Progress on the mechanism of alveolar macrophages in children with respiratory tract virus infection / 国际儿科学杂志

Virus is one of the common causes of respiratory tract infection in children.Viral infection involves the action of multiple immune cells and inflammatory mediators，understanding the immune mechanism of virus-host interaction during respiratory infection may be helpful for etiological diagnosis of viral infections.As the main immune cells of the lungs，alveolar macrophages on the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract play an important role in maintaining pulmonary immune homeostasis（immune monitoring，initiation and regulation of inflammatory response，killing pathogens）due to their unique position.This article will briefly review the immune regulation mechanism of alveolar macrophages in the occurrence and development of respiratory tract viral infection in children，in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of viral infection.

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Insomnia Symptoms in Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder: Prevalence, Clinical Correlates, and the Relationship With Psychiatric Medications Use

Objective@#Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and insomnia symptoms are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which might lead to a poor prognosis and an increased risk of depression relapse. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and sociodemographic and clinical correlates of EDS and insomnia symptoms among adolescents with MDD. @*Methods@#The sample of this cross-sectional study included 297 adolescents (mean age=15.26 years; range=12–18 years; 218 females) with MDD recruited from three general and four psychiatric hospitals in five cities (Hefei, Bengbu, Fuyang, Suzhou, and Ma’anshan) in Anhui Province, China between January and August, 2021. EDS and insomnia symptoms, and clinical severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using Epworth sleepiness scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity. @*Results@#The prevalence of EDS and insomnia symptoms in adolescents with MDD was 39.7% and 38.0%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that EDS symptoms were significantly associated with higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR]=1.097, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.027–1.172), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.313, 95% CI=1.028–1.679), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors use (OR=2.078, 95% CI=1.199–3.601). And insomnia symptoms were positively associated with female sex (OR=1.955, 95% CI=1.052–3.633), suicide attempts (OR=1.765, 95% CI=1.037–3.005), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=2.031, 95% CI=1.523–2.709), and negatively associated with antipsychotics use (OR=0.433, 95% CI=0.196–0.952). @*Conclusion@#EDS and insomnia symptoms are common among adolescents with MDD. Considering their negative effects on the clinical prognosis, regular screening and clinical managements should be developed for this patient population.

Study on cone beam computed tomography for detecting bone thickness of skeletal class Ⅱ infrazygomatic crest in teenagers / 重庆医学

Objective To adopt the cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) to analyze the bone thickness of infrazygomatic crest with different vertical skeletal facial types in teenagers.Methods Sixty teenagers of skeletal class were collected,including each 20 cases of high angle,average angle and low angle.The CBCT scanning data of oral maxillofacial region were collected.The bone thickness at different coronary slices in buccal side of infrazygomatic crest region at 13,15,17 mm above the maxillary occlusal plane was measured.The measured data were analyzed statistically.Results The bone thickness of infrazygomatic crest was gradually thinned from down to up,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);the bone thickness(except 3 points at 13 mm from maxillary plane) at each measured point in the high,average and low angle groups showed the change trend of low angle ＞average angle＞high angle,the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion In teenagers,the bone thickness of infrazygomatic crest in skeletal class Ⅱ is gradually thinned from cranial direction and rearward,the high angle is thinnest and the low angle is thickest.

Crown-root morphology of adjacent lateral incisors in patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines:A cone-beam CT study / 医学研究生学报

Objective Maxillary canine palatal impaction is a common deformity in stomatology and its etiology remains dis-putable.The aim of this study is to investigate the crown-root morphology of the adjacent lateral incisors in patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines using cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT) in order to explore its etiology. Methods Using CBCT scanning, we examined 94 maxillary canines in 84 patients, including 27 palatally impacted maxillary canines in 24 patients ( the experi- mental group) , 37 buccally impacted maxillary canines in 30 age-and sex-matched subjects ( control group A) , and 30 normal maxil-lary canines in 30 age-and sex-matched subjects ( control group B) .We selected some necessary reference planes, measured the ori-entation and position of the chosen canines, and studied the morphology of the adjacent lateral incisors by CS 3D imaging, followed by statistical analysis of 17 of the linear variables obtained. Results Compared with control group A, the experimental group showed significantly shorter tooth length ([22.930 ±1.849]mm vs [21.240 ±1.651]mm, P<0.05), crown length ([9.270 ±0.559]mm vs [8.150 ±0.889] mm, P<0.05), and mesiodistal width at 4 mm to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) ([7.260 ±0.579]mm vs [5.900 ±0.581] mm, P<0.05) as well as shorter buccolingual width at the CEJ level, mesiodistal width at 4 mm to the CEJ, buc-colingual width at 4 mm apical to the CEJ, distance from the canine cusp to the coronal and occlusal planes, and coronal angulation of the canine (all P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between maxillary canine palatal impaction and age (P<0.05). Conclusion One of the main causes of maxillary canine palatal impaction is that the adjacent lateral incisor is too small to provide suf-ficient guidance to the canine.The severity of maxillary canine palatal impaction increases with the age of the patient.

Stability of the anterior teeth and hard tissue of skeletal class III malocclusion after orthodontic surgery: systematic review / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aims to analyze the long-term stability of the anterior teeth and hard tissue of skeletal class III malocclusion after a three-year orthodontic surgery by systematic review.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All studies about skeletal class III malocclusion with orthodontic-surgery were searched by computer-based retrieval and manual retrieval; the deadline is December 2013. The literature, filtered according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, was performed with quality. assessment. The same indicators of the anterior location and hard tissue stability were combined and evaluated with metaanalysis and descriptive analysis by Rev Man5.2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four before-and-after comparison study articles with 180 cases were included. The grades of the four literature evaluation were A. The meta-analysis results showed that comparing the three-year post-orthodontic-surgery and post-orthodontic-surgery, the total weighted mean difference (WMD) of Ul-SN was 4.29 (P<0.05); the WMD of Ll-MP, OB, OJ, SNA, SNB, ANB, and MP-SN were -1.58, 0, -0.41, -0.58, 0.25, -0.70, and 0.39, respectively (P>0.05). The measurement methods of A and B point position were different, hence the qualitative description were as follows: point A remained at a relatively stable position, and point B had some replacement compared with post-operative (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To the skeletal class III malocclusion after three-year orthodontic-surgery, the position of the lower anterior teeth could be kept stable, as well as the overbite and the overjet of the anterior teeth; only the upper inci- sor has a lip-inclined relapse. The maxillary could also be kept stable, and the mandibular had a little relapse.</p>

The long term stability of skeletal class III malocclusion after orthodontic-surgery:A meta-analysis / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the long term stability of the hard and soft tissues of the skeletal class III malocclusion after ortho-dontic-surgery by Meta-analysis.Methods:The randomized controlled trials(RCT),quasi-randomized controlled trials and clinical case-control trials(CCT)about the long-term stability of skeletal class III malocclusion after orthodontic-surgery was collected from Co-chrane Library,PubMed,Medline,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang databases from inception to December 31,2013 by literature search.Two professionally trained reviewers evaluated the quality of the screened literatures,scored literatures with the NOS evaluation tool,and collectd data and information of the literatures with medium and higher quality.Revman5.2 was used for the Meta-analysis.Results:4 CCTs articles and 178 cases were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that:1.The stability of the hard tissue:the differ-ence of SNA(WMD =-0.58,95%CI[-1.18,0.02]),SNB (WMD =0.25,95%CI[-0.42,0.91]),ANB(WMD =-0.70, 95%CI[-1.44,0.04])and MP-SN(WMD =0.39,95%CI[-0.25,1.04])at post-operation and 3 years after operation had no statistical significance.Point A remained relatively stable position and point B had some replace 3 years after surgery compared with that at post-operative.2.The stability analysis of soft tissue:the healing effect of the soft tissue was stable,except the LowerlipeNperp had some recurrence 3 years after surgery.Conclusion:In the long term,after orthodontic and surgical treatment for skeletal class III malocclusion the hard and soft tissues kept stabile except a little replapse of the mandibular and the LowerlipeNperp.

A systematic review of the long-term stability of the hard tissue of skeletal classⅢmalocclusion after ortho-dontic combined surgical treatment / 医学研究生学报

[Abstract ] Objective The orthodontic-surgery is the most effective way to treat the severe skeletal class Ⅲmalocclusion,but the long-term stability is still disputed .The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the long-term stability of hard tissue of seriously skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion patients treated with orthodontic combined surgical treatment . Methods Literature were searched through the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials , Cochrane Library, Medline via pubmed (1950-2014), EMBASE (1980-2014) and other foreign databases , and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database , China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database , VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals , digital journal of Wan fang Data and so on .Unpublished conference papers and gray litera-tures were collected manually .The literatures consist of randomized controlled trials ( RCT) , quasi-randomized controlled trials and clini-cal case-control trial (CCT) were selected.Then meta analysis was performed for annexable literatures and qualitative description was performed for diverged documents . Results Five foreign articles and 1 Chinese article suitable for analysis were ultimately studied . All the studies were CCT and a total of 260 patients were involved in the present systematic review .Meta analysis showed that the SNA , SNB, ANB, MP SN and Y-axis did not change significantly during 3 years after operation (P>0.05) and a good skeletal class I facial types were maintained .The comparison results of MP-SN and Y-axis showed that there was no significant statistical difference and the mandibular plane angle maintained the relative stability .Meta analysis was not performed because of the different measurement methods of A, B, Pg and Ramus inclination , so the qualitative description was used .Point A and Ramus inclination remained relatively stable posi-tion, but point B and Pg had some replace compared with post-operative. Conclusion The orthodontic and surgical treatment for skeletal classⅢmalocclusion could keep the hard tissue relative stabil-ity except a little replace of the mandibular .

Recent clinical efifcacy and safety analysis of Tinidazole and metronidazole in treatment of severe oral infection’s / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study recent clinical efifcacy and safety analysis of tinidazole and metronidazole in treatment of severe oral infection. Methods, 88 cases with severe oral infection(SOI) collected in the third people's hospital of Wenling from April 2012 to April 2013 were divided into observation group (n=45) and control group (n=43) by random number table. Control group were received metronidazole drug treatment, while observation group were treated with tinidazole medication, The efifcacy, recovery duration and adverse reactions were compared between two groups. Results The efficacy of observation group was significantly better than control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The average duration of symptoms and wound healing in observation group were (4.8±0.4)hs and (4.3 ± 0.2)hs, which were signiifcantly less than (5.5 ± 0.2)sh and (5.6 ± 0.1)sh in control group(P<0.05).Adverse reactions in observation group were signiifcantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Tinidazole has a signiifcant effect and less adverse reactions in treatment of SOI.

Diagnosis of children with occult bronchial foreign body / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical manifestation of children with occult bronchial foreign body, to analyze the reasons of misdiagnosis, to summarize the way of diagnosis and to emphasize the value of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of children with such disease.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A retrospective analysis of 22 cases of occult bronchial foreign body diagnosed and treated with bronchoscopy in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during the period from March 1, 2009 to February 28, 2014.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Of the 22 cases, 15 were male and 7 female. Their age ranged from nine months and eight days to fourteen years and six months. The course of disease ranged in length from six days to one year. It took us one to thirty-three days in diagnosing the problem. They or their parents all denied aspirating foreign body and the patients did not have irritating chokes. They did not have tracheal displacement or flapping sound. There were no direct signs of bronchial foreign body in their imaging examination. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed as pneumonia before bronchoscopy, and the remaining one was diagnosed as tuberculosis. All of the patients were complicated with infection; atelectasis was found in 15 cases/times, lung consolidation in 10 cases/times, emphysema in 4, pleural effusion in 5, bronchiectasis in 4, one case had respiratory failure, one case had septicemia. The clinical symptoms were relieved in the patients after bronchoscopy, 3 cases were cured, 19 cases were improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Occult bronchial foreign body with certain complications and great harm is hard to diagnose. We should pay more attention to the important clues, such as a child with repeated pulmonary infection, indirect signs of airway obstruction and difficult to treat. Early bronchoscopy will be useful to improve diagnostics once the vital clue is found.</p>

Cognition and requirement of information nursing health education model of inpatients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand patients' needs of health education and explore the information nursing health education model through investigation of the inpatients' health education need.Methods Inpatients in department of neurology were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire that involved 21 items.171 copies of effective questionnaires were collected and went through analysis.Results 61.99 percent of patients pointed out that nurses didn't understand their need for health knowledge.47.95 percent of nurses had never asked patients how they felt about hospitalization before health education.Television was the main channel to get knowledge about health for patients,but the patients believed that the health knowledge from healthcare workers was the most reliable way.Conclusions To carry out targeted and information nursing health education integrated with psychological nursing can promote health education work.

The influence of osteoclasts during the repairs of tooth root in rats model of tooth resorption by intermittent injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH) / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the role of PT H (1-34 ) on the expression of receptor activator factor of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in the induction of osteoclasts and its effect to osteoclasts on compression side during the repairs of tooth root in rats model of tooth resorption by intermittent injection of small dose of PTH (1-34) .Methods After the model of tooth resorption was established in rats 6-8 weeks in age ,63 male SD rats were divided in three groups .Rats in the control group were not given injec-tions for any drugs ;The negative control group were given injections for normal saline 6μg/kg subcutaneously every other day ;The experimental group were given injections for PTH (1-34) 6 μg/kg(PTH :1 μg/mL) subcutaneously every other day ;then rats in every group were killed on the day 0 ,7 ,10 ,14 ,17 ,21 ,25 .TRAP staining for counting TRAP-positive stained osteoclasts ,calculat-ing the mean ;Ligand RANKL immunohistochemistry and using image-pro-plus image analysis system to measure the average opti-cal density value of compression side .Results On the day of discontinuation ,the tooth resorption continued in each group ;the num-ber of osteoclasts between every two arrays there were no significant statistic differences (P>0 .05);RANKL immunohistochemis-try :Compared with control group and the negative control group ,the experimental group significantly increased in early stage ,and reduced in latest stage(P<0 .05) .Conclusion It indicated that intermittent injection of small dose PTH (1-34) did not cease the rats tooth resorption which occured during the period of tooth repair .

The skeletal morphology of temporomandibular joints in patients with unilateral posterior scissors bite by using cone-beam computed tomography / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the skeletal characteristics of temporomandibular joint in patients with unilateral posterior scis-sors bite by using the cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) .Methods Thirty-five patients of Angle class Ⅰ were scanned by CBCT (19 cases with unilateral scissors bite as the experimental group and 16 cases without scissors bite as the control group ) The CT images were reconstructed into 3D computer models by using the Dental Volume Reformat Function of the Ondemand 3D pack-age .9 anatomical landmarks were located and all data of 11 measured value were statistically analyzed .Results There were statisti-cal differences in the skeletal characteristics of temporomandibular joint in the scissors-bite side of the experimental group compared with those in the non-scissors-bite side (P0 .05) .There were statistical significances in the skeletal characteris-tics of temporomandibular joint of the controlled group compared with those in the scissors-bite side of the experimental group ,and the same with those in the non-scissors-bite side (P<0 .01) .Conclusion The CBCT is an effective tool to analyze the skeletal char-acteristics of temporomandibular joint characteristics .There were differences in the morphology of the condyle and the glenoid fossa of patients with unilateral posterior scissors bite .

Correlation between serum adiponectin, C reactive protein and homocysteine in acute cerebral infarction / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between adiponectin, CRP and homocysteine (Hcy) and evaluate its mechanism in acute cerebral infarction. Methods Serum adiponectin, hs-CRP,Hcy, blood lipid, FPG and blood pressure were measured in eighty patients with acute cerebral infarction ( cerebral infarction group) and eighty healthy persons ( control group). Results In cerebral infarction group, serum hs-CRP, Hcy, TG , and systolic pressure were significantly higher than in control group ( P ＜0. 05) , while serum adiponectin were significantly lower than in control group ( P ＜0. 05). Serum adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with Hcy( r = -0. 453) , hs-CRP ( r = -0. 397) ,TG( r = -0. 321) , FPG( r = -0. 318) and systolic pressure ( r = -0. 288). Conclusion There is correlation between adiponectin, Hcy, hs-CRP, glucose and lipid metabolism and blood pressure, which plays a role in occurrenc and development of acute cerebral infarction.

Position change of upper incisors and molars after extraction of first premolars in cases with Angle class I malocclusion and crowding / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To observe the position change of the upper mol ar s and incisors in cases with Angle class I malocclusion and crowding treated by extraction of four first premolars. Methods: 20 patients with An gle class I malocclusion and crowding aged 14-16 years old, 8 male and 12 femal e, were treated by extraction of the four first premolars, and Edgewise applianc e. Two X-ray cephalometry films were taken for every patient before and after t reatment, cephalometry measurements were obtained and the position of the upper molars and incisors were analyzed. Results:The treatment was co mpleted in 18 month on average in all patients. After treatment, the crown of th e upper first molars showed mesial displacement of 3.15 mm on average, the crown of the upper incisors distal displacement of 2.55 mm, the crown of the lowe r first molars mesial displacement of 4.3 mm, the crown of the lower incisors d istal displacement of 1.77 mm. Conclusion: With of dental anchor age, the position changes of the upper molars and incisors in the cases with Ang le class I malocclusion and crowding after extraction treatment may be achived.I n relation to RL line,the mesial displacement of molars are larger than the dist ally displacement of incisors.