Antioxidant Effect of Far Infrared Radiation Produced by Bioceramics in Individuals with Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Biomedical research has recently incorporated bioceramics applications into new health care approaches. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of far infrared-emitting bioceramics wraps in the treatment of intermittent claudication. METHODS: This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Thirty-five patients met the criteria and were randomized into either control (placebo wraps) or bioceramics group (far infrared emitting-ceramics wraps) and assessed over a 90-day period for the following outcomes: six-minute walk test (6MWT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), Flow-mediated arterial dilation (FMD), quality of life and claudication. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in plasma of patients. RESULTS: Intervention induced a decrease in oxidative stress, with significant lower levels of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), as well as increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities. There was an increase in the environment subscale of the quality of life questionnaire. No statistically significant differences were found in the inflammatory cytokines, 6MWT, ABI and FMV evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: In Sum, FIR treatment improved oxidative stress profile and quality-of-life of patients with intermittent claudication. The study was registered into the ensaiosclinicos.gov.br (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos [ReBEC]) (RBR-7nr6sy register number).

Factors associated with the risk of falls in hospitalized adult patients.

OBJECTIVE: Analyzing factors related to the risk of falls in hospitalized adult patients. METHOD: A cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study, developed in Clinical and Surgical Hospitalization Units from June to August 2015. Data collection instruments were sociodemographic and clinical forms, and the Morse Scale. Data were obtained with the patients and from medical records. Absolute and relative frequencies were used in the univariate statistical analysis, and chi-square test in the bivariate analysis. RESULTS: 612 patients participated in the study. An association (p<0.001) was found between the high risk of falls and clinical neurological hospitalization, surgical trauma (hospitalization) and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, visual impairment, vertigo and fear of falling. CONCLUSION: An association between the risk of falls was found due to hospitalization, comorbidities and intrinsic factors. Regarding extrinsic factors, an association between mats/carpets and risk of falls was found. No association between the risk of falls with other extrinsic factors was found. OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores relacionados ao risco de quedas em pacientes adultos internados em um hospital. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, analítico e quantitativo, desenvolvido em Unidades de Internação Clínica e Cirúrgica, no período de junho a agosto 2015. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram formulários sociodemográfico, clínico e Escala de Morse. Os dados foram obtidos com os pacientes e nos prontuários. Na análise estatística univariada utilizou-se de frequência absoluta e relativa, e na bivariada utilizou-se do teste de qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 612 pacientes. Foi encontrada associação (p<0,001) entre o elevado risco de queda e a internação clínica neurológica, a cirúrgica traumatológica e comorbidades como diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dificuldade visual, vertigens e medo de cair. CONCLUSÃO: Existe associação entre o risco de quedas com motivo de internação, comorbidades e fatores intrínsecos. Em relação aos fatores extrínsecos, foi encontrada associação entre tapetes e risco de quedas. Não houve associação entre o risco de quedas com outros fatores extrínsecos.

Functional Physical Analysis and Quality of Life in the Preoperative and Early Postoperative Periods of Cardiac Surgery and 30 Days After Hospital Discharge.

INTRODUCTION: The analysis of patients submitted to heart surgery at three assessment times has been insufficiently described in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To analyze chest expansion, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), distance traveled on the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and quality of life in the preoperative period, fourth postoperative day (4th PO), and 30th day after hospital discharge (30th-day HD) in individuals submitted to elective heart surgery. METHODS: A descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with 15 individuals submitted to elective heart surgery between 2016 and 2020 who did not undergo any type of physiotherapeutic intervention in Phase II of cardiac rehabilitation. The outcome variables were difference in chest expansion (axillary, nipple, and xiphoid), MIP, MEP, distance on 6MWT, and quality of life. The assessment times were preoperative period, 4th PO, and 30th-day HD. RESULTS: Chest expansion diminished between the preoperative period and 4th PO, followed by an increase at 30th-day HD. MIP, MEP, and distance traveled on the 6MWT diminished between the preoperative period and 4th PO, with a return to preoperative values at 30th-day HD. General quality of life improved between the preoperative period and 4th PO and 30th-day HD. An improvement was found in the social domain between the preoperative period and the 30th-day HD. CONCLUSION: Heart surgery causes immediate physical deficit, but physical functioning can be recovered 30 days after hospital discharge, resulting in an improvement in quality of life one month after surgery.

Diagnostic accuracy of pelvis multiparametric MRI against CT virtual hysterosalpingography: a prospective study of tubal patency through female infertility assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI-hysterosalpingogram (HSG) with semiquantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion, against the virtual multislice CT hysterosalpingogram (VHSG) as a reference standard. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this prospective study, 26 women (age >18 years) searching for infertility causes and with VHSG physician request. Thereafter, the assessment performance of both techniques was determined by two reader analyses. k statistics were used for the assessment of tubal patency. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the capability for tubal patency assessment between both exams on a per-patient and per-tube basis. The McNemar test was used to compare the diagnostic accuracy measures. RESULTS: Tubal patency, uterine morphological, ovarian, and extrauterine abnormalities were evaluated through both exams in all 26 women. There was no significant difference between diagnostic performance measurements between the methods. The ROC curve of VHSG was 0.852 for both per-patient and per-tube analyses, and one and 0.938 for MRI-HSG. Sensitivity and specificity for per-patient and per-tube for VHSG were 95.2 and 97.7, 80 and 87.5%, and for MRI-HSG 100% for both analyses and 100 and 87.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility of diagnosing tubal patency through MRI, using a semi-quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion sequence, and the satisfactory diagnosing of the uterine morphology, ovarian abnormalities, and ovarian and deep endometriosis. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Multiparametric MRI with a perfusion real-time sequence as a HSG method can be used in the evaluation not only for uterine and ovarian abnormilities but also tubal patency.

Movie watching during dialysis sessions reduces depression and anxiety and improves quality of life: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of watching comedy movies as a complementary practice during dialysis on levels of anxiety, depression, quality of life, stress, laboratory findings and intra-dialysis complications. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving the practice of presenting comedy movies during dialysis. The primary outcome was depression. The secondary outcomes were anxiety, quality of life, stress, laboratory findings and intra-dialysis complications.ResultsTwenty-six patients were in the control group and 35 were in the experimental group. Significant intra-group differences [6.0 to 3.0 (p <0.001) and 8.0 to 4.0 (p <0.001), respectively] and inter-group differences [5.0 vs. 3.0 (p = 0.016) and 7.0 vs. 4.0 (p = 0.017), respectively] were found regarding anxiety and depression scores, with improvements in the experimental group. The experimental group was also less likely to have intra-dialysis complications, such as hypertension (p = 0.003) and headache (p = 0.020), and reported significant improvements in different domains of quality of life [symptoms/problems (p = 0.003); effects of the disease (p = 0.008); pain (p = 0.027); general health state (p = 0.004); and social function (p = 0.036)]. No significant differences were found in salivary cortisol or the results of the biochemical exams, with the exception of a reduction in hematocrit in the control group.ConclusionsThe proposed complementary practice was associated with reductions in anxiety and depression scores and intra-dialysis complications (hypertension and headache) as well as improvements in quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Quality of life of chronic kidney patients on hemodialysis and related factors.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the association between the health-related quality of life of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis with sociodemographic, clinical, depression and medication adherence characteristics. METHOD: a cross-sectional study with 183 chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short-Form, Beck Depression Inventory and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale - eight items were used. Among the variables, comorbidities, complications of kidney disease and intercurrences during and after hemodialysis were evaluated. The analysis was performed with descriptive and analytical statistics. RESULTS: 55.2% of the patients were 60 years old or older, 35.0% were hypertensive, with regular quality of life, average of 62.61. Scores below average in the dimensions of quality of life were mainly associated with repetitive infections and edema as complications of the disease, pain during hemodialysis and weakness afterwards. Low drug adherence resulted in a worse quality of life, impacting ten of the 20 dimensions evaluated and depression in all, except for patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: reduced quality of life in this population is associated with depressive symptoms, complications such as repetitive infections, pain and anemia, weakness after the dialysis session and low medication adherence. Actions aimed at changing these factors can promote well-being.

Reduction of functional cardiovascular reserve in the stages of chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present reduced oxygen consumption at peak exercise (VO2 peak). No studies have evaluated objective measures of the cardiovascular reserve, besides VO2 peak and VO2 at the anaerobic threshold (VO2 AT), and compared these measures among ckd patients at different stages of the disease. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients [pre-dialysis group (PD)=26, hemodialysis group (HD)=20, and post-kidney transplant group (KT)=12] were included. The following measures of cardiovascular reserve were obtained: 1) peak heart rate (HR); 2) peak systolic blood pressure (SBP); 3) VO2 peak and % predicted; 4) VO2 AT and % of predicted VO2; 5) peak circulatory power; 6) ventilatory efficiency for the production of carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2 slope); 7) oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES); and 8) recovery of gas exchange. RESULTS: The VO2 peak and VO2 AT in the PD, HD, and KT groups were reduced to 86% and 69%, 70% and 57%, and 79% and 64% of the predicted value, respectively. Patients in the HD group had lower VO2 peak (17.5±5.9 vs. 23.2±8.2 [p-value=0.036]) and VO2 AT (14.0±5.2 vs. 18.3±4.7 [p-value=0.039]) compared to patients in the KT group. OUES was significantly lower in the HD group compared to the KT group (p-value=0.034). Age in the PD, HD, and KT groups and sedentary lifestyle in the KT group were predictors of VO2 peak. CONCLUSIONS: CKD patients presented a reduction in cardiovascular reserve regardless of the stage of the disease. However, hemodialysis patients presented a greater reduction of cardiovascular reserve when compared to post-kidney transplant patients.

Physical Exercise Combined With CPAP in Subjects Who Underwent Surgical Myocardial Revascularization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise and CPAP benefit patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. To our knowledge, the association of aerobic exercise on an exercise bicycle with CPAP has not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise on a cycle ergometer combined with CPAP in the postoperative period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS: This was a randomized clinical trial, with recruitment from May 2017 to December 2017 (registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-69CDYF). The step group (n = 16 subjects) started rehabilitation in the immediate postoperative period with breathing exercises and passive mobilization in the sitting position, progressing to active exercises, ambulation, and stair training. For the intervention group (n = 15 subjects), dynamic exercises on a cycle ergometer combined with CPAP were added to the step program from the second to the fourth postoperative day in a single daily session. RESULTS: Functional capacity decreased in both groups, but this reduction was not significant in the intervention group (P = .11). The length of stay in ICU was lower in the intervention group (P = .050). In both groups there was a decrease in maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure, as well as in the 1-min sit-to-stand test on the fourth postoperative day compared to the preoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise combined with CPAP promoted the maintenance of functional capacity and reduced the length of stay in the ICU.

Functional Physical Analysis and Quality of Life in the Preoperative and Early Postoperative Periods of Cardiac Surgery and 30 Days After Hospital Discharge

ABSTRACT Introduction: The analysis of patients submitted to heart surgery at three assessment times has been insufficiently described in the literature. Objective: To analyze chest expansion, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), distance traveled on the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and quality of life in the preoperative period, fourth postoperative day (4th PO), and 30th day after hospital discharge (30th-day HD) in individuals submitted to elective heart surgery. Methods: A descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with 15 individuals submitted to elective heart surgery between 2016 and 2020 who did not undergo any type of physiotherapeutic intervention in Phase II of cardiac rehabilitation. The outcome variables were difference in chest expansion (axillary, nipple, and xiphoid), MIP, MEP, distance on 6MWT, and quality of life. The assessment times were preoperative period, 4th PO, and 30th-day HD. Results: Chest expansion diminished between the preoperative period and 4th PO, followed by an increase at 30th-day HD. MIP, MEP, and distance traveled on the 6MWT diminished between the preoperative period and 4th PO, with a return to preoperative values at 30th-day HD. General quality of life improved between the preoperative period and 4th PO and 30th-day HD. An improvement was found in the social domain between the preoperative period and the 30th-day HD. Conclusion: Heart surgery causes immediate physical deficit, but physical functioning can be recovered 30 days after hospital discharge, resulting in an improvement in quality of life one month after surgery.

Costs and benefits of Papacarie in pediatric dentistry: a randomized clinical trial.

Papacarie gel is an agent that eliminates the need for local anesthesia and reduces the need for using a drill. However, there is no information regarding the cost per procedure. Therefore we analyzed the cost, per procedure, of Papacarie gel compared to the traditional method (drilling), and performed a comparison between these methods of carious tissue removal. A randomized clinical trial was performed with 24 children with an average age of 5.9 years old. Of these children, 12 were boys and 12 were girls, which resulted in a total of 46 restorations. Patients were separated into: Papacarie group (caries removal with the chemical-mechanical method - Papacarie gel) and Drill group (caries removal with the traditional method - drilling). Values of the materials used in the procedures, heart rate (before, 5 minutes during, and after dental treatment), and the total consultation duration were recorded. A level of significance of 5% was adopted. Papacarie had a lower cost per procedure ($ 0.91) when compared to the traditional method ($ 1.58). Papacarie provided a cost reduction of 42% compared to the traditional method. Using local anesthesia ($ 2.17), the cost reduction increased to 58%. In the procedure using drill + Papacarie ($ 1.37), the cost reduction was 33%. Heart rate, consultation duration, and number of restorations were not statistically different. Papacarie shows an excellent cost benefit for minimally invasive removal of carious tissue and is a feasible alternative for public health care.

Achados tomográficos incidentais de calcificações coronarianas: um estudo de prevalência na região sul do Brasil / Incidental tomographic findings of coronary artery calcifications: a prevalence study in southern Brazil

Fundamento: As calcificações de artérias coronárias (CAC) mostram-se como fator preditivo de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). A tomografia computadorizada (TC) de tórax com protocolo de aquisição de baixa dose apresenta acurácia na identificação de CAC e propicia achados incidentais dessas calcificações, que são comumente negligenciados. Este estudo analisará a prevalência de achados incidentais de calcificação em artérias coronárias em indivíduos não cardiopatas submetidos à TC de tórax. Métodos: Estudo transversal consecutivo de caráter analítico e descritivo. Foram incluídos indivíduos de ambos os sexos que realizaram TC de tórax por encaminhamento, acima de 18 anos e não cardiopatas. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de prontuários e ficha de anamnese auto aplicada. As variáveis referentes às CAC e à extensão do comprometimento foram obtidas a partir da reavaliação das imagens de TC de tórax disponíveis no sistema da instituição. Os exames foram anonimizados e avaliados por dois médicos radiologistas experientes. Considerou-se como estatisticamente significativo p≤0,05. Resultados: Foram analisados 397 exames. Encontrou-se prevalência de calcificações em 176 (44%) dos casos. A existência dessas calcificações coronárias está relacionada à idade (p<0,001). As calcificações possuem relação com o sexo (p = 0,03) com maior razão de chance de desenvolvimento em homens (odds ratio [OR] = 1,55). O tabagismo (p<0,001), o sedentarismo (p<0,001), a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p<0,001), o diabetes mellitus (p = 0,04) e as dislipidemias (p<0,001) mostraram associação positiva. Conclusão: A prevalência de achados incidentais de CAC foi de 44%; variam em maior número entre leve e grave; maior razão de chance no sexo masculino e aumento da prevalência com a idade. Portanto, a TC de tórax mostra-se um efetivo método para avaliar as CAC, e juntamente com a história clínica do paciente pode ser utilizada para medir os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e intervir no desfecho do quadro.(AU)

Introduction: Coronary artery calcifications (CAC) are shown to be a predictive factor of cardiovascular diseases. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest with a low-dose acquisition protocol is accurate in identifying CAC and provides incidental findings of these calcifications, which are commonly overlooked. This study will analyze the prevalence of incidental findings of calcification in coronary arteries in non-cardiac individuals undergoing chest CT. Methods: Consecutive cross-sectional study of an analytical and descriptive nature. Individuals of both genders who underwent chest CT by referral, over 18 years of age and without heart disease were included. Data collection was carried out using medical records and a self-applied anamnesis form. The variables referring to the CAC and the extension of the impairment were obtained from the reassessment of the chest CT images available in the institution's system. The exams were anonymized and evaluated by two experienced radiologists. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 397 exams were analyzed. A prevalence of calcifications was found in 176 (44%) of the cases. The existence of these coronary calcifications is related to age (p<0.001). Calcifications are related to gender (p = 0.03) with a higher odds ratio of development in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55). Smoking (p<0.001), sedentary lifestyle (p<0.001), systemic arterial hypertension (p<0.001), Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0.04), and dyslipidemia (p<0.001) showed a positive association. Conclusion: The prevalence of incidental CAC findings was 44%; vary in greater numbers between mild and severe; higher odds ratio in males and increased prevalence with age. Therefore, chest CT proves to be an effective method to assess CAC, and together with the patient's clinical history, it can be used to measure risk factors for CVD and intervene in the outcome of the condition.(AU)

Study of conicity index, body mass index and waist circumference as predictors of coronary artery disease. / Estudo do índice de conicidade, índice de massa corporal e circunferência abdominal como preditores de doença arterial coronariana.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to assess whether the conicity index (CI), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) can be used as predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD) and mortality in a middle-aged population of the north-western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This was a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study, based on the medical records of patients seen in a cardiology institution in a rural area of Rio Grande do Sul. The sample consisted of 2396 individuals. The primary endpoint was diagnosis of CAD, with mortality as the secondary endpoint. CI, BMI and WC were assessed using logistic regression, Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The study showed that none of the anthropometric measures could be considered independent factors for either a diagnosis of CAD or mortality. Female gender was associated with a significantly lower risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-0.44), as was absence of diabetes (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33-0.82), while there was a significantly higher risk of mortality associated with the presence of CAD (OR: 3.56; 95% CI: 2.00-6.32) and alcohol consumption (OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.60-7.90). CONCLUSIONS: These anthropometric measures were not independent predictive factors for CAD diagnosis or mortality in a population in southern Brazil. Our results support the conclusion that determination of CI, BMI and WC alone is insufficient to assess the risk of CAD and mortality in the general population.

Use of a mobile application for the control of anticoagulation with warfarin: a cluster randomized controlled clinical trial - Ijui/RS/Brazil

Abstract To evaluate the effectiveness of an anticoagulation protocol adapted in a mobile application (appG) for patients using warfarin. This was a cluster randomized controlled clinical trial carried out in basic health centers of Ijui, RS, Brazil, between April and October 2017. The appG was installed on the cell phones of all physicians belonging to the intervention group. Primary outcomes were bleeding and thrombosis, and secondary outcomes were changes in the dose of warfarin, use of new drugs, drug interactions, search for health services, and remaining on the target international normalized ratio. Thirty-three patients belonging to 11 basic health centers were included in this study. From these, 15 patients were in the intervention group which used the appG, and 18 were in the control group. After 6 months, patients in the appG group had fewer bleeding events (7% versus 50%, p-value=0.028) and a lower weekly dose of warfarin (29.3 ± 9.7 mg versus 41.7 ± 12.5 mg, p-value=0.030) when compared to the control group. The anticoagulation protocol adapted in a mobile app reduced bleeding in patients using warfarin.

Associação de exames hematológicos e bioquímicos e complicações pós-cirurgia cardiovascular / Association of hematological and biochemical tests and complications after cardiovascular surgery

A cirurgia cardíaca apresenta complicações pós-operatórias de severidade variável. Conhecer os preditores de tais complicações pode minimizar os riscos e aumentar a sobrevida do paciente. Visto que, estudos abordam complicações no pós-operatório, sem padronização de preditores de tais complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos no pré e pós-operatório com as complicações clínicas de forma geral e por órgão afetado no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, analítico e documental. Critérios de inclusão: Cirurgias eletivas de revascularização do miocárdio e/ou trocas valvares com circulação extracorpórea de janeiro a dezembro de 2017, em pacientes maiores de 18 anos, sobreviventes até a alta hospitalar. Excluíram-se prontuários incompletos. Seguiram-se os preceitos éticos de pesquisa. Incluídos 194 pacientes. Alterações leucocitárias pré-operatórias aumentaram em 8,24 vezes a chance de complicações pós-operatórias (p=0,039); valores médios elevados de INR no primeiro pós-operatório foram associados a complicações (p=0,036); alterações de: creatinina (p=0,020) e INR (p=0,002) no primeiro e segundo pós-operatório tiveram associação com complicações, além de alterações na hemoglobina associadas a complicações cardíacas no terceiro dia pós-operatório (p≤0,001). Verificou-se associação entre: alteração leucocitária prévia a cirurgia e complicações pós-operatórias totais; alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas pós-operatórias e complicações de forma geral e por órgão afetado. Esses resultados podem subsidiar a elaboração de indicadores de risco. Também indica necessidade de aprimorar monitoramento dos níveis de leucócitos, INR hemoglobina e creatinina, percebidos como preditores de complicações cirúrgicas.

Cardiac surgery has postoperative complications of varying severities. Knowing the predictors of such complications can minimize risks and increase patient survival. However, studies address postoperative complications without any standardization of predictors of such complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of hematological and biochemical parameters in the pre- and postoperative period with general clinical complications and those according to organ affected in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical and documentary study. Inclusion criteria: Elective myocardial revascularization surgeries and/or valve replacements with a cardiopulmonary bypass from January to December 2017, in patients older than 18 years old, survivors until hospital discharge. Incomplete medical records were excluded. Ethical research precepts were followed. 194 patients were included. Preoperative leukocyte alterations increased the chance of postoperative complications by 8.24 times (p=0.039); high mean INR values in the first postoperative period were associated with complications (p=0.036); changes in creatinine (p=0.020) and INR (p=0.002) in the first and second postoperative period were associated with complications, in addition to changes in hemoglobin associated with cardiac complications on the third postoperative day (p≤0.001). There was an association between: leukocyte alteration prior to surgery and total postoperative complications; postoperative hematological and biochemical changes and complications in general and by affected organ. These results can support the development of risk indicators. This also indicates the need to improve monitoring of leukocyte levels, INR, hemoglobin, and creatinine, perceived as predictors of surgical complications.

An ultrastructural analysis of cellular death in the CA1 field in the rat hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia followed by 2, 4 and 10 days of reperfusion.

An ultrastructural study was performed to investigate the type of cellular death that occurs in hippocampal CA1 field pyramidal neurons after 10 and 20 min of transient cerebral ischemia in the male adult Wistar rats, followed by 2, 4 and 10 days of reperfusion. The four-vessel occlusion method was used to induce ischemic insult for either 10 or 20 min, following which the animals were submitted to either 2, 4 or 10 days of reperfusion. The animals were then anaesthetised, and their brains removed, dehydrated, embedded, sectioned and examined under a transmission electron microscope. After ischemic insult, neurons from the CA1 field presented alterations, corresponding to the initial, intermediate and final stages of the degenerative process. The only difference observed between the 10 and 20 min ischemic groups was the degree of damage; the reaction was stronger in 20 min groups than in the 10 min groups. While neurons were found in the different stages of oncotic necrosis in all groups, differences were found between the groups in relation to prevalent stages. In both ischemic groups, after 2 days of reperfusion, the initial stage of oncotic necrosis was prevalent and large numbers of neurons appeared normal. In both groups, after 4 days of reperfusion, most of the neurons showed more advanced alterations, typical of an intermediate stage. In both groups, after 10 days of reperfusion, alterations corresponding to the intermediate and final stages of oncotic necrosis were also predominant. However, few intact neurons were identified and the neuropile appeared more organised, with numerous glial cells. In summary, the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 field displayed selective vulnerability and exhibited a morphological death pattern corresponding exclusively to an oncotic necrotic pathway.

Respostas cardiorrespiratórias do teste de sentar e levantar em indivíduos pré e pós-cirurgia cardíaca: corte transversal / Cardiopulmonary responses of the sit-to-stand test in individuals pre and post-heart surgery: cross section

| INTRODUÇÃO: As repercussões cardiorrespiratórias da cirurgia cardíaca podem ser avaliadas por teste submáximo. OBJETIVO: comparar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias do teste de sentar e levantar em um minuto (TSL1) nos indivíduos, entre o momento pré e pós de cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Estudo de caráter transversal e analítico, incluiu 45 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, estáveis hemodinamicamente, com fração de ejeção maior que 45%, que foram submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio no Instituto do Coração de um Hospital do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 2018 e 2019. As variáveis de desfechos foram coletadas no repouso e ao final do teste, um dia antes da cirurgia e no pós-operatório: pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (PAS e PAD em mmHg), frequência cardíaca (FC bpm), frequência respiratória (FR rpm), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2 %), fadiga de membros inferiores (Fmm 0-10) e dispneia (Di 0-10), número de repetições e interrupções do teste. Foi utilizado o programa R para o tratamento dos dados, para avaliar a normalidade foi aplicado o teste de Shapiro Wilk, a comparação dos grupos pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: A maioria do sexo masculino (71%) e média de idade foi de 61± 9 anos. No pré-operatório, ocorreu aumento entre o repouso e o final do teste, PAS, FC, FR, Fmm e Di (p<0,05). No pós-operatório, houve aumento entre o repouso e o final do teste, para FC, FR, Fmm e Di (P<0,05), contudo, sem elevação da PAS. Ao comparar as variáveis entre os momentos pré e pós, observamos maiores valores da FC, FR e número de interrupções na condição pós (p<0,05), bem como menores valores para a PAS, SpO2 e número de repetições (p<0,05) para essa condição. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados desta pesquisa comprovam que o TSL1 realizado no pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, assim como entre o 4° ou 5° dia de pós-cirurgia cardíaca, é seguro e eficaz, representado pela ausência das repercussões cardiorrespiratórias que comprometessem ou agravassem o quadro clínico do paciente. O TSL1 foi capaz de induzir respostas cardiorrespiratórias fisiológicas no pré-operatório; contudo, na condição pós acarretou respostas cardiorrespiratórias mais elevadas no repouso e atenuada resposta em exercício em comparação ao pré-operatório.

INTRODUCTION: The cardiorespiratory repercussions of heart surgery can be assessed through submaximal testing. OBJECTIVE: Compare cardiorespiratory responses to the one-minute sit-and-stand test in individuals pre- and post-heart surgery. METHODS: An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 45 hemodynamically stable male and female patients with an ejection fraction greater than 45% submitted to coronary artery bypass surgery at a cardiology service of a hospital in the interior of the state of REDACTED between 2018 and 2019. The following variables were collected at rest and the end of the test one day before surgery and postoperatively: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, mmHg), heart rate (HR, bpm), respiratory rate (RR, rpm), peripheral saturation oxygen (SpO2, %), lower limb fatigue (LLF, 0-10), dyspnea (0-10), number of test repetitions and number of interruptions. The R program was used to process the data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for the determination of normality. The groups were compared using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Most participants were male (71%), and the mean age was 61±9 years. In the preoperative period, statistically significant increases (p≤0.05) were found for SBP, HR, RR, LLF, and dyspnea between resting values and the end of the test. Significant increases (p≤0.05) were found in the postoperative period for HR, RR, LLF, and dyspnea between rest and the end of the test, with no increase in SBP. Comparing the preoperative and postoperative evaluations variables, higher HR, RR, the number of interruptions and lower SBP, SpO2, and the number of repetitions were found after surgery (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: The one-minute sit-to-stand test induced physiological cardiorespiratory responses in the preoperative evaluation. However, higher cardiorespiratory responses at rest and an attenuated response to exercise were found in the postoperative evaluation compared to the preoperative evaluation.

Atividade física e qualidade de vida em indivíduos renais crônicos / Physical activity and quality of life in chronic kidney individuals

INTRODUÇÃO: As alterações impostas pela doença renal e por seu tratamento interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com doença renal crônica. A atividade física é relatada como uma alternativa terapêutica nesta população, porém a maioria dos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise apresentam baixos níveis de atividade física. OBJETIVO: verificar a correlação entre a atividade física e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Este estudo é observacional, analítico, descritivo e quantitativo, desenvolvido em uma das Unidades de Hemodiálise da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, na atenção clínica terciária, durante o período de novembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Foram incluídos indivíduos maiores de 18 anos e em tratamento hemodialítico por doença renal crônica há mais de três meses, pertencentes ao serviço de hemodiálise. Os critérios de exclusão foram os indivíduos com diagnóstico de doença renal aguda; aqueles que apresentaram aparentemente dificuldades em compreender, responder ou que não realizaram completamente os instrumentos de avaliação propostos (qualidade de vida e pedômetros), indivíduos que no momento da avaliação não apresentaram condições clínicas estáveis. A coleta de dados foi realizada pela análise dos prontuários clínicos e eletrônicos e entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se avaliação pelos pedômetros e pelo questionário Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short-Form-KDQOL-SFTM. Análises de modelagem por regressão foram realizadas para testar a associação entre o número de passos/dia e os desfechos avaliados RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos na amostra 40 pacientes, destes, 70% são homens, com média de idade de 59,9 ± 13,0 anos. Na correlação entre atividade física e qualidade de vida, o número de passos/dia teve correlação significativa com as dimensões sintomas e problemas (r=0,523;p=0,003), efeitos da doença (r=0,458; p=0,010), função sexual (r=0,361;p=0,050), sono (r=0,357;p=0,049), função física (r=0,617;p=<0,001), papel físico (r=0,504;p=0,004), dor (r=0,496; p=0,005), bem estar emocional (r=0,407; p=0,023), papel emocional (r=0,435;p=0,014), função social (r=0,522;p=0,003), energia/fadiga (r=0,436;p=0,014) e composição física (r=0,598;p=<0,001). As variáveis idade, índice de massa corporal, tempo de hemodiálise e sexo não apresentaram correlação com o número de passos/dia. CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação positiva entre atividade física e qualidade de vida, ou seja, quanto maior a média de número de passos/dia melhor a qualidade de vida de indivíduos em hemodiálise.

INTRODUCTION: The changes imposed by kidney disease and its treatment negatively affect the quality of life of individuals with kidney disease. Physical activity is reported as a therapeutic alternative in this population; however, most patients undergoing hemodialysis have low levels of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To verify the correlation between physical activity and quality of life in individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: This study is observational, analytical, descriptive, and quantitative developed in one of the Hemodialysis Units in the Northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in tertiary clinical care, during the period from November 2018 to February 2019. Individuals over 18 years old and undergoing hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease for more than three months; belonging to the hemodialysis service. Data collection was performed by analyzing clinical and electronic medical records and semi-structured interviews. Evaluation using pedometers and the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short FormKDQOL-SFTM questionnaire was used. Regression modeling analyzes were performed to test the association between the number of steps/ day and the evaluated outcomes. RESULTS: 40 (Forty) patients were included in the sample, of which 70% are men, with a mean age of 59.9 ± 13.0 years. In the correlation between physical activity and quality of life, the number of steps / day had a significant correlation with the dimensions symptoms and problems (r=0,523;p=0,003), effects of the disease (r=0,458; p=0,010), sexual function (r=0,361;p=0,050), sleep (r=0,357;p=0,049), physical function (r=0,617;p=<0,001), physical role (r=0,504;p=0,004), pain (r=0,496; p=0,005), emotional well-being (r=0,407; p=0,023), emotional role (r=0,435;p=0,014), social function (r=0,522;p=0,003), energy / fatigue (r=0,436;p=0,014) and physical composition (r=0,598;p=<0,001). The sample profile variables did not correlate with the number of steps/day. CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation between physical activity and quality of life; that is, the higher the average number of steps/day, the better the quality of life of individuals undergoing hemodialysis.

Risco de quedas associado a terapia medicamentosa em pacientes hospitalizados / Risk of falls associated with drug therapy in hospitalized patients

Risco de quedas associado a terapia medicamentosa em pacientes hospitalizados.(AU)

Risk of falls associated with drug therapy in hospitalized patients.(AU)

Sleep respiratory disorders and clinical profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction Sleep respiratory disorders (SRDs) are often found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective The aim was to establish the prevalence of risk to develop an SRD using the Clinical Berlin Questionnaire (CBQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in patients with T2DM and verifying the correlation of anthropometric measurements and life quality (LQ) with ESS. Methods A descriptive and analytical study of a case series evaluating 208 patients with T2DM, submitted to clinical and biochemical evaluation and implementation of CBQ, ESS, and WHOQOL-bref to evaluate LQ. Results Mean age was 60.8 ± 8.8 years, and 65.4% were women. Most diabetics were overweight (36.1%), and 29.8% were class I obese. One-third had positive risk signals for a SRD, with 87.0 and 34.1% having high risk in CBQ and sleep disorders in ESS, respectively. There was a significant difference in the general LQ between the low- and high-risk groups in the CBQ. Conclusion In this scenario, it is noteworthy that the active search for sleep disorders must start from simple methods, such as application of protocols.

Analysis of steps adapted protocol in cardiac rehabilitation in the hospital phase.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a cardiac rehabilitation adapted protocol in physical therapy during the postoperative hospital phase of cardiac surgery in a service of high complexity, in aspects regarded to complications and mortality prevalence and hospitalization days. METHODS: This is an observational cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical study performed by investigating 99 patients who underwent cardiac surgery for coronary artery bypass graft, heart valve replacement or a combination of both. Step program adapted for rehabilitation after cardiac surgery was analyzed under the command of the physiotherapy professional team. RESULTS: In average, a patient stays for two days in the Intensive Care Unit and three to four days in the hospital room, totalizing six days of hospitalization. Fatalities occurred in a higher percentage during hospitalization (5.1%) and up to two years period (8.6%) when compared to 30 days after hospital discharge (1.1%). Among the postoperative complications, the hemodynamic (63.4%) and respiratory (42.6%) were the most prevalent. 36-42% of complications occurred between the immediate postoperative period and the second postoperative day. The hospital discharge started from the fifth postoperative day. We can observe that in each following day, the patients are evolving in achieving the Steps, where Step 3 was the most used during the rehabilitation phase I. CONCLUSION: This evolution program by steps can to guide the physical rehabilitation at the hospital in patients after cardiac surgery.