysts is facing challenges. In this study, a low-cost and readily available agricultural waste resource pomelo peel-flesh (PPF) biomass was used as the basic raw material, and the uniformly dispersed small cobalt nanoparticles were effectively anchored in the biochar derived from pomelo peel-flesh (BDPPF) by impregnation adsorption/complexation combined with heat treatment. Co/BDPPF (BDPPF embedded with Co) can effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to SO4·-, ·OH and 1O2 reactive oxygen species, and achieve nearly 100% degradation of tetracycline persistent organic pollutant. Co/BDPPF can not only degrade tetracycline efficiently in complex water environment, but also degrade most organic pollutants universally, and has long-term stability, which solves the problem of poor universality and stability of heterogeneous catalysts to a certain extent. Importantly, Co/BDPPF derived from waste biomass was also innovatively designed as the core of an integrated continuous purification device to achieve continuous purification of organic wastewater. In this study, agricultural waste resources were selected as biomass raw materials to achieve efficient capture of Co2+, and finally developed advanced AOPs catalyst with excellent performance to achieve the purification of organic wastewater. It also provides a promising solution for the preparation of simple, low-cost, large-scale production of AOPs catalysts that can be put into actual production.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress potentiates the immunosuppressive microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting the release of SNHG6-enriched small extracellular vesicles.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a crucial role in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) by influencing cellular communication and immune responses. However, it is unclear whether ER stress modulates the TME through sEVs. In the current study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of ER stress on the HCC TME. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that overactivated ER stress was a salient attribute of the immunosuppressive HCC TME. This was caused by the ATF4-promoted release of SNHG6-carrying sEVs, which attenuated T cell-mediated immune responses. Overall, SNHG6 modulated the immunosuppressive TME and aggravated ER stress. Meanwhile, targeting SNHG6 facilitated M1-like macrophage and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and decreased the proportion of M2-like macrophages. In addition, SNHG6 knockdown enhanced anti-PD-1 immunotherapeutic efficacy. Moreover, in HCC patients, overexpression of SNHG6 was associated with a lack of response to anti-PD-1 therapy and poor prognosis, whereas low SNHG6 expression was associated with improved therapeutic efficacy and prognoses. These data indicate that a correlation exists among ER stress, sEVs, an immunosuppressive HCC TME, and immunotherapeutic efficacy. Hence, SNHG6-targeted therapy may represent an effective strategy for patients with HCC.

Recent Advances of Green Electricity Generation: Potential in Solar Interfacial Evaporation System.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) has played a pivotal role in optimizing water-energy utilization, reducing conventional power costs, and mitigating environmental impacts. The increasing emphasis on the synergistic cogeneration of water and green electricity through SDIE is particularly noteworthy. However, there is a gap of existing reviews that have focused on the mechanistic understanding of green power from water-electricity cogeneration (WEC) systems, the structure-activity relationship between efficiency of green energy utilization in WEC and material design in SDIE. Particularly, it lacks a comprehensive discussion to address the challenges faced in these areas along with potential solutions. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively assess the progress and future perspective of green electricity from WEC systems by investigating the potential expansion of SDIE. First, it provides a comprehensive overview about material rational design, thermal management, and water transportation tunnels in SDIE. Then, it summarizes diverse energy sources utilized in the SDIE process, including steaming generation, photovoltaics, salinity gradient effect, temperature gradient effect, and piezoelectric effect. Subsequently, it explores factors that affect generated green electricity efficiency in WEC. Finally, this review proposes challenges and possible solution in the development of WEC.

Unveiling Cutting-Edge Developments in Electrocatalytic Nitrate-to-Ammonia Conversion.

The excessive enrichment of nitrate in the environment can be converted into ammonia (NH3) through electrochemical processes, offering significant implications for modern agriculture and the potential to reduce the burden of the Haber-Bosch (HB) process while achieving environmentally friendly NH3 production. Emerging research on electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (eNitRR) to NH3 has gained considerable momentum in recent years for efficient NH3 synthesis. However, existing reviews on nitrate reduction have primarily focused on limited aspects, often lacking a comprehensive summary of catalysts, reaction systems, reaction mechanisms, and detection methods employed in nitrate reduction. This review aims to provide a timely and comprehensive analysis of the eNitRR field by integrating existing research progress and identifying current challenges. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the research progress achieved using various materials in electrochemical nitrate reduction, elucidates the underlying theoretical mechanism behind eNitRR, and discusses effective strategies based on numerous case studies to enhance the electrochemical reduction from NO3 - to NH3. Finally, this review discusses challenges and development prospects in the eNitRR field with an aim to guide design and development of large-scale sustainable nitrate reduction electrocatalysts.

One new species and one new combination of the genus Neocyrtopsis Liu & Zhang, 2007 (Orthoptera: Meconematinae) from Emeishan, China.

The paper describes one new species, i.e. Neocyrtopsis (Neocyrtopsis) emeishanensis Shi sp. nov., transfers Phlugiolopsis platycata Shi & Zheng, 1994 to the genus Neocyrtopsis and redescribes the species.

Two new species of the genus Nicephora Bolívar, 1900 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Yunnan, China.

This paper reports two new species of the tribe Meconematini from Yunnan, China, namely Nicephora curvata sp. nov. and Nicephora angustifolia sp. nov., and diagnostic illustrations are provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.