The diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Arctic regions with a high prevalence of infection: Expert Commentary.

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of peptic ulcer and is also associated with chronic gastritis, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Guidelines have been developed in the United States and Europe (areas with low prevalence) for the diagnosis and management of this infection, including the recommendation to 'test and treat' those with dyspepsia. A group of international experts performed a targeted literature review and formulated an expert opinion for evidenced-based benefits and harms for screening and treatment of H. pylori in high-prevalence countries. They concluded that in Arctic countries where H. pylori prevalence exceeds 60%, treatment of persons with H. pylori infection should be limited only to instances where there is strong evidence of direct benefit in reduction of morbidity and mortality, associated peptic ulcer disease and MALT lymphoma and that the test-and-treat strategy may not be beneficial for those with dyspepsia.

The effects of tumour extract on macrophage proliferation in lymph-nodes.

Injection of a soluble tumour extract induces mitosis in sinus macrophages of the draining lymph-node. This is not abolished by irradiation; the stimulus also induces monocytosis somewhat later. These findings make it likely that the stimulus induces mitosis in the resident lymph-node macrophage population.

A quantitative microscopical study of tumour cell nuclei in lymphatic metastasis, using a Quantimet.

The projected areas of nuclei of tumour cells in experimental and human tumours have been measured with a Quantimet. In nearly all the specimens examined the nuclei in the lymph node metastasis, and the nuclei in the site from which metastasis had occurred, were similar in size. In one case of human breast cancer, nuclei in the axillary nodal metastasis were twice as large as those in the mammary primary. In another case of human breast cancer a few very large nuclei were seen only in the mammary primary.

Effects of adult commentary on children's comprehension and inferences about a televised aggressive portrayal.

Comprehension of explicitly portrayed events and implicit information in television dramatic narratives has been found to be poor for children as old as second and third graders. In the present experiment the effectiveness of an intervention to facilitate comprehension for young viewers was tested. Adult coviewers stated implicit relations between important explicitly portrayed events during viewing for some second-grade children, while others heard neutral comments at the same points in the plot. Children who heard facilitating commentary scored significantly better on understanding of implicit program content related to the adults' statements, although their scores on other program information were not affected. Adult coviewers may facilitate inferences about important program content for young viewers, who are unlikely to infer such relations spontaneously. The results were discussed in terms of their implications for previously reported relationships between children's understanding and their evaluative and behavioral responses to televised models.