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1.
BMC Genomics ; 16: 425, 2015 Jun 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26032017

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Animals experience stress in many contexts and often successfully cope. Individuals exhibiting the proactive versus reactive stress coping styles display qualitatively different behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stressors. The predisposition to exhibiting a particular coping style is due to genetic and environmental factors. In this study we explore the neurotranscriptomic and gene network biases that are associated with differences between zebrafish (Danio rerio) lines selected for proactive and reactive coping styles and reared in a common garden environment. RESULTS: Using RNA-sequencing we quantified the basal transcriptomes from the brains of wild-derived zebrafish lines selectively bred to exhibit the proactive or reactive stress coping style. We identified 1953 genes that differed in baseline gene expression levels. Weighted gene coexpression network analyses identified one gene module associated with line differences. Together with our previous pharmacological experiment, we identified a core set of 62 genes associated with line differences. Gene ontology analyses reveal that many of these core genes are implicated in neurometabolism (e.g. organic acid biosynthetic and fatty acid metabolic processes). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that proactive and reactive stress coping individuals display distinct basal neurotranscriptomic states. Differences in baseline expression of select genes or regulation of specific gene modules are linked to the magnitude of the behavioral response and the display of a coping style, respectively. Our results expand the molecular mechanisms of stress coping from one focused on the neurotransmitter systems to a more complex system that involves an organism's capability to handle neurometabolic loads and allows for comparisons with other animal taxa to uncover potential conserved mechanisms.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Transcriptoma , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Animais , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , RNA/análise , RNA/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Peixe-Zebra/genética
2.
BMC Genomics ; 15: 905, 2014 Oct 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25326170

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Male and female vertebrates typically differ in a range of characteristics, from morphology to physiology to behavior, which are influenced by factors such as the social environment and the internal hormonal and genetic milieu. However, sex differences in gene expression profiles in the brains of vertebrates are only beginning to be understood. Fishes provide a unique complement to studies of sex differences in mammals and birds given that fish show extreme plasticity and lability of sexually dimorphic characters and behaviors during development and even adulthood. Hence, teleost models can give additional insight into sexual differentiation. The goal of this study is to identify neurotranscriptomic mechanisms for sex differences in the brain. RESULTS: In this study we examined whole-brain sex-biased gene expression through RNA-sequencing across four strains of zebrafish. We subsequently conducted systems level analyses by examining gene network dynamics between the sexes using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Surprisingly, only 61 genes (approximately 0.4% of genes analyzed) showed a significant sex effect across all four strains, and 48 of these differences were male-biased. Several of these genes are associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis. Despite sex differences in a display of stress-related behaviors, basal transcript levels did not predict the intensity of the behavioral display. WGCNA revealed only one module that was significantly associated with sex. Intriguingly, comparing intermodule dynamics between the sexes revealed only moderate preservation. Further we identify sex-specific gene modules. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences in morphology, physiology, and behavior, there is limited sex-biased neural gene expression in zebrafish. Further, genes found to be sex-biased are associated with hormone biosynthesis, suggesting that sex steroid hormones may be key contributors to sexual behavioral plasticity seen in teleosts. A possible mechanism is through regulating specific brain gene networks.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Animais , Feminino , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Fatores Sexuais , Peixe-Zebra/anatomia & histologia , Peixe-Zebra/classificação
3.
Brain Behav Evol ; 83(3): 231-43, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24854097

RESUMO

Choosing mates is a commonly shared behavior across many organisms, with important fitness consequences. Variations in female preferences can be due in part to differences in neural and cellular activity during mate selection. Initial studies have begun to identify putative brain regions involved in mate preference, yet the understanding of the neural processes regulating these behaviors is still nascent. In this study, we characterized the expression of a gene involved in synaptogenesis and plasticity (neuroligin-3) and one that codes for the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis (tyrosine hydroxylase; TH1) in the female Xiphophorus nigrensis (northern swordtail) brain as related to mate preference behavior. We exposed females to a range of different mate choice contexts including two large courting males (LL), two small coercive males (SS), and a context that paired a large courting male with a small coercive male (LS). Neuroligin-3 expression in a mate preference context (LS) showed significant correlations with female preference in two telencephalic areas (Dm and Dl), a hypothalamic nucleus (HV), and two regions associated with sexual and social behavior (POA and Vv). We did not observe any context- or behavior-specific changes in tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression concomitant with female preference in any of the brain regions examined. Analysis of TH and neuroligin-3 expression across different brain regions showed that expression patterns varied with the male social environment only for neuroligin-3, where the density of correlated expression between brain regions was positively associated with mate choice contexts that involved a greater number of courting male phenotypes (LS and LL). This study identified regions showing presumed high levels of synaptic plasticity using neuroligin-3, implicating and supporting their roles in female mate preference, but we did not detect any relationship between tyrosine hydroxylase and mate preference with 30 min of stimulus presentation in X. nigrensis. These data suggest that information about potential mates is processed in select forebrain regions and the entire brain shows different degrees of correlated expression depending on the mate preference context.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Moléculas de Adesão Celular Neuronais/metabolismo , Ciprinodontiformes/fisiologia , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Preferência de Acasalamento Animal/fisiologia , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Animais , Tamanho Corporal , Comportamento de Escolha/fisiologia , Estradiol/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Hibridização In Situ , Telencéfalo/fisiologia
4.
Ecol Evol ; 14(9): e70237, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39219576

RESUMO

Although bold and shy behavioral phenotypes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been selectively bred and maintained over multiple generations, it is unclear if they are underscored by different gut microbiota. Using the microbiota-gut-brain concept, we examined the relationship between gut microbiota and the behavioral phenotypes within this model animal system to assess possible gut microbe-mediated effects on host behavior. To this end, we amplified and sequenced 16S rRNA gene amplicons from the guts of bold and shy zebrafish individuals using the Illumina Miseq platform. We did not record any significant differences in within-group microbial diversity nor between-group community composition of the two behavioral phenotypes. Interestingly, though not statistically different, we determined that the gut microbial community of the bold phenotype was dominated by Burkholderiaceae, Micropepsaceae, and Propionibacteriaceae. In contrast, the shy phenotype was dominated by Beijerinckaceae, Pirelullacaeae, Rhizobiales_Incertis_Sedis, and Rubinishaeraceae. The absence of any significant difference in gut microbiome profiles between the two phenotypes would suggest that in this species, there might exist a stable core gut microbiome, regardless of behavioral phenotypes, and possibly, a limited role for the gut microbiota in modulating this selected-for host behavior. This study characterized the gut microbiomes of distinct innate behavioral phenotypes of the zebrafish (that are not considered dysbiotic states) and did not rely on antibiotic or probiotic treatments to induce changes in behavior. Such studies are crucial to our understanding of the modulating impacts of the gut microbiome on normative animal behavior.

5.
bioRxiv ; 2024 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38853862

RESUMO

Different animal behavioral phenotypes maintained and selectively bred over multiple generations may be underscored by dissimilar gut microbial community compositions or not have any significant dissimilarity in community composition. Operating within the microbiota-gut-brain axis framework, we anticipated differences in gut microbiome profiles between zebrafish (Danio rerio) selectively bred to display the bold and shy personality types. This would highlight gut microbe-mediated effects on host behavior. To this end, we amplified and sequenced a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene from the guts of bold and shy zebrafish individuals (n=10) via Miseq. We uncovered no significant difference in within-group microbial diversity nor between-group microbial community composition of the two behavioral phenotypes. Interestingly, though not statistically different, we determined that the gut microbial community of the bold phenotype was dominated by Burkholderiaceae, Micropepsaceae, and Propionibacteriaceae. In contrast, the shy phenotype was dominated by Beijerinckaceae, Pirelullacaeae, Rhizobiales_Incertis_Sedis, and Rubinishaeraceae. The absence of any significant difference in gut microbiota profiles between the two phenotypes would suggest that in this species, there might exist a stable "core" gut microbiome, regardless of behavioral phenotypes, and or possibly, a limited role for the gut microbiota in modulating this selected-for host behavior. This is the first study to characterize the gut microbial community of distinct innate behavioral phenotypes of the zebrafish (that are not considered dysbiotic states) and not rely on antibiotic or probiotic treatments to induce changes in behavior. Such studies are crucial to our understanding of the modulating impacts of the gut microbiome on normative animal behavior.

6.
BMC Genomics ; 14: 348, 2013 May 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23706039

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Stress and anxiety-related behaviors are seen in many organisms. Studies have shown that in humans and other animals, treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g. fluoxetine) can reduce anxiety and anxiety-related behaviors. The efficacies and side effects, however, can vary between individuals. Fluoxetine can modulate anxiety in a stereospecific manner or with equal efficacy regardless of stereoisomer depending on the mechanism of action (e.g. serotonergic or GABAergic effects). Zebrafish are an emerging and valuable translational model for understanding human health related issues such as anxiety. In this study we present data showing the behavioral and whole brain transcriptome changes with fluoxetine treatment in wild-derived zebrafish and suggest additional molecular mechanisms of this widely-prescribed drug. RESULTS: We used automated behavioral analyses to assess the effects of racemic and stereoisomeric fluoxetine on male wild-derived zebrafish. Both racemic and the individual isomers of fluoxetine reduced anxiety-related behaviors relative to controls and we did not observe stereospecific fluoxetine effects. Using RNA-sequencing of the whole brain, we identified 411 genes showing differential expression with racemic fluoxetine treatment. Several neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y, isotocin, urocortin 3, prolactin) showed consistent expression patterns with the alleviation of stress and anxiety when anxiety-related behavior was reduced with fluoxetine treatment. With gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses, we identified lipid and amino acid metabolic processes, and steroid biosynthesis among other terms to be over-enriched. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that fluoxetine reduces anxiety-related behaviors in wild-derived zebrafish and alters their neurogenomic state. We identify two biological processes, lipid and amino acid metabolic synthesis that characterize differences in the fluoxetine treated fish. Fluoxetine may be acting on several different molecular pathways to reduce anxiety-related behaviors in wild-derived zebrafish. This study provides data that could help identify common molecular mechanisms of fluoxetine action across animal taxa.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Sistema Nervoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso/metabolismo , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Transcriptoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Peixe-Zebra/genética , Animais , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiedade/genética , Fluoxetina/química , Fluoxetina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/química , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Estereoisomerismo
7.
bioRxiv ; 2023 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37034630

RESUMO

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are constantly exposed to pathogens, including viruses. However, serious brain infection via the olfactory route rarely occurs. When OSNs detect a virus, they coordinate local antiviral immune responses to stop virus progression to the brain. Despite effective immune control in the olfactory periphery, pathogen-triggered neuronal signals reach the CNS via the olfactory bulb (OB). We hypothesized that neuronal detection of a virus by OSNs initiates neuroimmune responses in the OB that prevent pathogen invasion. Using zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) as a model, we demonstrate viral-specific neuronal activation of OSNs projecting into the OB, indicating that OSNs are electrically activated by viruses. Further, behavioral changes are seen in both adult and larval zebrafish after viral exposure. By profiling the transcription of single cells in the OB after OSNs are exposed to virus, we found that both microglia and neurons enter a protective state. Microglia and macrophage populations in the OB respond within minutes of nasal viral delivery followed decreased expression of neuronal differentiation factors and enrichment of genes in the neuropeptide signaling pathway in neuronal clusters. Pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide ( pacap ), a known antimicrobial, was especially enriched in a neuronal cluster. We confirm that PACAP is antiviral in vitro and that PACAP expression increases in the OB 1 day post-viral treatment. Our work reveals how encounters with viruses in the olfactory periphery shape the vertebrate brain by inducing antimicrobial programs in neurons and by altering host behavior.

8.
Gen Comp Endocrinol ; 170(2): 381-90, 2011 Jan 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20977908

RESUMO

Estrogen is associated with female sexual behaviors, particularly receptive behaviors during the reproductive cycle. Less is known about the relationship between estrogen and female preference behaviors that may precede receptivity and copulation. Separating the mechanisms underlying preference from receptivity is often confounded by the tightly coupled cycle- or estrogen-dependent expression of female sexual behaviors. Here we utilize a live-bearing poeciliid (Xiphophorus nigrensis), a model species for studying the evolution of female mate choice that can store sperm over multiple brood cycles. We assayed estradiol along with preference, receptivity and locomotor behaviors in gestating females and then re-tested these females on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-parturition. With a posteriori reproductive cycle assessment, we asked whether reproductive state predicts differences in (i) estradiol levels, and (ii) behaviors (preference, receptivity, and general locomotor activity). We then examined if estradiol levels (independent of reproductive state) explain any variation in these behaviors. We found that endogenous estradiol levels vary across the reproductive cycle: gestating females had lower estradiol levels than those undergoing vitellogenesis/fertilization. In contrast, receptivity and preference behaviors did not vary over the reproductive cycle. Estradiol levels did not predict variation in receptive behavior, but were associated with increased locomotion. While individual female preference behaviors were consistent across the reproductive cycle, there was a small negative relationship between estradiol and preference behaviors explaining between 3% and 10% of the inter-female variation in preference behavior. Our data indicate X. nigrensis females may exhibit a facultatively dissociated reproductive system.


Assuntos
Ciprinodontiformes/fisiologia , Estradiol/metabolismo , Preferência de Acasalamento Animal , Reprodução/fisiologia , Animais , Ciprinodontiformes/metabolismo , Feminino , Masculino , Comportamento Sexual Animal
9.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 12074, 2021 06 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34103598

RESUMO

Learning to anticipate potentially dangerous contexts is an adaptive behavioral response to coping with stressors. An animal's stress coping style (e.g. proactive-reactive axis) is known to influence how it encodes salient events. However, the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying these stress coping style differences in learning are unknown. Further, while a number of neuroplasticity-related genes have been associated with alternative stress coping styles, it is unclear if these genes may bias the development of conditioned behavioral responses to stressful stimuli, and if so, which brain regions are involved. Here, we trained adult zebrafish to associate a naturally aversive olfactory cue with a given context. Next, we investigated if expression of two neural plasticity and neurotransmission-related genes (npas4a and gabbr1a) were associated with the contextual fear conditioning differences between proactive and reactive stress coping styles. Reactive zebrafish developed a stronger conditioned fear response and showed significantly higher npas4a expression in the medial and lateral zones of the dorsal telencephalon (Dm, Dl), and the supracommissural nucleus of the ventral telencephalon (Vs). Our findings suggest that the expression of activity-dependent genes like npas4a may be differentially expressed across several interconnected forebrain regions in response to fearful stimuli and promote biases in fear learning among different stress coping styles.


Assuntos
Medo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Aprendizagem , Prosencéfalo/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/biossíntese , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Animais
10.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 13076, 2020 08 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32753576

RESUMO

Variation in stress responses between individuals are linked to factors ranging from stress coping styles to sensitivity of neurotransmitter systems. Many anxiolytic compounds (e.g. ethanol) can increase stressor engagement through modulation of neurotransmitter systems and are used to investigate stress response mechanisms. There are two alternative suites of correlated behavioral and physiological responses to stressors (stress coping styles) that differ in exploration tendencies: proactive and reactive stress coping styles. By chronically treating individuals differing in stress coping style with ethanol, a GABA-acting drug, we assessed the role of the GABAergic system on the behavioral stress response. Specifically, we investigated resulting changes in stress-related behavior (i.e. exploratory behavior) and whole-brain GABAA receptor subunits (gabra1, gabra2, gabrd, & gabrg2) in response to a novelty stressor. We found that ethanol-treated proactive individuals showed lower stress-related behaviors than their reactive counterparts. Proactive individuals showed significantly higher expression of gabra1, gabra2, and gabrg2 compared to reactive individuals and ethanol treatment resulted in upregulation of gabra1 and gabrg2 in both stress coping styles. These results suggest that impacts of ethanol on stress-related behaviors vary by stress coping style and that expression of select GABAA receptor subunits may be one of the underlying mechanisms.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol/farmacologia , Receptores de GABA-A/genética , Estresse Psicológico/genética , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Peixe-Zebra
11.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 9935, 2019 07 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31289317

RESUMO

Animals frequently overcome stressors and the ability to learn and recall these salient experiences is essential to an individual's survival. As part of an animal's stress coping style, behavioral and physiological responses to stressors are often consistent across contexts and time. However, we are only beginning to understand how cognitive traits can be biased by different coping styles. Here we investigate learning and memory differences in zebrafish (Danio rerio) displaying proactive and reactive stress coping styles. We assessed learning rate and memory duration using an associative fear conditioning paradigm that trained zebrafish to associate a context with exposure to a natural olfactory alarm cue. Our results show that both proactive and reactive zebrafish learn and remember this fearful association. However, we note significant interaction effects between stress coping style and cognition. Zebrafish with the reactive stress coping style acquired the fear memory at a significantly faster rate than proactive fish. While both stress coping styles showed equal memory recall one day post-conditioning, reactive zebrafish showed significantly stronger recall of the conditioned context relative to proactive fish four days post-conditioning. Through understanding how stress coping strategies promote biases in processing salient information, we gain insight into mechanisms that can constrain adaptive behavioral responses.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Medo/fisiologia , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico , Peixe-Zebra/fisiologia , Animais
12.
R Soc Open Sci ; 6(5): 181797, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31218026

RESUMO

Animals experience stress in a variety of contexts and the behavioural and neuroendocrine responses to stress can vary among conspecifics. The responses across stressors often covary within an individual and are consistently different between individuals, which represent distinct stress coping styles (e.g. proactive and reactive). While studies have identified differences in peak glucocorticoid levels, less is known about how cortisol levels differ between stress coping styles at other time points of the glucocorticoid stress response. Here we quantified whole-body cortisol levels and stress-related behaviours (e.g. depth preference, movement) at time points representing the rise and recovery periods of the stress response in zebrafish lines selectively bred to display the proactive and reactive coping style. We found that cortisol levels and stress behaviours are significantly different between the lines, sexes and time points. Further, individuals from the reactive line showed significantly higher cortisol levels during the rising phase of the stress response compared with those from the proactive line. We also observed a significant correlation between individual variation of cortisol levels and depth preference but only in the reactive line. Our results show that differences in cortisol levels between the alternative stress coping styles extend to the rising phase of the endocrine stress response and that cortisol levels may explain variation in depth preferences in the reactive line. Differences in the timing and duration of cortisol levels may influence immediate behavioural displays and longer lasting neuromolecular mechanisms that modulate future responses.

13.
Proc Biol Sci ; 275(1633): 393-402, 2008 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18055387

RESUMO

Sensory physiology has been shown to influence female mate choice, yet little is known about the mechanisms within the brain that regulate this critical behaviour. Here we examine preference behaviour of 58 female swordtails, Xiphophorus nigrensis, in four different social environments (attractive and unattractive males, females only, non-attractive males only and asocial conditions) followed by neural gene expression profiling. We used a brain-specific cDNA microarray to identify patterns of genomic response and candidate genes, followed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) examination of gene expression with variation in behaviour. Our microarray results revealed patterns of genomic response differing more between classes of social stimuli than between presence versus absence of stimuli. We identified suites of genes showing diametrically opposed patterns of expression: genes that are turned 'on' while females interact with attractive males are turned 'off' when interacting with other females, and vice versa. Our qPCR results identified significant predictive relationships between five candidate genes and specific mate choice behaviours (preference and receptivity) across females exposed to males, with no significant patterns identified in female or asocial conditions or with overall locomotor activity. The identification of stimulus- and behaviour-specific responses opens an exciting window into the molecular pathways associated with social behaviour and mechanisms that underlie sexual selection.


Assuntos
Ciprinodontiformes/fisiologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Preferência de Acasalamento Animal/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso/metabolismo , Meio Social , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Análise por Conglomerados , Ciprinodontiformes/genética , Feminino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Fatores Sexuais
14.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 12114, 2018 08 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30108258

RESUMO

Behavioral responses to novel situations often vary and can belong to a suite of correlated behaviors. Characteristic behaviors of different personality types (e.g. stress coping styles) are generally consistent across contexts and time. Here, we compare the repeatability and reliability of exploratory behaviors between zebrafish strains selectively bred to display contrasting behavioral responses to stressors that represent the proactive-reactive axis. Specifically, we measure exploratory behavior of individual fish in an open field test over five weeks. We quantified the stationary time, average swimming speed and time spent by a fish in the center area. We found a number of strain differences for each behavioral measure. Stationary time was the most repeatable and reliable measure for assessing proactive-reactive behavioral differences. Reactive zebrafish generally showed the highest reliability and repeatability of exploratory behavior compared to proactive zebrafish and a separate wild caught strain. Given the increased interest in the evolutionary consequences and proximate mechanisms of consistent individual differences, it will be important to continue to investigate how different selective pressures may influence expression of stress coping styles and their effects on the consistency of an animal's behavior.


Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologia , Individualidade , Peixe-Zebra/fisiologia , Animais , Animais de Laboratório/fisiologia , Animais Selvagens/fisiologia , Técnicas de Observação do Comportamento , Feminino , Masculino , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia
15.
Genom Data ; 5: 206-209, 2015 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26309813

RESUMO

Behavioral displays or physiological responses are often influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms in the context of the organism's evolutionary history. Understanding differences in transcriptome profiles can give insight into adaptive or pathological responses. We utilize high throughput sequencing (RNA-sequencing) to characterize the neurotranscriptome profiles in both males and females across four strains of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Strains varied by previously documented differences in stress and anxiety-like behavioral responses, and generations removed from wild-caught individuals. Here we describe detailed methodologies and quality controls in generating the raw RNA-sequencing reads that are publically available in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE61108).

16.
PLoS One ; 7(11): e50355, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23209722

RESUMO

Female mate choice behavior is a critical component of sexual selection, yet identifying the neural basis of this behavior is largely unresolved. Previous studies have implicated sensory processing and hypothalamic brain regions during female mate choice and there is a conserved network of brain regions (Social Behavior Network, SBN) that underlies sexual behaviors. However, we are only beginning to understand the role this network has in pre-copulatory female mate choice. Using in situ hybridization, we identify brain regions associated with mate preference in female Xiphophorus nigrensis, a swordtail species with a female choice mating system. We measure gene expression in 10 brain regions (linked to sexual behavior, reward, sensory integration or other processes) and find significant correlations between female preference behavior and gene expression in two telencephalic areas associated with reward, learning and multi-sensory processing (medial and lateral zones of the dorsal telencephalon) as well as an SBN region traditionally associated with sexual response (preoptic area). Network analysis shows that these brain regions may also be important in mate preference and that correlated patterns of neuroserpin expression between regions co-vary with differential compositions of the mate choice environment. Our results expand the emerging network for female preference from one that focused on sensory processing and midbrain sexual response centers to a more complex coordination involving forebrain areas that integrate primary sensory processing and reward.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Ciprinodontiformes/fisiologia , Comportamento Sexual Animal , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Digoxigenina/metabolismo , Estradiol/metabolismo , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Hibridização In Situ , Preferência de Acasalamento Animal/fisiologia , Modelos Estatísticos , Neuropeptídeos/biossíntese , Serpinas/biossíntese , Telencéfalo , Neuroserpina
17.
Front Neurosci ; 6: 62, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22557945

RESUMO

Sensory and social inputs interact with underlying gene suites to coordinate social behavior. Here we use a naturally complex system in sexual selection studies, the swordtail, to explore how genes associated with mate preference, receptivity, and social affiliation interact in the female brain under specific social conditions. We focused on 11 genes associated with mate preference in this species (neuroserpin, neuroligin-3, NMDA receptor, tPA, stathmin-2, ß-1 adrenergic receptor) or with female sociosexual behaviors in other taxa (vasotocin, isotocin, brain aromatase, α-1 adrenergic receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase). We exposed females to four social conditions, including pairings of differing mate choice complexity (large males, large/small males, small males), and a social control (two females). Female mate preference differed significantly by context. Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) of behaviors revealed a primary axis (explaining 50.2% between-group variance) highlighting differences between groups eliciting high preference behaviors (LL, LS) vs. other contexts, and a secondary axis capturing general measures distinguishing a non-favored group (SS) from other groups. Gene expression MDA revealed a major axis (68.4% between-group variance) that distinguished amongst differential male pairings and was driven by suites of "preference and receptivity genes"; whereas a second axis, distinguishing high affiliation groups (large males, females) from low (small males), was characterized by traditional affiliative-associated genes (isotocin, vasotocin). We found context-specific correlations between behavior and gene MDA, suggesting gene suites covary with behaviors in a socially relevant context. Distinct associations between "affiliative" and "preference" axes suggest mate preference may be mediated by distinct clusters from those of social affiliation. Our results highlight the need to incorporate natural complexity of mating systems into behavioral genomics.

18.
Plast Reconstr Surg ; 125(4): 1257-1262, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20335878

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of non-plastic surgeons performing cosmetic procedures. This has the potential to have an impact on the plastic surgery practitioner by increasing competition and bringing into question the assurance of patient safety. In this study, a demographic analysis was performed of providers of invasive and minimally invasive cosmetic treatments in the Southern California region. METHODS: Providers of minimally invasive aesthetic procedures were catalogued using the sales lists from the manufacturers of the hyaluronic acid fillers Juvéderm and Restylane. The data set was further analyzed to enumerate the providers of surgical treatments, with a focus on the provision of liposuction. Data were analyzed using Environmental Systems Research Institute ArcGIS to focus on the Southern California area. Physician board certification and training background were detailed exhaustively. RESULTS: In the 45,238-square mile area encompassing the San Diego/Los Angeles megalopolis, there are 1867 cosmetic practitioners offering hyaluronic acid injections. Of this number, 495 are trained in plastic surgery. In the same geographic region, there are 834 individuals offering liposuction. Practitioners are concentrated in downtown Los Angeles and San Diego, where the potential patient-to-provider ratios are 1088:1 and 1185:1, respectively. Interestingly, primary care physicians comprise the third largest group providing hyaluronic acid fillers and the fourth largest group of liposuction providers. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' data demonstrate that there are numerous non-plastic surgeons performing cosmetic procedures, especially in the field of minimally invasive therapies. In addition, there is a growing contingent of non-surgery-trained individuals providing surgical cosmetic treatments, especially liposuction.


Assuntos
Certificação/estatística & dados numéricos , Técnicas Cosméticas/estatística & dados numéricos , Lipectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgia Plástica/estatística & dados numéricos , California/epidemiologia , Técnicas Cosméticas/normas , Bases de Dados Factuais , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Humanos , Ácido Hialurônico/uso terapêutico , Lipectomia/normas , Los Angeles/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/normas , Cirurgia Plástica/normas , Viscossuplementos/uso terapêutico , Recursos Humanos
19.
J Exp Biol ; 210(Pt 13): 2244-52, 2007 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17575030

RESUMO

Mormyrid electric fish rely on the waveform of their electric organ discharges (EODs) for communicating species, sex, and social status, while they use the sequences of pulse intervals (SPIs) for communicating rapidly changing behavioral states and motivation. Little is known of electric signaling during courtship behavior because of two major difficulties: (1) the fish are not easily bred in captivity and (2) there is no reliable means of separating electric signals from several individuals in natural communication settings. Through simulating artificial rain conditions, we have successfully induced courtship and succeeded in breeding a mormyrid electric fish (Brienomyrus brachyistius) in the laboratory. We have also developed a system of video recording and editing combined with cross correlation analysis to precisely record and view behavior and separate EODs from two individuals in non-breeding and breeding contexts. Knowing the electrical and motor patterns during courtship allows for further exploration of topics such as mate choice and neural basis of pattern generation in these fish. Here we describe nine common motor displays and 11 SPIs. Analysis of frequency of occurrences suggests that some SPI patterns are sex and season specific. We also observed electrical duetting called ;rasp matching' during courtship signaling among pairs; males and females exchange ;rasps' and ;bursts', respectively, in alternation. Our study employs new techniques to separate and document SPIs in the context of courtship. We show that some SPIs correlate with specific behavioral acts around the time of spawning.


Assuntos
Peixe Elétrico/fisiologia , Eletrofisiologia , Comportamento Sexual Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Masculino
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