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BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Profiles changes of microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely linked to malignant tumors. In the present study, we investigated expression of miR-451a in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We also investigated the potential pathological roles and the likely mechanism of miR-451a in the development of HGSOC using animal models and cell lines. METHODS: Using bioinformatics techniques and a real-time PCR, we analyzed differently expressed miRNAs in HGSOC compared to normal tissue. MTT (i.e. 3-[4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), EDU (i.e. 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) and transwell assays were performed to investigate the effect of miR-451a on the proliferation and migration of HGSOC SKOV-3 cells. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the targeting relationship of miR-451 and RAB5A (one of the Rab GTPase proteins that regulates endocytosis and vesicle transport). Also, we analyzed levels of the RAB5A mRNA and protein by real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays in HGSOC cells and tissues. Finally, we performed in vivo experiments using HGSOC mice. RESULTS: miR-451a was substantially upregulated in HGSOC and associated with favorable clinical characteristics. miR-451a knockdown significantly increased growth and metastasis of HGSOC cell line SKOV-3 through Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. In addition, RAB5A, an early endosome marker, was shown to be a direct target of miR-451a. Moreover, RAB5A is correlated with unfavorable clinical features and shows independent prognostic significance in HGSOC. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the miR-451a/RAB5A axis is associated with tumorigenesis and progression through the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, providing prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for patients with HGSOC.
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MicroRNAs , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Proteínas rab5 de Ligação ao GTP , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Proteínas rab5 de Ligação ao GTP/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Bismuth and non-bismuth quadruple therapy are the guideline-recommended first-line therapy in children with Helicobacter pylori infection in areas with high antibiotic resistance. However, their efficacy in children is uncertain and there are few well-designed studies. Here, we evaluated the eradication rates of standard triple therapy, bismuth-based quadruple therapy and sequential therapy in children with H. pylori infection. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in children infected with H. pylori in West China Second Hospital. They were randomly assigned to 14-day standard triple therapy (omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin), 14-day bismuth quadruple therapy (bismuth + omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin) and 10-day sequential therapy (omeprazole + amoxicillin for 5 days followed by omeprazole + clarithromycin + metronidazole for 5 days). The eradication rate was assessed by a 13C-urea breath test 4 to 6 weeks after therapy completion. Symptom improvement and adverse events were compared among the groups. RESULTS: In total, 132 patients were enrolled. The eradication rates of 14-day standard triple therapy, 14-day bismuth quadruple therapy and 10-day sequential therapy were 70.0%, 78.9% and 50.0% in per-protocol analysis and 63.6%, 68.2% and 43.2% in intention-to-treat analysis, respectively. Symptom improvement and adverse drug event rates were similar in the three groups. CONCLUSION: The three therapeutic regimens evaluated in this study are equally not recommendable for H. pylori infection treatment due to unsatisfactory eradication rates. The high prevalence of clarithromycin resistance makes the use of clarithromycin-based quadruple therapy not advisable, even in combination with amoxicillin and bismuth salts.
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Amoxicilina , Antibacterianos , Bismuto , Claritromicina , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Metronidazol , Omeprazol , Humanos , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Omeprazol/administração & dosagem , Omeprazol/uso terapêutico , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bismuto/administração & dosagem , Bismuto/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Resultado do Tratamento , Esquema de Medicação , Pré-Escolar , Testes Respiratórios , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The patient 1, a 13-year-old boy, was admitted due to "recurrent oral ulcers for 3 years, abdominal pain for 8 months, and perianal ulcers for 10 days"; The patient 2, a 3-year-old boy, was admitted due to "recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever for over 3 months". Genetic testing of both patients revealed "deficiency in ELF4, X-linked" (DEX), and the patients were diagnosed with Behcet's disease-like syndrome due to deficiency in ELF4, accordingly. The patient 1 was successively given intravenous methylprednisolone pulses and oral prednisone and mesalazine for symptomatic treatment. The patient 2 was successively treated with corticosteroids combined with enteral nutrition, as well as oral mercaptopurine. Subsequently, both patients showed improvements in symptoms and were discharged.
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Síndrome de Behçet , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome de Behçet/genética , Síndrome de Behçet/complicações , Pré-Escolar , AdolescenteRESUMO
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is well known as a photoperiod-sensitive flowering plant. However, it has also evolved into a temperature-sensitive ecotype. Low temperature can promote the floral transition of the temperature-sensitive ecotype, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we identified MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 2 (CmMAF2), a putative MADS-box gene, which induces floral transition in response to low temperatures independent of day length conditions in this ecotype. CmMAF2 was shown to bind to the promoter of the GA biosynthesis gene CmGA20ox1 and to directly regulate the biosynthesis of bioactive GA1 and GA4 . The elevated bioactive GA levels activated LEAFY (CmLFY) expression, ultimately initiating floral transition. In addition, CmMAF2 expression in response to low temperatures was directly activated by CmC3H1, a CCCH-type zinc-finger protein upstream. In summary, our results reveal that the CmC3H1-CmMAF2 module regulates flowering time in response to low temperatures by regulating GA biosynthesis in the temperature-sensitive chrysanthemum ecotype.
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Chrysanthemum , Chrysanthemum/fisiologia , Giberelinas/metabolismo , Temperatura , Flores/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , FotoperíodoRESUMO
Background and Objectives: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is prevalent in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and is hypothesized to heighten the risk of subsequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Whether antibiotic treatment of ASB in KTRs is beneficial has not been elucidated. Materials and Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that examined the merits of managing asymptomatic bacteriuria in KTRs. The primary outcomes were rates of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) and antimicrobial resistance. Results: Five studies encompassing 566 patients were included. No significant difference in symptomatic UTI rates was found between antibiotics and no treatment groups (relative risk (RR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.78-1.41), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 36%). Antibiotic treatment was found to present an uncertain risk for the development of drug-resistant strains (RR = 1.51, 95% CI = 0.95-2.40, I2 = 0%). In all trials, no significant difference between study arms was demonstrated regarding patient and graft outcomes, such as graft function, graft loss, hospitalization due to UTI, all-cause mortality, or acute rejection. Conclusions: The practice of screening and treating kidney transplant patients for asymptomatic bacteriuria does not curtail the incidence of future symptomatic UTIs, increase antimicrobial resistance, or affect graft outcomes. Whether early treatment of ASB after kidney transplantation (<2 months) is beneficial requires more RCTs.
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Bacteriúria , Transplante de Rim , Humanos , Bacteriúria/tratamento farmacológico , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
Stiffened structure-induced gain-phase errors degrade the performance of the high-resolution two-dimensional multiple signal classification (2D-MUSIC) algorithm, which makes it impossible to ensure the high accuracy of impact localization results. To eliminate the localization bias caused by these errors, a calibrated 2D-MUSIC-based impact localization method is first introduced. Firstly, time-frequency characteristics of the non-stationary impact signals are evaluated by experiment to obtain a clear first wave packet or a wave packet that purely corresponds to a single mode through continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Then, the uniform linear array covariance matrix with gain-phase errors is calibrated to be constructed as a Toeplitz structural matrix. By reconstructing covariance matrix R, 2D-MUSIC-based impact localization is calibrated for stiffened curved composite structures. Experimental research on the stiffened curved composite panel is carried out, and these impact localization results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the calibrated 2D-MUSIC-based method.
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Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and development. Adaptive mechanisms have evolved to mitigate drought stress, including the capacity to adjust water loss rate and to modify the morphology and structure of the epidermis. Here, we show that the expression of CmNF-YB8, encoding a nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) B-type subunit, is lower under drought conditions in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Transgenic chrysanthemum lines in which transcript levels of CmNF-YB8 were reduced by RNA interference (CmNF-YB8-RNAi) exhibited enhanced drought resistance relative to control lines, whereas lines overexpressing CmNF-YB8 (CmNF-YB8-OX) were less tolerant to drought. Compared to wild type (WT), CmNF-YB8-RNAi plants showed reduced stomatal opening and a thicker epidermal cuticle that correlated with their water loss rate. We also identified genes involved in stomatal adjustment (CBL-interacting protein kinase 6, CmCIPK6) and cuticle biosynthesis (CmSHN3) that are more highly expressed in CmNF-YB8-RNAi lines than in WT, CmCIPK6 being a direct downstream target of CmNF-YB8. Virus-induced gene silencing of CmCIPK6 or CmSHN3 in the CmNF-YB8-RNAi background abolished the effects of CmNF-YB8-RNAi on stomatal closure and cuticle deposition, respectively. CmNF-YB8 thus regulates CmCIPK6 and CmSHN3 expression to alter stomatal movement and cuticle thickness in the leaf epidermis, thereby affecting drought resistance.
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Chrysanthemum , Secas , Chrysanthemum/genética , Chrysanthemum/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMO
We realize on-demand storage and retrieval of weak coherent microwave photon pulses at the single-photon level. A superconducting multiresonator system which is composed of a set of frequency-tunable coplanar waveguide resonators is implemented as the quantum memory. By dynamically tuning the resonant frequencies of the resonators, we achieve tunable memory bandwidth from 10 to 55 MHz, with well preserved phase coherence. We further demonstrate on-demand storage and retrieval of a time-bin flying qubit. This result opens up a prospect to integrate our chip-based quantum memory with the state-of-the-art superconducting quantum circuit technology for quantum information processing.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) and develop a clinically useful nomogram based on clinicopathological parameters to predict it. METHODS: Clinical information of patients who underwent staging surgery for EC was abstracted from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 1st, 2005 to June 31st, 2019. Parameters including patient-related, tumor-related, and preoperative hematologic examination-related were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the correlation with LNM. A nomogram based on the multivariate results was constructed and underwent internal and external validation to predict the probability of LNM. RESULTS: The overall data from the 1517 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. 105(6.29%) patients had LNM. According the univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, LVSI is the most predictive factor for LNM, patients with positive LVSI had 13.156-fold increased risk for LNM (95%CI:6.834-25.324; P < 0.001). The nomogram was constructed and incorporated valuable parameters including histological type, histological grade, depth of myometrial invasion, LVSI, cervical involvement, parametrial involvement, and HGB levels from training set. The nomogram was cross-validated internally by the 1000 bootstrap sample and showed good discrimination accuracy. The c-index for internal and external validation of the nomogram are 0.916(95%CI:0.849-0.982) and 0.873(95%CI:0.776-0.970), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We developed and validated a 7-variable nomogram with a high concordance probability to predict the risk of LNM in patients with EC.
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Neoplasias do Endométrio/complicações , Linfonodos/patologia , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Neoplásica , Nomogramas , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The early identification of recipients at high risk of graft loss is clinically relevant after kidney transplantation. The authors explored whether the earlier monitoring of tacrolimus (Tac) time-in-therapeutic range (TTR) is predictive of and a subsequent gain in TTR improves transplant outcomes. METHODS: The TTR within 3, 6, 9, and 12 months was evaluated. Multivariate Cox analyses were performed to explore when TTR was predictive of transplant outcomes. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on incremental TTR change [TTR gain (increase >10%), TTR stable (maintained within 10%), and TTR loss (decrease >10%)] and 4 groups based on predefined cutoff values [low-low (LL), low-high (LH), high-low (HL), and high-high (HH)] using 6- and 12-month TTRs. Death-censored graft loss and patient death were primary outcomes. RESULTS: Nonlinear associations were observed between 6-, 9-, and 12-month TTR and death-censored graft and patient survival rates. In multivariate analysis, every 10% increase in 6-, 9-, and 12-month TTRs was associated with reduced patient death [hazard ratio (HR): 0.83; HR: 0.68; HR: 0.61, respectively] and graft loss (HR: 0.88; HR: 0.73; HR: 0.66, respectively). A nonlinear relationship was observed between transplant outcomes and incremental changes in TTR. TTR gain and stable TTR contributed to higher graft survival (HR: 0.20; HR: 0.21) and patient survival (HR: 0.14; HR: 0.15) rates than TTR loss, whereas the former 2 had comparable outcomes. Furthermore, compared with those in the HH group, the LL and HL groups had inferior graft survival (HR: 3.33; HR: 5.17) and patient survival (HR: 5.15; HR: 8.94) rates, whereas the LH group had similar outcomes (P = 0.63, P = 0.97). Nonadherence was the main controllable risk factor for low TTR. CONCLUSIONS: The 6-month TTR identified patients at higher risk of worse outcomes. The subsequent gain of TTR may contribute to better transplant outcomes.
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Transplante de Rim , Tacrolimo , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tacrolimo/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Volatile composition is an important feature that determines flavor, which actively affects the overall evaluation of chrysanthemum tea. In this study, HS-GC-IMS (headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry) was performed to characterize the volatile profiles of different chrysanthemum tea subtypes. Forty-seven volatiles of diverse chemical nature were identified and quantified. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that four chrysanthemum teas were distinct from each other based on their volatile compounds. Furthermore, this work provides reference methods for detecting novel volatile organic compounds in chrysanthemum tea plants and products.
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Chrysanthemum/química , Chá/química , Chás de Ervas/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/química , Camellia sinensis/química , Aromatizantes/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Espectrometria de Mobilidade Iônica , Análise de Componente Principal , Microextração em Fase Sólida , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To investigate distributions of cervical lesions and factors associated with the severity of the cervical lesions in high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) positive women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) cytology. METHODS: Clinical information of 250,000 women who underwent HPV and cytological test was collected from January 2012 to January 2019. The association between the severity of the cervical lesions and hr-HPV genotypes, hr-HPV viral load, and ages, were analyzed in hr-HPV-positive/ASC-US women. RESULTS: 3459 hr-HPV-positive/ASC-US women were enrolled in this study. Overall, 43.51% of women with ASC-US had normal histological results, 34.35% had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 1.30% had cervical cancer. The rate of HSIL or worse (HSIL+) in women with single HPV16 infection (63.09%) was the highest, followed by HPV33 (57.50%), HPV51 (36.11%), HPV58 (36.11%), HPV52 (28.28%), HPV18 (26.37%), HPV66 (19.35%), HPV39 (18.92%), HPV53 (15.00%), and HPV56 (8.51%). Detection rate of HSIL+ in low, intermediate and high viral-load groups were 15.87% (n = 30), 34.91% (n = 74) and 40.68% (n = 214) (Cochran-Armitage Trend test χ2 = 35.03, p < 0.0001). Compared with the 51-60-year-old group (21.65%), the women in ≤ 30 (40.52%), 31-40 (39.67%), and 41-50 (34.22%) year-old groups had significantly higher risk of HSIL+. The women in ≤ 51-60 (2.68%) and > 60 (3.41%) year-old groups were at increased risk for cervical cancer, compared with the ≤ 30-year-old group (0.61%). CONCLUSIONS: ASC-US women with HPV 16/18/33/51/52/58 single infection and multiple infections, as well as high HPV viral loads, have high risk of HSIL+.
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Células Escamosas Atípicas do Colo do Útero/virologia , Colo do Útero/patologia , Colo do Útero/virologia , Genótipo , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Células Escamosas Atípicas do Colo do Útero/patologia , China , Técnicas Citológicas , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Carga Viral/métodos , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the impact of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) on the gut microbiota has attracted more attention; however, the relationship in pediatric population rarely was reported. METHODS: Endoscopic gastric mucosal biopsy specimens from 55 children with gastrointestinal symptoms were collected, 37 of them were H pylori-positive (23 nonpeptic ulcer and 14 peptic ulcer) and 18 were H pylori-negative. In addition, 11 specimens were collected from H pylori-positive children who performed second endoscopy in 4 weeks after therapy. Microbial abundance and compositions were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA amplification and microbial functions were predicted using the software PICRUSt. RESULTS: The gastric microbiota of H pylori-positive children were mainly dominated by Helicobacter in genus (95.43%). The microbiota richness and diversity of H pylori-positive children were lower than that of H pylori-negative children. No difference was found in microbiota structure between H pylori-positive children with or without peptic ulcer. The richness and compositions after therapy were closer to the characteristics of H pylori-negative children. For predicted functions, higher abundance in pathways of infection diseases, cancer and lower abundance in the pathways of amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism were found in H pylori-positive group than H pylori-negative group. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of gastric microbiota were affected by H pylori infection rather than disease states, and the richness and diversity of gastric species were inverse correlation with H pylori infection in children. Eradication therapy was helpful to restore shifted gastric microbiota.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/fisiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pediatria/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Both ectopia lentis and retinal injury are common results of blunt ocular trauma. Here, we investigated the incidence and characteristics of retinal breaks associated with ectopia lentis caused by blunt ocular trauma. METHODS: Patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy to treat traumatic lens subluxation and dislocation were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of retinal breaks were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-five eyes from 45 patients were included in the study. Seventeen eyes (37.7%) were complicated by retinal breaks or detachment, but only four (8.9%) were identified pre-operation. Our study revealed that retinal breaks were more frequently located at the superior (72.7%) and peripheral (81.8%) retina. All patients achieved anatomic recovery post-surgery. The eyes with and without retinal breaks did not differ significantly with respect to initial or final visual acuity. The final visual outcomes were independently and significantly associated with visual acuity at presentation (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal breaks occurred in approximately one-third of patients with traumatic ectopia lentis and were difficult to observe pre-operation. Complete ophthalmic evaluation and timely intervention may help achieve favorable outcomes.
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Traumatismos Oculares/complicações , Subluxação do Cristalino/cirurgia , Cristalino/cirurgia , Perfurações Retinianas/cirurgia , Acuidade Visual , Vitrectomia/métodos , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Traumatismos Oculares/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Oculares/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Subluxação do Cristalino/diagnóstico , Subluxação do Cristalino/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perfurações Retinianas/diagnóstico , Perfurações Retinianas/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/diagnóstico , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/cirurgia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK) converts thiamine (vitamin B1) into thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), an essential cofactor for many important enzymes. TPK1 mutations lead to a rare disorder: episodic encephalopathy type thiamine metabolism dysfunction. Yet, the molecular mechanism of the disease is not entirely clear. Here we report an individual case of episodic encephalopathy, with familial history carrying a novel homozygous TPK1 mutation (p.L28S). The L28S mutation leads to reduced enzymatic activity, both in vitro and in vivo, without impairing thiamine binding and protein stability. Thiamine supplementation averted encephalopathic episodes and restored the patient's developmental progression. Biochemical characterization of reported TPK1 missense mutations suggested reduced thiamine binding as a new disease mechanism. Importantly, many disease mutants are directly or indirectly involved in thiamine binding. Thus, our study provided a novel rationale for thiamine supplementation, so far the major therapeutic intervention in TPK deficiency.
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Encefalopatias/genética , Tiamina Pirofosfoquinase/deficiência , Tiamina Pirofosfoquinase/genética , Tiamina/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos/genética , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Pré-Escolar , China , Feminino , Homozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto/genética , Linhagem , Ligação Proteica , Estabilidade Proteica , Tiamina Pirofosfoquinase/química , Tiamina/metabolismo , Tiamina Pirofosfato/genética , Tiamina Pirofosfato/metabolismoRESUMO
We synthesize hollow polyhedral arrays composed of honeycomb-like nanosheets of Co3O4 nanocrystals imbedded on carbon quantum dots (CQDs)- and nitrogen-codoped carbon matrix via a facile in situ air oxidation pyrolysis for CQDs-incorporated metal-organic framework polyhedral arrays. The function of CQDs hollowing and forming porous nanosheet shells was found. The resulting hierarchical architecture displays excellent oxygen evolution reaction activity with a low overpotential of 301 mV to drive 100 mA cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH and long-playing durability in oxygen evolution. The high performance can be ascribed to its highly dispersed Co3O4 nanocrystals, CQDs and nitrogen codoping, internal cavities, and hierarchical pore system.
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INTRODUCTION: Despite a severe shortage of organ supply, patients are reluctant to accept organs from deceased donors with AKI, let alone from pediatric AKI donors. METHODS: We assessed 70 patients who received kidneys from donors with AKI (10 with pediatric and 60 with adult donors) and 176 contemporaneous patients who received kidneys from non-AKI donors (41 with pediatric and 135 with adult donors) between March 2012 and February 2017 for retrospectively evaluating the clinical outcomes. RESULTS: AKI was defined and staging by the RIFLE criteria and pediatric-modified RIFLE criteria. Median age was 11.00 years IQR (4.50-14.00 years), and median weight was 25.00 kg (IQR, 17.00-45.00 kg) for all pediatric donors. Median follow-up was 8 months (range, 1-49 months). Adult AKI group had the highest incidence of DGF (35.0% vs 10%, 9.8%, and 19.3%, P = 0.011). There was a significant increase in DGF in higher AKI stages (Risk: 20.7%, Injury: 46.7%, Failure: 50.0%; P = 0.014) among patients with adult donors. No significant differences were noted in 1-year (100.0%, 95.1%, 98.3%, and 97.8%; P = 0.751) and 3-year (100.0%, 95.1%, 98.3%, and 97.8%; P = 0.751) patient survival, and 1-year (90.0%, 97.6%, 98.3%, and 95.6%; P = 0.535) and 3-year (90.0%, 97.6%, 98.3%, and 95.6%; P = 0.535) graft survival. CONCLUSION: Transplants procured from donors with AKI, particularly pediatric ones, could achieve excellent intermediate-term clinical outcomes and thus potentially expand the donor pool.
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Injúria Renal Aguda/fisiopatologia , Seleção do Doador , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Doadores de Tecidos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pediatria , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum, S. nigrum L.) and red nightshade ( Solanum villosum, S. villosum Mill.) are medicinal plants from the Solanaceae family that synthesize glycoalkaloids and other secondary metabolites. To recognize the potential insecticide activity of these compounds, leaf extracts (containing glycoalkaloid and methanol fractions) were tested for enzyme inhibition, antifeedant activity and toxicity. For in-vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibition activity, we used insecticide-resistant Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata ( L. decemlineata; Say) midgut and fat-body homogenate. In-vivo toxicity and the antifeedant activity were performed using larval bioassays. The methanol extracts had greater GST inhibitory activity compared to the glycoalkaloids, as well as greater 2nd instar larvae mortality and antifeedant activity. Furthermore, the green leaf volatile compound, cis-hex-3-enyl acetate, at the concentration of 5 ppm, caused 50% mortality of 2nd instar larvae. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of S. nigrum and S. villosum extracts to control L. decemlineata.
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Besouros , Inseticidas , Extratos Vegetais , Solanum/química , Acetatos/toxicidade , Animais , Besouros/enzimologia , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Corpo Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Alimentar , Glutationa Transferase/antagonistas & inibidores , Larva , Solanum nigrum/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota plays a critical role in many important physiological processes and is linked with various pulmonary infectious diseases. The relationship between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and gut microbiota has been poorly studied. The present study aimed to characterize gut microbiota in pediatric patients with PTB. METHODS: A case-controlled study was executed for the characterization of gut microbiota in pediatric PTB patients. Fecal samples were collected from the PTB patients and healthy controls upon admission. In addition, a one-month follow-up assessment was performed to investigate alterations in the gut microbiota post anti-tuberculosis treatment. 16SrDNA sequencing analysis of fecal DNA was completed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, the gut microbiota of pediatric patients with PTB was characterized by decreased microbial diversity. PTB patients further presented an up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory bacteria Prevotella, the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus, as well as a reduction of beneficial bacteria including Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae and prausnitzii. One-month after anti-tuberculosis therapy, the richness of gut microbiota in PTB patients was distinctly depleted. CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiota of pediatric patients with PTB was significantly distinct from healthy controls. Additionally, the richness of gut microbiota in PTB patients decreased after one-month anti-tuberculosis treatment. It is hypothesized that the homeostasis of gut microbiota in PTB patients may affect the pathogenies of PTB by de-regulation of the hosts' immune status through the gut-lung axis.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
The development of active and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to promote water splitting has always been a major challenge. Cobalt-based oxides and sulfides have been actively investigated due to their low cost and high activity. However, the lower intrinsic conductivity of cobalt oxide and the inferior stability of cobalt sulfides still limit their practical application. Herein, CoO was chosen for a proof-of-concept study in which the anion-doping strategy was used to obtain an excellent catalyst. Sulfur incorporation optimizes the charge-transfer properties and active sites of sulfur-doped CoO (S-CoO) and thus gives rise to improved catalytic activity. Besides sulfur doping, the stable framework of the cobalt oxide was well maintained, and thus high stability of S-CoO throughout the reaction process was ensured.