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We report a case of a long-term surviving patient with EML4/ALK translocated non-small cell adenocarcinoma of the lung in UICC8 stage IVA. During recurrence under continuous crizotinib therapy, a hitherto insufficiently characterized missense mutation in the ALK gene (Arg1181His) was identified through targeted sequencing. The aforementioned EML4/ALK translocation could still be detected in this situation. Employing a 3D reconstruction of the ALK tertiary structure, considering its interaction with various ALK inhibitors at the molecular binding site, our analysis indicated the presence of a mutation associated with crizotinib resistance. To validate the biological relevance of this previously unknown mutation, we carried out an in vitro validation approach in cell culture in addition to the molecular diagnostics accompanied by the molecular tumor board. The tumor scenario was mimicked through retroviral transfection. Our comparative in vitro treatment regimen paired with the clinical trajectory of the patient, corroborated our initial clinical and biochemical suspicions. Our approach demonstrates preclinical, in silico, and clinical evidence of a novel crizotinib resistance mutation in ALK as well as sensitivity toward brigatinib and potentially lorlatinib. In future cases, this procedure represents an important contribution to functional diagnostics in the context of molecular tumor boards.
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OBJECTIVES: Treatment intensification (including consolidative high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation [HDT-ASCT]) significantly improved outcome in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of newly diagnosed PCNSL patients, treated with intensified treatment regimens. The following scores were evaluated in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS): Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG), and three-factor (3F) prognostic score. Further, all scores were comparatively investigated for model quality and concordance. RESULTS: Altogether, 174 PCNSL patients were included. One hundred and five patients (60.3%) underwent HDT-ASCT. Two-year OS and 2-year PFS for the entire population were 73.3% and 48.5%, respectively. The MSKCC (p = .003) and 3F score (p < .001), but not the IELSG score (p = .06), had the discriminatory power to identify different risk groups for OS. In regard to concordance, the 3F score (C-index [0.71]) outperformed both the MSKCC (C-index [0.64]) and IELSG (C-index [0.53]) score. Moreover, the superiority of the 3F score was shown for PFS, successfully stratifying patients in three risk groups, which also resulted in the highest C-index (0.66). CONCLUSION: The comparative analysis of established PCNSL risk scores affirm the clinical utility of the 3F score stratifying the widest prognostic spectrum among PCNSL patients treated with intensified treatment approaches.
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Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma , Humanos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Prognóstico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/terapia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante Autólogo , Linfoma/terapia , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
We report the case of a 61-year-old male with spindle cell oncocytoma of the hypophysis. On presentation to the Department of Neurosurgery at the German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, the patient reported a history of several years of left sixth nerve palsy, right ptosis, increased sensitivity to light, and a bilateral retrobulbar pressure sensation. Pituitary function was normal. A chromophobe non-functioning pituitary adenoma was initially suspected. The diagnosis was established on the basis of examination at a histopathology reference laboratory using immunohistochemistry to identify cell surface markers. During two years of follow-up, there were two clinical recurrences requiring surgery. To our knowledge, this is the 35th documented case of spindle cell oncocytoma of the pituitary gland and the first that was immunohistochemically negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and S100; and the first that displayed haematogenous metastasis to the right sphenoparietal sinus. The three surgical procedures were associated with massive intraoperative bleeding and thus resulted in subtotal tumor resection. Following surgery for the recurrences, the patient underwent radiotherapy.
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Adenoma Oxífilo , Neuro-Hipófise , Neoplasias Hipofisárias , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adenoma Oxífilo/cirurgia , Adenoma Oxífilo/complicações , Adenoma Oxífilo/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/complicações , Neuro-Hipófise/patologia , Mucina-1 , RecidivaRESUMO
We report the case of a 28-year-old female patient who complained of extreme neck pain when giving birth to a child. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine demonstrated an osteolytic lesion at the second cervical vertebral body (C2). In this presentation, we highlight a transoral surgical approach in order to prevent instability of this osteolytic lesion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such a route of access has been described for this tumor entity. A histopathologic examination led to the diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. During a follow-up period of 33 months, the patient had no complaints.
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Hemangioendotelioma Epitelioide , Osteólise , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral , Gravidez , Feminino , Criança , Humanos , Adulto , Hemangioendotelioma Epitelioide/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemangioendotelioma Epitelioide/cirurgia , Osteólise/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteólise/etiologia , Osteólise/cirurgia , Corpo Vertebral/patologia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Cervicais/cirurgia , Vértebras Cervicais/patologia , HormôniosRESUMO
High-grade B-cell lymphoma accompanied with double/triple-hit MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (HGBLDH/ TH) poses a cytogenetically-defined provisional entity among aggressive B-cell lymphomas that is traditionally associated with unfavorable prognosis. In order to better understand the mutational and molecular landscape of HGBLDH/ TH we here performed whole-exome sequencing and deep panel next-generation sequencing of 47 clinically annotated cases. Oncogenic drivers, mutational signatures and perturbed pathways were compared with data from follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). We find an accumulation of oncogenic mutations in NOTCH, IL6/JAK/STAT and NFκB signaling pathways and delineate the mutational relationship within the continuum between FL/DLBCL, HGBL-DH/TH and BL. Further, we provide evidence of a molecular divergence between BCL2 and BCL6 rearranged HGBL-DH. Beyond a significant congruency with the C3/EZB DLBCL cluster in BCL2 rearranged cases on an exome-wide level, we observe an enrichment of the SBS6 mutation signature in BCL6 rearranged cases. Differential gene set enrichment and subsequent network propagation analysis according to cytogenetically defined subgroups revealed an impairment of TP53 and MYC pathway signaling in BCL2 rearranged cases, whereas BCL6 rearranged cases lacked this enrichment, but instead showed impairment of E2F targets. Intriguingly, HGBL-TH displayed intermediate mutational features considering all three aspects. This study elucidates a recurrent pattern of mutational events driving FL into MYC-driven BCL2-rearranged HGBL, unveiling the mutational pathogenesis of this provisional entity. Through this refinement of the molecular taxonomy for aggressive, germinal center-derived B-cell lymphomas, this calls into question the current World Health Organization classification system, especially regarding the status of MYC/BCL6- rearranged HGBL.
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Linfoma Folicular , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Rearranjo Gênico , Humanos , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Mutação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-6/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Sequenciamento do ExomaRESUMO
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell-malignancy derived from germinal-centre B-cells. Curative therapy traditionally requires intensive immunochemotherapy. Recently, immuno-oncological approaches, modulating the T-cell tumour response, were approved for the treatment of a variety of malignancies. The architecture of the tumour-infiltrating T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in BL remains insufficiently characterized. We therefore performed a large-scale, next-generation sequencing study of the complimentary-determining region (CDR)-3 region of the TCRß chain repertoire in a large cohort of all epidemiological subtypes of BL (n = 82) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 34). Molecular data were subsequently assessed for correlation with clinical outcome. Our investigations revealed an age-dependent immunoprofile in BL as in DLBCL. Moreover, we found several public clonotypes in numerous patients suggestive of shared tumour neoantigen selection exclusive to BL and distinct from DLBCL regardless of Epstein-Barr virus and/or human immunodeficiency virus status. Compared with baseline, longitudinal analysis unveiled significant repertoire restrictions upon relapse (P = 0·0437) while productive TCR repertoire clonality proved to be a useful indicator of both overall and progression-free-survival [OS: P = 0·0001; hazard ratio (HR): 6·220; confidence interval (CI): 2·263-11·78; PFS: P = 0·0025; HR: 3·086; CI: 1·555-7·030]. Multivariate analysis confirmed its independence from established prognosticators, including age at diagnosis and comorbidities. Our findings establish the clinical relevance of the architecture and clonality of the TCR repertoire and its age-determined dynamics in BL.
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Linfoma de Burkitt/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma de Burkitt/imunologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T alfa-beta/genética , Idoso , Linfoma de Burkitt/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Burkitt/patologia , Células Clonais/metabolismo , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/metabolismo , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T alfa-beta/imunologia , RecidivaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia-induced autophagy leads to an increase in vasculogenic-mimicry (VM) and the development of resistance of glioblastoma-cells to bevacizumab (BEV). Chloroquine (HCQ) inhibits autophagy, reduces VM and can thus produce a synergistic effect in anti-angiogenic-therapy by delaying the development of resistance to BEV. PURPOSE: We retrospectively compared the combined addition of HCQ+BEV and adjuvant-radiochemotherapy (aRCT) to aRCT alone for recurrent-glioblastoma (rGBM) in regards of overall survival (OS). METHODS: Between 2006 and 2016, 134 patients underwent neurosurgery for rGBM at our institution. Forty-two patients (Karnofsky-Performance-Score>60%) with primary-glioblastoma underwent repeat-surgery and aRCT for recurrence. Four patients (9.5%) received aRCT+HCQ+BEV. Five patients received aRCT+BEV. RESULTS: In rGBM-patients who were treated with aRCT+HCQ+BEV, median OS was 36.57 months and median post-recurrence-survival (PRS) was 23.92 months while median PRS in the control-group was 9.63 months (p=0.022). In patients who received aRCT+BEV, OS and PRS were 26.83 and 12.97 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study was performed on a small number of highly selected patients, it demonstrates a synergistic effect of HCQ+BEV in the treatment of rGBM which previously could be demonstrated based on experimental data. A significant increase of OS in patients who receive aRCT+HCQ+BEV cannot be ruled out and should be further investigated in randomised-controlled-trials.
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Patients with EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (EBV+ DLBCL (NOS)) recurrently present with advanced age and reduced performance status. They are therefore insufficiently represented in clinical trials and treatment is likely to differ. Here we assess clinicopathological characteristics, therapeutic variability and clinical outcome in the largest consecutively diagnosed EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) cohort published to date (n = 80; median age 70 years; range 19-90). Centralized and systematic haematopathological panel review was performed. By immunohistochemistry 60/80 patients were CD30-positive. Further, we identified nine EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) patients with associated or composite peripheral T cell lymphoma at diagnosis or relapse (preceded by clonal T cell populations within the initial DLBCL biopsy in 4/5 cases). Most patients (80%) were treated with R-CHOP-type therapy and 16 patients received none or less intensiveprotocols. Upon univariate analysis both R-CHOP-type therapy (OS: P < 0.0001; PFS: P = 0.0617) and negativity for CD30 (OS: P = 0.0002; PFS: P = 0.0002) showed a protective 66 effect, maintained upon multivariate analysis. In a propensity-score matched analysis with a cohort of non-EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) patients, balanced for all revised-international prognostic index factors, we found an EBV-association to hold no significant impact on progression-free and overall survival whilst exhibiting a trend favouring EBV-negativity (OS: P = 0.116; PFS: P = 0.269). Our findings provide insight into the clinical course of EBV+ DLBCL (NOS), highlight the ramifications of CD30-expression and underline the superior therapeutic efficacy of R-CHOP immunochemotherapy. Alternative therapies, incorporating tumour biology (e.g. CD30 directed therapies) need to be explored in EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) patients. Moreover our data advert to the close relationship between EBV+ DLBCL (NOS) and peripheral T cell lymphomas.
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Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) constitutes a rare and aggressive malignancy originating from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) with a primarily cutaneous tropism followed by dissemination to the bone marrow and other organs. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of the tumor methylome in an extended cohort of 45 BPDCN patients supplemented by WES and RNA-seq as well as ATAC-seq on selected cases. We determined the BPDCN DNA methylation profile and observed a dramatic loss of DNA methylation during malignant transformation from early and mature DCs towards BPDCN. DNA methylation profiles further differentiate between BPDCN, AML, CMML, and T-ALL exhibiting the most striking global demethylation, mitotic stress, and merely localized DNA hypermethylation in BPDCN resulting in pronounced inactivation of tumor suppressor genes by comparison. DNA methylation-based analysis of the tumor microenvironment by MethylCIBERSORT yielded two, prognostically relevant clusters (IC1 and IC2) with specific cellular composition and mutational spectra. Further, the transcriptional subgroups of BPDCN (C1 and C2) differ by DNA methylation signatures in interleukin/inflammatory signaling genes but also by higher transcription factor activity of JAK-STAT and NFkB signaling in C2 in contrast to an EZH2 dependence in C1-BPDCN. Our integrative characterization of BPDCN offers novel molecular insights and potential diagnostic applications.
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Metilação de DNA , Células Dendríticas , Humanos , Células Dendríticas/patologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Hematológicas/genética , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Idoso , Adulto , Prognóstico , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Mutação , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In salivary gland carcinomas (SGC), there is only a small fraction of entities that appears to profit from immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Recent findings connected the activation of adenosine-signaling with a tolerogenic microenvironment. Therefore, the inhibition of adenosine pathway markers (CD39 and/or CD73) can augment ICI and/or display a novel immunotherapeutic strategy beyond ICI. Here, we assessed the immuno-histochemical expression of CD39 and CD73 across a wide spectrum of SGCs. METHODS: In total, 114 patients with SGCs consecutively diagnosed between 2001 and 2021 were assessed for clinicopathological baseline characteristics and underwent confirmatory histopathological review. Immunohistochemical expression levels of CD39 and CD73 were assessed by applying the tumor proportion score (TPS) and the immune proportional score (IPS) comparable to PD-L1 expression analysis in routine clinical practice. Additionally, findings were correlated with PD-L1 expression levels. RESULTS: The median age was 60.6 and 51.8% patients were female. The cohort covered a spectrum of eight distinct entities. Advanced-stage disease (UICC/AJCC III/IVA-IVC) at initial diagnosis was present in the majority of patients (64/114). Immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for CD39 and CD73 in 48.2% and 21.1% on tumor cells (TPS ≥ 1%) as well as 46.4% and 42.9% within the immune cell infiltrate (IPS ≥ 1%), respectively. Further comparative analyses revealed immune-cold entities such adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), immune-hot tumors such as adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (AC (NOS)) and entities with intermediate immunologic features such as acinic cell carcinoma (ACC). CONCLUSION: Current results indicate entity-specific adenosine signaling signatures. These findings suggest that the adenosine pathway plays a decisive role in tumor immunity among the major spectrum of SGCs. Targeting the adenosine pathway might pose a promising therapeutic option for selected entities.
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Carcinoma , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adenosina/metabolismo , Antígenos CD , Antígeno B7-H1 , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Glândulas Salivares/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Introduction: Hematologic malignancies are currently underrepresented in multidisciplinary molecular-tumor-boards (MTB). This study assesses the potential of precision-oncology in primary-refractory plasmablastic-lymphoma (prPBL), a highly lethal blood cancer. Methods: We evaluated clinicopathological and molecular-genetic data of 14 clinically annotated prPBL-patients from initial diagnosis. For this proof-of-concept study, we employed our certified institutional MTB-pipeline (University-Cancer-Center-Schleswig-Holstein, UCCSH) to annotate a comprehensive dataset within the scope of a virtual MTB-setting, ultimately recommending molecularly stratified therapies. Evidence-levels for MTB-recommendations were defined in accordance with the NCT/DKTK and ESCAT criteria. Results: Median age in the cohort was 76.5 years (range 56-91), 78.6% of patients were male, 50% were HIV-positive and clinical outcome was dismal. Comprehensive genomic/transcriptomic analysis revealed potential recommendations of a molecularly stratified treatment option with evidence-levels according to NCT/DKTK of at least m2B/ESCAT of at least IIIA were detected for all 14 prPBL-cases. In addition, immunohistochemical-assessment (CD19/CD30/CD38/CD79B) revealed targeted treatment-recommendations in all 14 cases. Genetic alterations were classified by treatment-baskets proposed by Horak et al. Hereby, we identified tyrosine-kinases (TK; n=4), PI3K-MTOR-AKT-pathway (PAM; n=3), cell-cycle-alterations (CC; n=2), RAF-MEK-ERK-cascade (RME; n=2), immune-evasion (IE; n=2), B-cell-targets (BCT; n=25) and others (OTH; n=4) for targeted treatment-recommendations. The minimum requirement for consideration of a drug within the scope of the study was FDA-fast-track development. Discussion: The presented proof-of-concept study demonstrates the clinical potential of precision-oncology, even in prPBL-patients. Due to the aggressive course of the disease, there is an urgent medical-need for personalized treatment approaches, and this population should be considered for MTB inclusion at the earliest time.
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BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence supporting multidisciplinary molecular tumor boards (MTB) in solid tumors whereas hematologic malignancies remain underrepresented in this regard. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to assess the clinical relevance of MTBs in primary refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphomas/high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (prDLBCL/HGBL-MYC/BCL2) (n = 13) and HGBL, not otherwise specified (NOS), with MYC and BCL6 rearrangements (prHGBL, NOS-MYC/BCL6) (n = 6) based on our previously published whole-exome sequencing (WES) cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For genomic analysis, the institutional MTB WES pipeline (University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein: UCCSH), certified for routine clinical diagnostics, was employed and supplemented by a comprehensive immunohistochemical work-up. Consecutive database research and annotation according to established evidence levels for molecularly stratified therapies was performed (NCT-DKTK/ESCAT). RESULTS: Molecularly tailored treatment options with NCT-DKTK evidence level of at least m2A were identified in each case. We classified mutations in accordance with biomarker/treatment baskets and detected a heterogeneous spectrum of targetable alterations affecting immune evasion (IE; n = 30), B-cell targets (BCT; n = 26), DNA damage repair (DDR; n = 20), tyrosine kinases (TK; n = 13), cell cycle (CC; n = 7), PI3K-MTOR-AKT pathway (PAM; n = 2), RAF-MEK-ERK cascade (RME; n = 1), and others (OTH; n = 11). CONCLUSION: Our virtual MTB approach identified potential molecularly targeted treatment options alongside targetable genomic signatures for both prDLBCL/HGBL-MYC/BCL2 and prHGBL, NOS-MYC/BCL6. These results underline the potential of MTB consultations in difficult-to-treat lymphomas early in the treatment sequence.
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Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2 , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-6/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Linfócitos B , Rearranjo GênicoRESUMO
Salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) are rare (3-6 % of all head and neck cancers) and show biological heterogeneity depending on the respective histological subtype. While complete surgical resection is the standard treatment for localized disease, chemotherapy or radiation therapy are frequently insufficient for the treatment of unresectable or metastasized SGC. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches such as molecularly targeted therapy or the application of immune checkpoint inhibition enhance the treatment repertoire. Accordingly, comprehensive analyses of the genomic landscape and the tumor-microenvironment (TME) are of crucial importance in order to optimize and individualize SGC treatment. This manuscript combines the current scientific knowledge of the composition of the mutational landscape and the TME in SGCs harboring the potential for novel (immune-) targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares , Humanos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Mutação , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/genética , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/terapia , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Gray-zone lymphoma (GZL) reflects an aggressive B-cell neoplasm with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The International Prognostic Index (IPI) and its derivatives (R-IPI, NCCN-IPI, and the Hasenclever IPS) have been established for DLBCL or cHL while the most suitable scoring system for GZL remains undetermined. In an exploratory multi-centric cohort of GZL (n = 61), we performed a comparative analysis of prognostic indices with regard to model fit and mutual concordance. The calculation of the corrected Akaike's information criterion (cAIC) and Harrel's concordance index (c-index) for each scoring system identified the NCCN-IPI to harbor the most convincing prognostic capabilities regarding both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to its enhanced derivatives. The current results affirm the clinical utility of the NCCN-IPI and suggest its preferential use in clinical practice in GZL-patients.
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Doença de Hodgkin , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Doença de Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Doença de Hodgkin/terapia , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Background: Across a variety of solid tumors, prognostic implications of nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores have been identified as a complementary resource of risk stratification. Methods: In this retrospective study, we performed a comparative analysis of several established risk scores and ratios, such as the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastro−entero−pancreatic (GEP-NEN) system with respect to their prognostic capabilities. Clinicopathological and treatment-related data for 102 GEP-NEN patients administered to the participating institutions between 2011 and 2021 were collected. Scores/ratios significantly associated with overall or progression-free survival (OS, PFS) upon univariate analysis were subsequently included in a Cox-proportional hazard model for the multivariate analysis. Results: The median age was 62 years (range 18−95 years) and the median follow-up period spanned 51 months. Pancreatic or intestinal localization at the initial diagnosis were present in 41 (40.2%) and 44 (43.1%) cases, respectively. In 17 patients (16.7%), the primary manifestation could not be ascertained (NNUP; neuroendocrine neoplasms of unknown primary). Histological grading (HG) revealed 24/102 (23.5%) NET/NEC (poorly differentiated; high grade G3) and 78/102 (76.5%) NET (highly or moderately differentiated; low−high grade G1−G2). In total, 53/102 (51.9%) patients presented with metastatic disease (UICC IV), 11/102 (10.7%) patients presented with multifocal disease, and 56/102 (54.9%) patients underwent a primary surgical or endoscopic approach, whereas 28 (27.5%) patients received systemic cytoreductive treatment. The univariate analysis revealed the GPS and PI (prognostic index), as well as UICC-stage IV, HG, and the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) to predict both the PFS and OS in GEP-NEN patients. However, the calculation of the survival did not separate GPS subgroups at lower risk (GPS 0 versus GPS 1). Upon the subsequent multivariate analysis, GPS was the only independent predictor of both OS (p < 0.0001; HR = 3.459, 95% CI = 1.263−6.322) and PFS (p < 0.003; HR = 2.119, 95% CI = 0.944−4.265). Conclusion: In line with previous results for other entities, the present study revealed the GPS at baseline to be the only independent predictor of survival across all stages of GEP-NEN, and thus supports its clinical utility for risk stratification in this group of patients.
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BACKGROUND: The composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is conditioned by immunity and the inflammatory response. Nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores have emerged as relevant predictors of survival outcome across a variety of hematological malignancies. METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter trial, we ascertained the prognostic impact of established nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores [Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), C-reactive-protein/albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and prognostic index (PI)] in 209 eligible patients with histologically confirmed CD20+ follicular lymphoma (FL) of WHO grade 1 (37.3%), 1-2 (16.3%), 2 (26.8%) or 3A (19.8%) admitted to the participating centers between January 2000 and December 2019. Characteristics significantly associated with overall or progression-free survival (OS, PFS) upon univariate analysis were subsequently included in a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: In the study cohort, the median age was 63 (range 22-90 years). The median follow-up period covered 99 months. The GPS and the CAR were identified to predict survival in FL patients. The GPS was the only independent predictor of OS (p < 0.0001; HR 2.773; 95% CI 1.630-4.719) and PFS (p = 0.001; HR 1.995; 95% CI 1.352-2.944) upon multivariate analysis. Additionally, there was frequent occurrence of progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) in FL patients with a calculated GPS of 2. CONCLUSION: The current results indicate that the GPS predicts especially OS in FL patients. Moreover, GPS was found to display disease-specific effects in regard to FL progression. These findings and potential combinations with additional established prognosticators should be further validated within prospective clinical trials.
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Linfoma Folicular , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígenos CD20/imunologia , Humanos , Inflamação , Linfoma Folicular/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Microambiente Tumoral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) represents a clinically heterogeneous subtype of aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Targeted-sequencing studies and a single-center whole-exome sequencing (WES) study in HIV-positive patients recently revealed several genes associated with PBL pathogenesis; however, the global mutational landscape and transcriptional profile of PBL remain elusive. To inform on disease-associated mutational drivers, mutational patterns, and perturbed pathways in HIV-positive and HIV-negative PBL, we performed WES and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-sequencing) of 33 PBL tumors. Integrative analysis of somatic mutations and gene expression profiles was performed to acquire insights into the divergent genotype-phenotype correlation in Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+) and EBV- PBL. We describe a significant accumulation of mutations in the JAK signal transducer and transcription activator (OSMR, STAT3, PIM1, and SOCS1), as well as receptor tyrosine-kinase RAS (ERBB3, NRAS, PDGFRB, and NTRK) pathways. We provide further evidence of frequent perturbances of NF-κB signaling (NFKB2 and BTK). Induced pathways, identified by RNA-sequencing, closely resemble the mutational profile regarding alterations accentuated in interleukin-6/JAK/STAT signaling, NF-κB activity, and MYC signaling. Moreover, class I major histocompatibility complex-mediated antigen processing and cell cycle regulation were significantly affected by EBV status. An almost exclusive upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling in EBV+ PBL and a significantly induced expression of NTRK3 in concert with recurrent oncogenic mutations in EBV- PBL hint at a specific therapeutically targetable mechanism in PBL subgroups. Our characterization of a mutational and transcriptomic landscape in PBL, distinct from that of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma, substantiates the pathobiological independence of PBL in the spectrum of B-cell malignancies and thereby refines the taxonomy for aggressive lymphomas.
Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Linfoma Plasmablástico , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Genômica , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Humanos , Linfoma Plasmablástico/complicações , Linfoma Plasmablástico/diagnóstico , Linfoma Plasmablástico/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Transdução de Sinais , TranscriptomaRESUMO
The recent characterization of a group of non-MYC rearranged aggressive B-cell lymphomas, resembling Burkitt lymphoma (BL), characteristically harboring a telomeric 11q loss or combined 11q proximal gains/loss pattern has led to the introduction of the provisional entity of Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration (BLL-11q). Prompted by the discovery of a telomeric 11q loss in an HIV+ high-grade B-cell lymphoma patient, we investigated an extended cohort of aggressive B-cell lymphomas, enriched for cases with histopathological features intermediate between DLBCL and BL, including double- and triple-hit lymphomas (n = 47), for 11q loss/combined 11q proximal gains/loss pattern by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We provide first evidence that 11q aberrations can be found in both BLL in the context of an underlying HIV infection as well as in high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC, BCL2, and/or BCL6 rearrangements. We therefore propose that the clinicopathological spectrum of malignancies carrying this aberration may be broader than previously assumed.
Assuntos
Linfoma de Burkitt , Infecções por HIV , Linfoma de Células B , Linfoma de Burkitt/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Burkitt/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Linfoma de Células B/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B/genéticaRESUMO
High-grade B-cell lymphoma, with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (double/triple-hit high grade B-cell lymphoma, HGBL-DH/TH) constitutes a provisional entity among B-cell malignancies with an aggressive behavior and dire prognosis. While evidence for the essential prognostic role of the composition of the tumor-microenvironment (TME) in hematologic malignancies is growing, its prognostic impact in HGBL-DH/TH remains unknown. In this study, we outline the adaptive immune response in a cohort of 47 HGBL-DH/TH and 27 triple-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (tnDLBCL) patients in a large-scale, next-generation sequencing (NGS) investigation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) ß-chain repertoire and supplement our findings with data on the Glasgow-Prognostic Score (GPS) at diagnosis, as a score-derived measure of systemic inflammation. We supplement these studies with an immunophenotypic investigation of the TME. Our findings demonstrate that the clonal architecture of the TCR repertoire of HGBL-DH/TH differs significantly from tnDLBCL. Moreover, several entity-exclusive clonotypes, suggestive of tumor-neoantigen selection are identified. Additionally, both productive clonality and percentage of maximum frequency clone as measures of TCR repertoire diversity and tumor-directed activity of the adaptive immune system had significant impact on overall survival (OS; productive clonality: p = 0.0273; HR: 2.839; CI: 1.124-7.169; maximum productive frequency: p = 0.0307; HR: 2.167; CI: 1.074-4.370) but not PFS (productive clonality: p = 0.4459; maximum productive frequency: p = 0.5567) in HGBL-DH/TH patients, while GPS was a significant predictor of both OS and PFS (OS: p < 0.0001; PFS: p = 0.0002). Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed GPS and the revised international prognostic index (R-IPI) to be the only prognosticators holding significant impact for OS (GPS: p = 0.038; R-IPI: p = 0.006) and PFS (GPS: p = 0.029; R-IPI: p = 0.006) in HGBL-DH/TH. Through the identification of expanded, recurrent and entity-exclusive TCR-clonotypes we provide indications for a distinct subset of tumor-neoantigenic elements exclusively shared among HGBL-DH/TH. Further, we demonstrate an adverse prognostic role for both systemic inflammation and uniform adaptive immune response.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive B-cell malignancy with a heterogenous clinical and prognostic spectrum, determined by multiple factors, including age, HIV- and MYC-status. While there exist several validated scoring systems for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which incorporate basic clinical features (age, lactate dehydrogenase, sites of (extranodal) involvement, stage and performance), none of these have been systematically assessed in PBL. METHODS: We determined the (age-adjusted; aa)-International Prognostic Index (IPI), revised IPI (R-IPI), and National Comprehensive Cancer Network IPI (NCCN-IPI) in a comprehensive multi-center cohort (n = 78) of PBL patients. Further, all indices were comparatively investigated for model quality and concordance. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed significant prognostic capabilities for all indices, all of which identified a subgroup with favorable outcome. Discriminatory power between patients with less benign prognosis and especially refractory disease exhibited significant variability. Subsequently, stratified models for each risk score were compared employing corrected Akaike's information criterion (cAIC) and Harrel's concordance index (c-index). Here, the NCCN-IPI outperformed both IPI and R-IPI regarding c-index with ambiguous cAIC results, underlining its clinical utility and suggesting it for preferential use in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: Our current observations support the use of the IPI and its enhanced derivatives in PBL patients. There is, however, a distinct requirement for novel prognostic tools to better delineate subgroups at risk for early relapse or refractory disease as well as late relapse. A comprehensive molecular characterization of a clinically annotated cohort of PBL patients is therefore urgently warranted.