Maximizing polyphenol yield: ultrasound-assisted extraction and antimicrobial potential of mango peel.

This study investigated the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques used to enhance the polyphenols and antioxidants of mango peel extract (MPE). Additionally, it explored the bacteriostatic activity of MPE against various microorganisms. The UAE method was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) at different times, temperatures, and ratios, with optimal conditions found to be 35 minutes, 45 °C, and a 1:35 ratio. The optimized yield results for total polyphenol content (TPC) were 17.33 ± 1.57 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content (TFC) was 12.14 ± 0.29 mg QE/g, and radical scavenging activity (RSA) was 72.11 ± 2.19%. These response models were extremely significant with p-values less than 0.05. MPE showed selective effectiveness against Bacillus cereus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results highlight the potential of mango peel as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, contributing to waste reduction in the food industry and the development of natural antimicrobial agents. This study contributes to further research on the application of MPE in processed foods.

The utility of serum inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone and insulin growth factor-1 in predicting a positive response to GnRH analogs for diagnosing central precocious puberty in girls.

OBJECTIVES: The use of inhibin B (INHB), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in differentiating central precocious puberty (CPP) from non-CPP was evaluated. METHODS: In total, 115 Chinese girls were recruited (CPP: 44, non-CPP: 71). The diagnostic performance of INHB, AMH and IGF-1 in differentiating CPP from non-CPP was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: INHB levels were higher in the CPP group than in the non-CPP group (55.56 ± 22.42 vs. 32.97 ± 15.59 pg/mL; p<0.001). AMH levels were similar in the CPP and non-CPP groups (6.63 ± 3.74 vs. 5.70 ± 3.15 pg/mL; p=0.158), and IGF-1 levels were much higher in the CPP group than in the non-CPP group (290.75 ± 79.78 vs. 200.10 ± 54.01 pg/mL; p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was greatest for INHB (0.819, standard error (SE) 0.041), followed by IGF-1 (0.809, SE 0.047) and AMH (0.567, SE 0.057). Among the ROC curves including combinations of these parameters, the AUC for INHB + IGF-1 was 0.849 and that for INHB + AMH was 0.768. CONCLUSIONS: Serum INHB and IGF-1 measurements could predict positive responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog stimulation in girls with precocious puberty.

Precocious Puberty in Boys: A Study Based on Five Years of Data from a Single Center in Northern China

Objective: To evaluate the clinical features and etiology of precocious puberty (PP) in Chinese boys. Methods: In this study, data from boys who were referred for evaluation of PP from 2015 to 2020 at a tertiary hospital in Northern China were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Eighty-two boys were diagnosed with PP from 2015 to 2020. Sixty-two patients (75.6%) were diagnosed with central PP (CPP), and twenty patients (24.4%) were diagnosed with peripheral PP (PPP). In the CPP group, forty-nine cases were classified as idiopathic CPP, and thirteen patients had pathogenic CPP. The top three causes of PPP were congenital adrenal hyperplasia, germ cell tumors and familial male-limited PP. Conclusion: The etiology of PP in males is diverse. The majority of CPP cases in Chinese boys are idiopathic rather than organic.

Common-View Time Transfer Using Geostationary Satellite.

The National Time Service Center (NTSC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xi'an, China, has developed a method for common-view time transfer using Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite (GCV) applicable to the time and frequency transfer at distant stations. This method is independent of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time and frequency transfer, as well as two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT). A master clock at the time laboratory transmits pseudorandom code signals to a GEO telecommunication satellite, and the time signals are retransmitted by the satellite. Receivers at the time laboratory and user locations coincidentally receive the time signals, and the offsets between the user clocks and the master clock of the time laboratory are determined with high precision if the precise coordinates of the user locations are known. For this technology, only a parabolic antenna with receiver devices and a demodulator are required at each user station, but the coordinates and precise orbits need to be obtained in advance. The key features of GCV include 1) continuous coverage of the signal from GEO communication satellites; 2) differential observations to reduce the effects of orbit error and the imprecision of the propagation delay model; 3) using a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) to enhance high signal ratio to noise to obtain precise ranging accuracy and antimultipath ability; and 4) utilizing the C-band or Ku-band to decrease the impact of the ionosphere. Experiments based on the TWSTFT network of CAS showed that the performance of GCV was at the same level as that of TWSTFT, and the rms of the residuals of GCV was less than 1.5 ns with respect to TWSTFT.

Differential effects of APOE polymorphism in neurotoxicity-responsive astrocytes induced by inflammatory factor / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To discuss the differential effects of apolipoprotein E(APOE)gene polymorphism in the neurotoxicity-reactive astrocytes,and to provide the theoretical basis for the study of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods:The primary cortical astrocytes from the APOE-knockout mice(APOE-/-)were isolated and cultured in vitro,and the purity of the cells was identified by immunofluorescence staining.The human APOE3 and APOE4 recombinant over-expression plasmids were constructed and separately transfected into the primary APOE-/-astrocytes,and the APOE-/-primary cells were regarded as control.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of APOE and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)proteins in the cells;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method was used to detect the APOE level in the cellular culture supernatant.The inflammatory models were prepared with the primary astrocytes transfected with APOE3 and APOE4 and co-stimulated with interleukin-1α(IL-1α),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),and complement C1q.The cells were divided into APOE3+PBS group,APOE4+PBS group,APOE3+IL-1α+TNF+ C1q group,and APOE4+IL-1α+TNF+C1q group.Cell immunofluorescence staining method was used to observe the morphology of the cells in various groups;real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of glypican 4(Gpc4),glypican 6(Gpc6),thrombospondin 1(Thbs1),thrombospondin 2(Thbs2),SPARC-like protein 1(Sparcl1)and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),C3,and S100 calcium binding protein B(S100B)mRNA in the cells in various groups;microsphere phagocytosis assay was used to detect the phagocytic capacities of the cells in various groups;Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),and cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-3(Caspase-3)proteins in the cells in various groups.Results:Compared with APOE-/-group,the expression levels of APOE and GFAP proteins in the cells and the APOE level in the cellular culture supernatant in transfected APOE3 and transfected APOE4 groups were increased(P<0.01).The fluorescence microscope observation results showed that compared with APOE3+PBS and APOE4+PBS groups,the astrocytic processes in APOE3+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group and APOE4+IL-1α+TNF+Cq1 group became shorter and the cell bodies became larger;compared with APOE3+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group,the astrocytic processes in APOE4+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group were even shorter.Compared with APOE3+PBS and APOE4+PBS groups,the expression levels of Gpc4,Gpc6,Thbs1,Thbs2,and Sparcl1 mRNA in the cells in APOE3+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group and APOE4+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.01);compared with APOE3+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group,the expression levels of Gpc4,Gpc6,Thbs1,Thbs2,and Sparcl1 mRNA in the cells in APOE4+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with APOE3+PBS and APOE4+PBS groups,the expression levels of GDNF mRNA in the cells in APOE3+IL-1α+TNF+Cq1 group and APOE4+ IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group were decreased(P<0.01),and the expression levels of C3 and S100B mRNA were increased(P<0.01);compared with APOE3+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group,the expression level of GDNF mRNA in the cells in APOE4+IL-1α+TNF+Cq1 group was decreased(P<0.05),and the expression levels of C3 and S100B mRNA were increased(P<0.05).Compared with APOE3+ PBS group and APOE4+PBS group,the numbers of hagocytosis of microspheres in the cells in APOE3+ IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group and APOE4+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group were significantly decreased;compared with APOE3+IL-1α+TNF+Cq1 group,the number of hagocytosis of microspheres in the cells in APOE4+IL-1α+TNF+Cq1 group was significantly decreased.Compared with APOE3+PBS group and APOE4+PBS group,the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein in the cells in APOE3+IL-1α+TNF+ Cq1 group and APOE4+IL-1α +TNF+Cq1 group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and the expression levels of Caspase-3 protein were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with APOE3+ IL-1α+TNF+Cq1 group,the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the cells in APOE4+IL-1α+TNF+ Cq1 group was decreased(P<0.01),and the expression level of Caspase-3 protein was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:The APOE4 genotype has a stronger ability to induce the inflammatory factors compared with APOE3;it can lead to a neurotoxicity-reactive astrocyte phenotype,increase the neurotoxicity,affect the astrocyte apoptosis,and aggravate the neuron damage.

Study on intercellular communication and key genes of smooth muscle cells in human coronary atherosclerosis based on single cell sequencing technology / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To use single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-Seq)technology to interpret the cellular communication landscape of coronary atherosclerosis(CA),and to explore the dominant cell subsets and their key genes.Methods·The GSE131778 data set was downloaded and preprocessed,and quality controlling,dimension reduction clustering and annotation were carried out.Then cell communication analysis was conducted by using CellChat package to identify dominant cell subsets.The FindAllMarker function was used to screen differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the dominant cell subpopulation and other cell subpopulations,and its protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed.The DEGs ranked in the top five of the Degree algorithm were taken as key genes.Then,the key genes were matched and mined with the cell communication network analyzed by CellChat to obtain the ligand-receptor pairs(L-R)and the signal pathways mediated by the key genes,and the results were visualized.At the same time,the atherosclerosis mouse model was constructed and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of key genes in carotid atherosclerosis lesions.Results·A total of 11 cell subsets were identified in CA lesions,including smooth muscle cells,endothelial cells,macrophages,monocytes,etc.Cell communication results showed that CellChat detected 70 significant L-R and 26 related signal pathways in 11 cell subsets.Smooth muscle cell was the dominant cell subgroup with the most significant interaction frequency and intensity with other cell subgroups in the active state of communication.The results of DEGs screening showed that there were 206 DEGs between smooth muscle cell subsets and other cell subsets,among which ITGB2,PTPRC,CCL2,DCN and IGF1 were identified as key genes.The results of cell communication mediated by key genes showed that CCL2 and ACKR1 formed L-R and participated in the communication network between smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells through mediating CCL signaling pathway.ITGB2 formed receptor complexes with ITGAM and ITGAX respectively,and then formed L-R with C3 to mediate the complement signal pathway,participating in the communication network among smooth muscle cells,macrophages and monocytes.The validation results of hub genes in animal experiments were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis.Conclusion·Smooth muscle cells are the dominant cells in the pathological process of CA,and have extensive communication networks with other cells.They can construct cellular communication networks with endothelial cells,macrophages and monocytes through CCL and complement signaling pathways mediated by CCL2-ACKR1,C3-(ITGAM+ITGB2)and C3-(ITGAX+ITGB2).

Distribution and comparison of warfarin drug-gene polymorphism in Han children from Beijing area / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution characteristics of warfarin drug-gene polymorphism in Han children from Beijing area. METHODS Data of nine warfarin drug-gene loci about VKORC1 rs9923231， CYP2C9 rs1799853*2 and rs1057910*3， CYP4F2 rs2108622， APOE rs429358 and rs7412， ABCB1 rs1045642， EPHX1 rs1051740 and rs2234922 were collected from dept. of cardiovascular medicine， Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from March 2019 to March 2023， and the population data reported in domestic and foreign literature were compared. RESULTS In Beijing area， the frequency of APOE rs429358 mutant genotype was higher in males （19.8%） than in females （13.5%）（P＜0.05）. VKORC1 rs9923231 was dominated by homozygous mutant genotype （83.3%）， which was consistent with children in Japan （82.2%）， and higher than that of predominantly Caucasian children in the UK， Sweden， the United States， and Germany （10.4%-18.3%）（P＜ 0.05）； CYP2C9 was dominated by *1/*1 type （91.9%）， which was consistent with children in Japan （94.6%）， and higher than that of predominantly Caucasian children in the UK， Sweden， the United States， and Germany （66.1%-73.4%）（P＜0.05）. The frequency of EPHX1 rs1051740 mutant genotype was higher in adults （78.5%） than in children （63.5%）（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS More mutations of VKORC1 rs9923231 and ABCB1 rs1045642 are found in Han children from Beijing area. The distribution of warfarin drug-gene polymorphisms in Han children from Beijing area is different among different genders， as well as compared with other countries， and Chinese Han adults. Therefore， caution should be exercised when using the reported data.

Research progress on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of retinal diseases / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is an inflammatory protein complex, and can participate into the inflammatory response. Upon activation, these inflammasomes can lead to Caspase-1 activation, thereby inducing a cascade of inflammatory factor activation and further cell pyroptosis. Excessive activation of inflammasomes will induce the overexpression of inflammatory factors, persistently triggering immune dysregulation and inflammatory chain reactions, even causing severe damage. The recent studies have confirmed a close association between retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy(DR), retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI), and proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)with immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses, which is serving as crucial factors in the progression of retinal diseases. This article reviews the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and its role in the occurrence and development of retinal diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and prevention of retinal diseases.

Short term clinical efficacy and influencing factors of ustekinumab monoclonal antibody in the treatment of Crohn's disease / 实用医学杂志

Objective To analyze the short-term clinical efficacy and influencing factors of ustekinumab monoclonal antibody(UST)in the treatment of Crohn′s disease(CD).Methods Retrospective cohort study was used to collect the clinical data of CD patients treated with UST in the 10th People′s Hospital affiliated to Tongji University from December 2020 to October 2022.The main analysis is the short-term clinical efficacy and influencing factors of UST treatment for CD at weeks 8 and 16,And analyze the endoscopic response rate of some patients.Results A total of 91 CD patients who first used UST were included.The 8-week clinical response rate of UST treat-ment for CD was 61.5%,and the clinical response rate was 45%;The clinical response rate at 16 weeks was 71.4%,and the clinical response rate was 54.9%.56 cases underwent endoscopic re-examination in our hospital,and the endoscopic response rate at 16 weeks was 41.1%.Univariate analysis showed that fistula(including anal fistula,personal history of anal fistula,and intestinal skin fistula)is associated with clinical remission in Crohn′s disease patients at 8/16 weeks.Further multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the presence of a history of anal fistula surgery was an independent protective factor affecting clinical remission in CD patients treated with UST at 8 weeks(HR = 0.04,95%CI:0.00～0.38;P = 0.005)and 16 weeks(HR = 0.04,95%CI:0.01～0.34;P = 0.003)compared to those without fistula;Narrow lesions are an independent risk factor for 16 week clinical remission in CD patients compared to non-narrow and non-penetrating lesions(HR = 1.75,95%CI:1.08～2.84;P = 0.023).No patients were found to have stopped medication due to serious adverse reactions.Conclusions UST can improve the clinical remission and response of CD patients at 8/16 weeks,and has good short-term clinical efficacy.CD patients with a personal history of anal fistula are recommended to use UST monoclonal antibodies,while patients with stenotic lesions should be cautious in using UST monoclonal antibodies.Whether the patient has undergone surgical treatment in the past,as well as whether UST has been used on the first or non-first line,has no significant impact on clinical remission.

Analysis on the causes of death and years of life lost among patients with severe mental disorders in Jining city from 2014 to 2020 / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo analyze the causes of death and years of life lost among patients with severe mental disorders in Jining city， in order to provide references for improving the management level of the patients. MethodsA total of 3 638 patients with severe mental disorders who were recorded in the National Information System for Severe Mental Disorders in Jining and died between January 1， 2014 and December 31， 2020 were included in the study. The general information and the status of mortality were extracted via checking management files. Thereafter， the causes of death of patients with different characteristics were discussed， and the years of life lost due to severe mental disorders was analyzed through calculating potential years of life lost （PYLL）， average years of life lost （AYLL） and potential years of life lost rate （PYLLR）. ResultsThe majority of patients who died from severe mental disorders were those with schizophrenia， accounting for 77.68% （2 826/3 638）. The most common cause of death among patients with severe mental disorders was physical illness with 1 869 cases （51.37%）. Among the selected subjects， patients with mental retardation and comorbid mental disorders had the youngest age of disease onset ［（22.49±20.14） years］， the youngest age at death ［（51.72±18.32） years］ and the longest duration of disease ［（29.26±19.35） years］. The PYLL， AYLL and PYLLR of patients with severe mental disorders in Jining were 68 941.06 person-years， 18.95 years and 382.36‰， respectively. The mental retardation and comorbid mental disorders had the highest AYLL at 27.21 years， and epilepsy-induced mental disorder had the highest PYLLR at 892.73‰. ConclusionComorbid physical illness is the main causes of death in patients with severe mental disorders in Jining city， and epilepsy-induced mental disorder have occupied the first place in terms of the years of life lost.

A method of automatic determination of salt iodine by iodine element detector / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To establish a method for automatic determination of iodine level in salt by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry using an iodine element detector (hereinafter referred to as this method), and to provide reference for in-depth study of salt iodine detection technology.Methods:This method was used to determine the iodine level in salt, and the linear range, detection limit, precision, and accuracy (determination of salt iodine standard substance GBW10006y and GBW10007y, and addition recovery experiment) of this method were determined. The iodine level of 35 salt samples was determined by this method and redox titration method recommended by the national standard, and the results were compared.Results:This method had a good linear relationship within the range of 50 - 600 μg/L standard curve, the absolute value of the correlation coefficients was > 0.999 0, and the detection limit was 5.0 mg/kg. The relative standard deviation of iodine concentration in salt samples with low, medium and high iodine concentrations were all < 6.0%. The determination results of salt iodine standard substance GBW10006y and GBW10007y were within the given value ranges; three iodine concentrations (6.0, 10.0 and 30.0 mg/kg) were added to the salt samples, with an average recovery rate of 96.7% to 105.0%, and a total average recovery rate of 100.9%. The method comparison experiment showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the salt iodine determination results of this method and the redox titration method ( t = - 1.54, P = 0.132). Conclusion:This method has the advantages of high accuracy, good precision and wide linear range in determining salt iodine, and is suitable for the detection of large quantities of samples in salt iodine monitoring.

Molecular Mechanism of AP000892.6 Affecting Bladder Cancer Cells Migration,Invasion and Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition by Targe-ting MiR-616-5p / 医学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of long-chain non-coding RNA(lncRNA)AP000892.6 on the migration,inva-sion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells and the related molecular mechanism.Methods The expression of AP000892.6 in bladder cancer and adjacent tissues was analyzed using GEPIA dataset.The expression levels of AP000892.6 in bladder cancer cell lines 647V,T24,UMUC3,5637,RT4 and normal bladder epithelial cells SV-HUC-1 were detected by real-time quanti-tative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).The AP000892.6 overexpression plasmid or negative control plasmid was transfected into T24 cells,and the experiment was divided into AP000892.6 group and NC group.The plasmid transfection efficiency was verified by RT-qPCR.The migration and invasion abilities of transfected T24 cells were detected by cell scratch method and Transwell assay,re-spectively.The downstream target gene of AP000892.6 was predicted and validated using bioinformatics method and dual-luciferase re-porter gene experiment.The expression of AP000892.6downstream target gene was detected by RT-qPCR.Western blot was used to de-tect the expression of epithelial phenotype proteins E-cadherin,ZO-1 and mesenchymal phenotype proteins Vimentin,N-cadherin and Twist.Results Compared with adjacent tissues,the expression of AP000892.6 was decreased in bladder cancer tissues(P＜0.01).Compared with SV-HUC-1 cells,the expression of AP000892.6 was decreased in bladder cancer cell lines(P＜0.05),and the rela-tive expression level of AP000892.6 in T24 cells was the lowest(P＜0.01).Compared with the NC group,overexpression of AP000892.6 inhibited the migration(P＜0.01)and invasive ability(P＜0.01)of bladder cancer T24 cells.Dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis proved that miR-616-5p was the target gene of AP000892.6(P＜0.01).Compared with the NC group,AP000892.6 negatively regu-lated the expression of miR-616-5p(P＜0.01).Compared with the NC group,the expression of epithelial phenotype proteins E-cad-herin and ZO-1 were up-regulated in T24 cells of AP000892.6group,and the expression of mesenchymal phenotype proteins Vimentin,N-cadherin and Twist were down-regulated.Conclusion AP000892.6 inhibits the migration,invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of bladder cancer T24 cells by targeting miR-616-5p.

Correlation between differentially immune-related genes and immune cells in progression of atherosclerosis and exploration of potential intervention of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between differential immune-related genes(DIRGs)and immune cells in the progression of atherosclerosis(AS)and general rule of Chinese medicine for intervening DIRGs.Methods:Firstly,GSE28829 data set was obtained from GEO database,and immune-related genes were downloaded from ImmPort database and MSigDB database.Secondly,differentially expressed genes between early AS plaques(EAP)and advanced AS plaques(AAP)of GSE28829 were screened by limma package,and their intersections with immune-related genes were known as DIRGs.clusterProfiler package was used to enrich the DIRGs.Protein interaction network of DIRGs was constructed and Hub genes were screened.Then,the infiltration patterns of 22 kinds of immune cells were analyzed by CIBERSORT to screen differential immune cells,and the correlation between them and Hub genes were analyzed by Pearson method.Finally,Coremine Medical database was used to predict Chinese herbs for in-tervening DIRGs,the property and flavor of Chinese herbs were collected.Results:Total 63 DIRGs were obtained,and 10 Hub genes(CD86,TLR2,TYROBP,CCR1,ITGB2,CCL2,CCL4,CSF1R,CXCR4,CTSS)were screened out.Enrichment analysis results showed that the molecular functions,biological processes and signaling pathways of DIRGs were closely related to immune regulation.Analysis of immune cell infiltration showed that proportions of regulatory T cells,activated dendritic cells and resting mast cells in EAP were increased.Proportions of memory B cells,γδ T cells,M0 macrophages and M2 macrophages were increased in AAP.Correla-tion analysis showed that CD86 was positively correlated with M2 macrophages in EAP.In AAP,CD86,CTSS,CXCR4,CSF1R,ITGB2 and TYROBP were positively correlated with M0 macrophages,while CCL4 and CCL2 were negatively correlated with resting mast cells.Results of frequency showed that Chinese herbs for intervening DIRGs mainly distributed to liver and lung meridians,and their property and taste were cold and bitter.Conclusion:This study found that in the progression of AS,10 DIRGs were the most important,and 7 kinds of immune cells were dysregulated,among which CD86,CTSS,CXCR4,CSF1R,ITGB2,TYROBP,CCL4 and CCL2 were correlated with resting mast cells,M0 and M1 macrophages.At the same time,immune mechanism of AS progression was closely related to liver meridian,lung meridian,bitter,sweet,cold and warm.The results can provide reference and ideas for Chinese herbs clinical prescription to treat AS and further exploratory the immunological mechanism of AS progression.

The application of updated size-specific dose estimation method in children's head CT scans / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the value of the size-specific dose estimation(SSDE)and volume CT dose index(CTDIvol)on dose estimations of children's head CT scans and the correlations with the body size.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on plain children's head CT scans of 1 409 patients,they were divided into six groups according to age.The age,CTDI,the head perimeter(HP)of the initial plane of the images,the anterior-posterior length(AP),lateral length(LAT),region of interest area(ARoI)and CT value(CTROI)of the intermediate plane of the images were measured retrospectively.Effect diameter(De),water equivalent diameter(Dw)and SSDE based on Dw were calculated respectively.The differences between CTDI and SSDE in measuring radiation dose and the correlations between CTDIvol,SSDE and age,HP and De were analyzed.Results There were significant differences between CTDIvol and SSDE in all groups(P＜0.001).Compared with SSDE,CTDIvol overestimated the radiation dose by-10.17％,0.69％,7.96％,12.84％,17.99％,22.36％respectively.The bigger the age,the higher CTDIvol overestimated its radiation.CTDIvol and SSDE had strong correlations with age,HP and De,the correlation coefficients CTDIvol were stronger than SSDE.Conclusion SSDE takes body size into account in the calculation,so it can reflect the radiation dose of children's head CT more accurately,CTDIvol overestimates the radiation doses except in children younger than 6 months.CTDIvol is closely collected with age,HP and De and underestimated the radiation dose,so it is more beneficial to reduce the radiation.

Effect of Compound Phyllanthus urinaria Ⅱ on Growth and Expression of miR-122 and IGF-1R of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells in Nude Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of the compound Phyllanthus urinaria Ⅱ （CPU Ⅱ）on the growth of transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B2.1-7 （Short for Hep3R） cells in nude mice. MethodAfter the establishment of a xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells in mice， the model mice were randomly divided into a model group， a high-dose CPU Ⅱ group （57.5 g·kg-1）， a low-dose CPU Ⅱ group （28.75 g·kg-1）， and a 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） group （0.025 g·kg-1）， with eight mice in each group. The mice in the high- and low-dose CPU Ⅱ groups were treated with drugs by gavage， once per day， and those in the model group were treated with the same volume of normal saline. The mice in the 5-FU group were treated by 5-FU by intraperitoneal injection， once every other day. After 28 days of administration， mice were sacrificed， and transplanted tumors were collected. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） of tumor tissues. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） was used to detect cell apoptosis of tumor tissues. The mRNA expression of miR-122 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF-1R） in tumor tissues was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR）. The protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α （C/EBPα）， hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α （HNF-4α）， and IGF-1R in tumor tissues was detected by Western blot. ResultThe tumor suppression rates of the high- and low-dose CPU Ⅱ groups and the 5-FU group were 74.90%， 63.62%， and 64.15%， respectively. Compared with the model group， the CPU Ⅱ groups and the 5-FU group showed reduced weight （P<0.01） and volume of tumors （P<0.01）， decreased PCNA positive cells， shallow staining， increased apoptosis cells of transplanted tumor tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased expression of mRNA expression of miR-122 （P<0.01）， down-regulated mRNA expression of IGF-1R （P<0.01）， and up-regulated protein expression of C/EBPα and HNF-4α in nude mouse transplanted tumor tissues （P<0.01）. The expression of IGF-1R protein in the high-dose CPU Ⅱ group was down-regulated （P<0.05）. Compared with the low-dose CPU Ⅱ group， the high-dose CPU Ⅱ group showed increased apoptotic cells （P<0.01）， up-regulated mRNA expression of miR-122 （P<0.01）， and increased expression of C/EBPα and HNF-4α proteins （P<0.01）. ConclusionCPU Ⅱ has an obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells in nude mice. The mechanism of action is related to enhancing the expression of transcription factors HNF-4α and C/EBPα， thereby promoting the expression of miR-122 and inhibiting the expression of its target gene IGF-1R.

A case of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis with an early manifestation of pulmonary ground-glass opacities combined with macrophage activation syndrome / 中国综合临床

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is one of the common rheumatic and immune diseases in children. It has a sudden onset, obvious systemic symptoms, and lung involvement. However, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis with an early manifestation of pulmonary ground-glass opacities combined with macrophage activation syndrome is rare. The clinical data of a child with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis with pulmonary ground-glass shadow and macrophage activation syndrome who was admitted to Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively in order to improve the understanding of rheumatic diseases and pulmonary lesions. The child was admitted to the hospital for 10 days due to rash and fever. Thoracic CT showed scattered ground glass like shadows in both lungs due to the prevention and control screening of COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic situation. After admission, the child was still repeatedly flaccid with high fever, accompanied by dysfunction of both lower limbs. The knee joint MRI found that there was synovitis in the knee joint, and various laboratory indicators suggested macrophage activation syndrome. After that, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis was diagnosed. After being treated with methylprednisolone, cyclosporine and topzumab, the clinical remission and the ground-glass shadow of the lung basically disappeared. Through the analysis of this case, it is suggested that clinicians should not ignore other diseases that cause ground glass shadow in the lung during the current epidemic of COVID-19.

7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxybenzoapyrene induced ferroptosis in mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cells and its mechanism / 环境与职业医学

Background Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) has neurotoxicity, which can induce the loss of hippocampal neurons in humans and animals and lead to spatial learning and memory dysfunction, but its mechanism is still unclear. Objective To observe the ferroptosis of mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cells induced by 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxybenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), an active metabolite of BaP, and to explore its potential mechanism, so as to provide a basis for the study of BaP neurotoxicity mechanism. Method Mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cells were selected and divided into four groups: solvent control group and low, medium, and high concentration BPDE exposure groups (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 μmol·L−1). Cell survival was detected by CCK8 method. Cell morphology and ultrastructure were observed under light and electron microscopes. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe2+ were detected by fluorescence probe method. Iron, 4-hydroxynonenoic acid (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels were detected with commercial kits. The expression levels of acyl-CoA synthase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were detected by Western blotting. After interventions with ferroptosis inhibitors 20 μmol·L−1 deferoxamine (DFO) and 10 μmol·L−1 ethyl 3-amino-4-cyclohexylaminobenzoate (Fer-1), the cell survival rate of each BPDE exposure group and the changes of the ferroptosis characteristic indicators and protein expression levels were observed. Results With the increase of BPDE concentration, the survival rate of HT22 cells decreased gradually, and the survival rate of each BPDE group was significantly lower than that of the solvent control group (P<0.01). Under light microscope, the number of cells in the high concentration BPDE group was significantly reduced, and atrophic cells and reduced synapses were recorded. Under electron microscope, the HT22 cells in the high concentration BPDE group showed mitochondrial shrinkage, decreased crista, and increased mitochondrial membrane density. Compared with the solvent control group, the levels of intracellular lipid ROS, Fe2+, 4-HNE, and MDA significantly increased in the high concentration group (P<0.01), the GSH and GSH-PX levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01), the protein expression levels of ASCL4 and COX2 were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the protein expression levels of SCL7A11 and GPX4 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The ferroptosis inhibitors DFO and Fer-1 significantly reversed the cell survival rate (P<0.01), the ferroptosis characteristic indicators (ROS, Fe2+, 4-HNE, MDA, GSH, and GSH-PX levels) (P<0.01), and the expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins (ACSL4, COX2, SLC7A11, and GPX4) (P<0.01) in the high concentration BPDE group. Conclusion BPDE can induce ferroptosis in mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 axis and the induction of iron metabolism disorder.

Analysis on the current situation of clinical blood fees exemption for blood donors and their family members in Henan / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the current situation of direct exemption of clinical blood fess for voluntary blood donors and their family members in Henan Province, in order to improve and fully implement the policy. 【Methods】 According to the policy on blood fees exemption issued by China and Henan Province in 2019,the data of hospitals in 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan from 2020 to 2021 were continuously collected from the system of clinical blood fees exemption,including the way of exemption,the number of people (times) of exemption,exemption amount, the proportion of blood fees exemption and the total exemption rate. The experience gained in the past two years after the implementation of the policy was summarized,and the existing problems and causes were analyzed. 【Results】 The rates of direct exemption of blood fees in Henan Province in 2020 and 2021 were 34.53% (8 709/25 221) and 71.68%(23 587/32 906) (P<0.05) ,respectively. In 2021, the direct exemption rate of blood fees in 18 cities was 6.20% (83/1 370) to 88.50% (1 332/1 505) [ (47.35±41.15)%],and increased month by month from 43.19% (1 183/2 507) in January to 83.15% (2 097/2 522) in August, then remained stable at a similar level to August from September to December, with 83.43% (2 744/3 289) in December as the highest for the year. 【Conclusion】 The implementation of the policy of blood fees exemption showed significant effectiveness, which has effectively promoted the development of voluntary blood donation in Henan. However, there is still room for improving the policy in some cities, which is expected to further increase the direct exemption rate of the city and the whole province.

The mediation effect of emotional intelligence between social support and subjective well-being in hemodialysis nurses in Guangzhou / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the mediation effect of emotional intelligence in social support and subjective happiness,and to provide practical guidance for scientific management of nursing talents in hemodialysis center.Methods Using a cross-sectional study,by a proportional stratified sampling method,from October 2022 to January 2023,800 hemodialysis nurses in Guangzhou area were selected as the respondents,using the general data adjustment table,general well-being schedule(GWB),social support rating scale(SSRS),and wong law emotional intelligence scale(WLEIS-C).The pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between emotional intelligence,social support and subjective happiness of hemodialysis nurses in Guangzhou;the process macro program was used to explore the mediation effect of emotional intelligence in social support and subjective happiness in Guangzhou.Results 707 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective recovery rate was 88.38%.The total score of subjective well-being of hemodialysis nurses in Guangzhou was(75.67±8.17),the total score of emotional intelligence(82.29±16.20),and the total score of social support(38.76±8.40).The total score of social support was positively associated with the total score of subjective well-being(r=0.517,P<0.01)and the total score of emotional intelligence(r=0.633,P<0.01),the total score of emotional intelligence was positively related to the total score of subjective well-being(r=0.634,P<0.01).Social support had a direct effect on subjective well-being(β=0.165,95%CI:0.103-0.261),and indirectly affected it through the partial mediation effect of emotional intelligence(β=0.095,95%CI:0.069-0.142),and the indirect mediation effect accounted for 36.54%of the total effect.Conclusion Guangzhou area hemodialysis nurses subjective well-being is in upper level,and emotional intelligence in hemodialysis nurses social support and subjective happiness plays intermediary effect,managers should focus on hemodialysis nurses emotional intelligence,take various measures to improve their emotional intelligence level,enhance social support,so as to improve hemodialysis nurses subjective well-being.

lncRNA CALCOCO1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells by regulating miR-200a-3p / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CALCOCO1 in bladder cancer tissue and its effect on the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells by regulating miR-200a-3p.Methods:The relative expression levels of CALCOCO1 in bladder cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were analyzed by TCGA database. Human bladder cancer cells UM-UC-3 were selected, and the cells were divided into negative control group and CALCOCO1 group, and NC plasmid and CALCOCO1 plasmid were transfected into UM-UC-3 cells respectively. The expression level of CALCOCO1 in each group was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proliferation and migration ability of UM-UC-3 cells were detected by MTT assay and Transwell migration assay. Bioinformatics technology was used to predict and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments to verify the targeting relationship between CALCOCO1 and miR-200a-3p. The expression levels of miR-200a-3p in UM-UC-3 cells in each group were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of UM-UC-3 cells proliferation and migration phenotype in each group. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), t-test was used for comparison between two groups, and repeated measurement analysis of variance was used for comparison at different time. Results:Compared with adjacent tissues, the relative expression level of CALCOCO1 in bladder cancer tissues was significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant( P<0.01). The relative expression of CALCOCO1 in UM-UC-3 cells in CALCOCO1 group and negative control group was 9.66±2.51 and 1.07±0.59, respectively. The relative expression level of CALCOCO1 in CALCOCO1 group was significantly higher than that in negative control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Compared with the negative control group, the proliferation activity of UM-UC-3 cells in the CALCOCO1 group was decreased ( P<0.05), and the migration number of UM-UC-3 cells was significantly decreased ( P<0.01). CALCOCO1 had a binding site with miR-200a-3p ( P<0.01). The relative expression of miR-200a-3p in UM-UC-3 cells in CALCOCO1 group and negative control group was 1.02 ± 0.31 and 5.79 ± 1.68, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Compared with the negative control group, the expression levels of proliferation phenotype proteins CCNB1, CCNE1 and CCND2 in UM-UC-3 cells in CALCOCO1 group decreased, and the expression levels of migration phenotype proteins FOXC2 and Fibronectin decreased. Conclusion:The expression of CALCOCO1 is down-regulated in bladder cancer tissue, promoting the expression of CALCOCO1 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer UM-UC-3 cells through targeted down-regulation of miR-200a-3p expression.