RESUMO
Quit date abstinence (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based on low-quality randomized controlled trial [RCT] of healthy subjects) and refraining from tobacco products within the first 2 weeks after an attempt (SOR: A, based on 2 RCTs) predict long-term abstinence from smoking. Inconsistent studies variously identify being married, a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) within the past 2 years, a higher education level, advanced age, and social status (such as being a homeowner) as factors correlated with successful smoking cessation (SOR: C, based on prospective cohort studies with conflicting results). Smoking cessation rates increase in a dose-response relationship with minutes per counseling session, number of counseling sessions, and total minutes of counseling time (SOR: A, based on good-quality meta-analyses). Among counseling techniques, providing smokers with practical counseling (problem-solving skills), providing social support as part of treatment, helping smokers obtain social support outside of treatment, and use of aversive smoking interventions (eg, rapid smoking) seem to be efficacious (SOR: B, based on limited-quality meta-analyses).
Assuntos
Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Aconselhamento , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/terapia , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Apoio SocialRESUMO
This paper examines recent developments in hospital librarianship in the United States, including the current status of hospital-based clinical library services. Several examples of hospital library services are presented that demonstrate some characteristics of struggling and thriving services. The implications of the informationist concept are considered. The continuation of the hospital librarian's primary role in support of patient care is explored, as core competencies are reexamined for relevancy in the new millennium.