Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and other obesity-related diseases are characterized by insulin resistance (IR) as a common pathophysiological change and are closely related to cardiovascular disease, which seriously threaten human health. Telmisartan belongs to a group of drugs called angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) and it can partially activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Animal experiments have confirmed that telmisartan can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and improve IR. STUDY QUESTION: This study performs a systematic review of the advantages of telmisartan in improving IR and compared it with other ARBs. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared telmisartan with other ARBs in patients with obesity, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and metabolic syndrome were searched from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, and Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM). RCTs published as of the end of April 2017 were included in the present study. MEASURES AND OUTCOMES: The outcomes included homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose level, fasting insulin level, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure. We used a fixed-effects model or random-effects model to pool the estimates according to the heterogeneity between the included studies. RESULTS: A total of 21 RCTs, which included 1679 patients, were included. Results revealed that telmisartan was superior in improving homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (mean difference = -0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.40 to -0.06), reducing fasting blood glucose level (mean difference = -0.32, 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.07), reducing fasting insulin level (mean difference = -1.01, 95% CI, -1.63 to -0.39), and decreasing diastolic blood pressure (mean difference = -1.46, 95% CI, -2.10 to -0.82) compared with other ARBs. However, for the decrease in systolic pressure, the difference was not statistically significant (mean difference = -0.73, 95% CI, -1.53 to 0.07). CONCLUSION: Telmisartan can better improve IR compared with other ARBs.

Preoperative Patient Reported Mental Health is Associated with High Grade Complications after Radical Cystectomy.

PURPOSE: Psychological distress has been associated with an impaired immune response and poor wound healing. We hypothesized that preoperative patient reported mental health would be associated with high grade 30-day complications after radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer who completed Short Form 12 (SF-12) surveys for self-assessment of health status less than 6 months before surgery. Median physical and mental composite scores were calculated. An expert model including known predictors of postoperative high grade complications was developed, and SF-12 physical composite score and mental composite score were added to determine their association with this end point. RESULTS: From January 2010 to August 2014, 472 patients underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, of whom 274 (58.1%) completed preoperative SF-12 questionnaires. Responders were more likely to be white (p=0.024), have higher preoperative albumin (p=0.037), receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.002), have pT3/T4 disease (p=0.044) and have positive soft tissue surgical margins (p=0.006). Median SF-12 physical composite score was 43.1 (IQR 33.0-51.5) and mental composite score was 48.5 (IQR 39.5-54.7) in responders. Overall 46 (16.8%) responders experienced a high grade 30-day complication. Patients with a high grade complication had a lower preoperative median SF-12 mental composite score (44.8 vs 49.8, p=0.004) but no difference in physical composite score (39.2 vs 43.8, p=0.06). SF-12 mental composite score was also a significant predictive variable when added to our expert model (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative patient reported mental health was independently associated with high grade complications after radical cystectomy. Therefore, patient self-assessment of health status before surgery through validated questionnaires may provide additional information useful in predicting short-term postoperative outcomes.

ABNORMAL POLLEN TUBE GUIDANCE1, an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized Mannosyltransferase Homolog of GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL10 in Yeast and PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL GLYCAN ANCHOR BIOSYNTHESIS B in Human, Is Required for Arabidopsis Pollen Tube Micropylar Guidance and Embryo Development.

The perception and response of pollen tubes to the female guidance signals are crucial for directional pollen tube growth inside female tissues, which leads to successful reproduction. In pursuing the mechanisms underlying this biological process, we identified the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) abnormal pollen tube guidance1 (aptg1) mutant, whose pollen tubes showed compromised micropylar guidance. In addition to its male defect, the aptg1 mutant showed embryo lethality. APTG1 encodes a putative mannosyltransferase homolog to human PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL GLYCAN ANCHOR BIOSYNTHESIS B and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL10 (GPI10), both of which are involved in the biosynthesis of GPI anchors. We found that APTG1 was expressed in most plant tissues, including mature pollen, pollen tubes, mature embryo sacs, and developing embryos. By fluorescence colabeling, we showed that APTG1 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, where GPI anchors are synthesized. Disruption of APTG1 affected the localization of COBRA-LIKE10, a GPI-anchored protein important for pollen tube growth and guidance. The results shown here demonstrate that APTG1 is involved in both vegetative and reproductive development in Arabidopsis, likely through processing and proper targeting of GPI-anchored proteins.

Identification of small secreted peptides (SSPs) in maize and expression analysis of partial SSP genes in reproductive tissues.

MAIN CONCLUSION: Maize 1,491 small secreted peptides were identified, which were classified according to the character of peptide sequences. Partial SSP gene expressions in reproductive tissues were determined by qRT-PCR. Small secreted peptides (SSPs) are important cell-cell communication messengers in plants. Most information on plant SSPs come from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, while little is known about the SSPs of other grass species such as maize (Zea mays). In this study, we identified 1,491 SSP genes from maize genomic sequences. These putative SSP genes were distributed throughout the ten maize chromosomes. Among them, 611 SSPs were classified into 198 superfamilies according to their conserved domains, and 725 SSPs with four or more cysteines at their C-termini shared similar cysteine arrangements with their counterparts in other plant species. Moreover, the SSPs requiring post-translational modification, as well as defensin-like (DEFL) proteins, were identified. Further, the expression levels of 110 SSP genes were analyzed in reproductive tissues, including male flower, pollen, silk, and ovary. Most of the genes encoding basal-layer antifungal peptide-like, small coat proteins-like, thioredoxin-like proteins, γ-thionins-like, and DEFL proteins showed high expression levels in the ovary and male flower compared with their levels in silk and mature pollen. The rapid alkalinization factor-like genes were highly expressed only in the mature ovary and mature pollen, and pollen Ole e 1-like genes showed low expression in silk. The results of this study provide basic information for further analysis of SSP functions in the reproductive process of maize.

Screening new breeding japonica rice varieties by rice quality, three processing characteristics, and odor characteristics.

Rice's yield, cooking, and sensory quality are primary considerations in selecting new breeding rice varieties, which are determined by the rice eating quality such as processing and flavor characteristics. Thus, in this study, to advance the breed of new superior japonica rice varieties, the differences in the rice quality, processing characteristics, and flavor characteristics between 12 newly-bred varieties (H2-36, H2-42, H2-53, H2-59, H2-63, H2-73, H2-74, H2-79, H2-81, H2-82, H2-89, and H2-91) and 1 commercial variety (Kenyu38) were analyzed. The results indicated that H2-42 has a reasonable length-to-width ratio (1.51), high rice yield, good color, reasonable amylose, protein content, excellent water existence index, accessible storage, and the highest taste value. Electronic nose results showed significant differences in aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols among 13 rice varieties. Aroma analysis results showed that H2-42 had the highest n-hexanal (14.63 µg/kg), (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal (37.24 µg/kg), nonanal (19.93 µg/kg), and decanal (4.81 µg/kg); those were important aroma components in cooked rice. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, trough viscosity, peak time, and pasting temperature were the crucial factors that affected rice quality. According to partial least squares regression analysis, total color change, final viscosity, setback, (E)-2-heptenal, and 2-methyl-undecanol were the most important factors that distinguished the rice quality. In conclusion, H2-42 rice was better apparent quality, processing characteristics, and aroma compounds. Therefore, H2-42 has the potential for identification and promotion. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results from this study will provide data support for the cultivation, application, and quality improvement of high-quality rice varieties. In addition, it gives new ideas and methods for studying rice eating quality.

An Anterior Cingulate Cortex-to-Midbrain Projection Controls Chronic Itch in Mice.

Itch is an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. While acute itch serves as a protective system to warn the body of external irritating agents, chronic itch is a debilitating but poorly-treated clinical disease leading to repetitive scratching and skin lesions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of chronic itch remain mysterious. Here, we identified a cell type-dependent role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in controlling chronic itch-related excessive scratching behaviors in mice. Moreover, we delineated a neural circuit originating from excitatory neurons of the ACC to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that was critically involved in chronic itch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ACC→VTA circuit also selectively modulated histaminergic acute itch. Finally, the ACC neurons were shown to predominantly innervate the non-dopaminergic neurons of the VTA. Taken together, our findings uncover a cortex-midbrain circuit for chronic itch-evoked scratching behaviors and shed novel insights on therapeutic intervention.

Discovery of new genetic loci for male sexual orientation in Han population.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the genetic factors partly influence the development of same-sex sexual behavior, but most genetic studies have focused on people of primarily European ancestry, potentially missing important biological insights. Here, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a total sample of 1478 homosexual males and 3313 heterosexual males in Han Chinese populations and identified two genetic loci (rs17320865, Xq27.3, FMR1NB, Pmeta = 8.36 × 10-8, OR = 1.29; rs7259428, 19q12, ZNF536, Pmeta = 7.58 × 10-8, OR = 0.75) showing consistent association with male sexual orientation. A fixed-effect meta-analysis including individuals of Han Chinese (n = 4791) and European ancestries (n = 408,995) revealed 3 genome-wide significant loci of same-sex sexual behavior (rs9677294, 2p22.1, SLC8A1, Pmeta = 1.95 × 10-8; rs2414487, 15q21.3, LOC145783, Pmeta = 4.53 × 10-9; rs2106525, 7q31.1, MDFIC, Pmeta = 6.24 × 10-9). These findings may provide new insights into the genetic basis of male sexual orientation from a wider population scope. Furthermore, we defined the average ZNF536-immunoreactivity (ZNF536-ir) concentration in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as lower in homosexual individuals than in heterosexual individuals (0.011 ± 0.001 vs 0.021 ± 0.004, P = 0.013) in a postmortem study. In addition, compared with heterosexuals, the percentage of ZNF536 stained area in the SCN was also smaller in the homosexuals (0.075 ± 0.040 vs 0.137 ± 0.103, P = 0.043). More homosexual preference was observed in FMR1NB-knockout mice and we also found significant differences in the expression of serotonin, dopamine, and inflammation pathways that were reported to be related to sexual orientation when comparing CRISPR-mediated FMR1NB knockout mice to matched wild-type target C57 male mice.

Research progress of vaccination status, efficacy and safety in children with tumor / 中华预防医学杂志

Malignant tumors in children are one of the most important diseases that threaten the health and quality of life of children and are the second most common cause of death in children.With the continuous improvement and progress of treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of children with tumor has been significantly improved, but both the disease itself and the treatment can impair the immune function of children, which makes them vulnerable to various infectious diseases and secondary serious complications, and even become a source of infection, endangering the health of others. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. For children with normal immune functions, the benefits of vaccination usually outweigh the disadvantages. However, there is a lack of detailed data on the vaccination situation, efficacy and safety of vaccine use for such immunocompromised tumor survivors, and there are no authoritative and uniform vaccination recommendations. This article reviewed and summarized the literature and consensus of some domestic and foreign scholars on current status of post-treatment vaccination status, efficacy and safety of vaccination for children with tumors after treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for the practice in this field in China.

Research progress of vaccination status, efficacy and safety in children with tumor / 中华预防医学杂志

Malignant tumors in children are one of the most important diseases that threaten the health and quality of life of children and are the second most common cause of death in children.With the continuous improvement and progress of treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of children with tumor has been significantly improved, but both the disease itself and the treatment can impair the immune function of children, which makes them vulnerable to various infectious diseases and secondary serious complications, and even become a source of infection, endangering the health of others. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. For children with normal immune functions, the benefits of vaccination usually outweigh the disadvantages. However, there is a lack of detailed data on the vaccination situation, efficacy and safety of vaccine use for such immunocompromised tumor survivors, and there are no authoritative and uniform vaccination recommendations. This article reviewed and summarized the literature and consensus of some domestic and foreign scholars on current status of post-treatment vaccination status, efficacy and safety of vaccination for children with tumors after treatment, with the aim of providing a reference for the practice in this field in China.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of BR regimen and R-CHOP regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma / 中国综合临床

Objective:Compare the clinical efficacy and safety of bendamustine combined with rituximab (BR regimen) and rituximab combined with standard CHOP regimen (R-CHOP regimen) in the treatment of newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma (FL).Methods:Adopting a prospective case-control study method. 104 newly diagnosed FL patients admitted to Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method, with 52 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with bendamustine combined with rituximab, while the control group was treated with rituximab combined with standard CHOP regimen. Both groups were treated for 6 consecutive courses of treatment, with a 21 day treatment period. Compare the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels before and after treatment between two groups β 2-Microglobulin (β 2-microglobulin, β 2-MG level, improvement in quality of life after treatment, long-term survival, clinical efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions. Measurement data is represented by paired t-tests for intra group comparisons, and independent sample t-tests for inter group comparisons; Counting data is represented as an example (%), and inter group comparisons are made using χ 2-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparing rank data. Survival analysis was conducted using the Log Rank test. Results:After treatment, serum LDH and The levels of β 2-MG were lower than before treatment [LDH: (262.34±37.24) U/L ratio (323.45±44.46) U/L, (287.23±43.19) U/L ratio (318.28±52.35) U/L; β 2-MG: (2.72±0.30) mg/L compared to (3.45±0.37) mg/L, (2.93±0.28) mg/L compared to (3.37±0.42) mg/L, t-values of 7.60, 3.30, 11.05, 6.29, P values of <0.001, 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001], and the observation group was lower than the control group ( t-values of 3.15, 3.69, P values of 0.002, <0.001, respectively). After 6 courses of treatment, the quality of life in the observation group improved in 27 cases, stabilized in 22 cases, and decreased in 3 cases; The quality of life in the control group improved in 18 cases, stabilized in 26 cases, and decreased in 8 cases. The improvement of quality of life in the observation group was better than that in the control group ( Z=-2.03, P=0.042). The progression free survival period in the observation group was longer than that in the control group [52.53 months (95% confidence interval: 49.16-55.89 months) compared to 38.84 months (95% confidence interval: 32.44-45.24 months)], and the difference was statistically significant (Log Rank χ 2=4.06, P=0.044), there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between the two groups ( P=0.217). The complete remission rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [88.46%(46/52) vs 71.15%(37/52)], χ 2=4.83, P=0.028], there was no statistically significant difference in objective response rates between the two groups ( P=0.485). The incidence of nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, neutropenia, alopecia, and fatigue in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Both the BR regimen and R-CHOP regimen can significantly reduce serum tumor marker levels in the treatment of newly diagnosed FL. However, the BR regimen has a higher complete response rate, better patient quality of life, longer PFS, fewer toxic side effects, and more significant overall efficacy.

Research progress of transcriptomics and proteomics in schizophrenia / 中华预防医学杂志

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with an unclear etiology and various clinical manifestations. The diagnosis and consequent treatment of schizophrenia mainly rely on clinical symptoms. Multiple risk sites associated with schizophrenia have been identified, yet objective indicators have not been found to facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. The development of omics technology provides different perspectives on the etiology of schizophrenia and make the early identification, diagnosis and treatment of the disorder possible. This article summarizes the prevalence of schizophrenia, reviews the research results and shortcomings of transcriptomics and proteomics, as well as the latest achievements and prospects of multi-omics, aiming to reveal the use of omics in SZ, provide more comprehensive biological evidence to reveal the complex pathogenesis of schizophrenia and provide a theoretical basis for the early identification, accurate diagnosis, disease progression control, and prognosis improvement of schizophrenia.

Research progress of transcriptomics and proteomics in schizophrenia / 中华预防医学杂志

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with an unclear etiology and various clinical manifestations. The diagnosis and consequent treatment of schizophrenia mainly rely on clinical symptoms. Multiple risk sites associated with schizophrenia have been identified, yet objective indicators have not been found to facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. The development of omics technology provides different perspectives on the etiology of schizophrenia and make the early identification, diagnosis and treatment of the disorder possible. This article summarizes the prevalence of schizophrenia, reviews the research results and shortcomings of transcriptomics and proteomics, as well as the latest achievements and prospects of multi-omics, aiming to reveal the use of omics in SZ, provide more comprehensive biological evidence to reveal the complex pathogenesis of schizophrenia and provide a theoretical basis for the early identification, accurate diagnosis, disease progression control, and prognosis improvement of schizophrenia.

An Anterior Cingulate Cortex-to-Midbrain Projection Controls Chronic Itch in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Itch is an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. While acute itch serves as a protective system to warn the body of external irritating agents, chronic itch is a debilitating but poorly-treated clinical disease leading to repetitive scratching and skin lesions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of chronic itch remain mysterious. Here, we identified a cell type-dependent role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in controlling chronic itch-related excessive scratching behaviors in mice. Moreover, we delineated a neural circuit originating from excitatory neurons of the ACC to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that was critically involved in chronic itch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ACC→VTA circuit also selectively modulated histaminergic acute itch. Finally, the ACC neurons were shown to predominantly innervate the non-dopaminergic neurons of the VTA. Taken together, our findings uncover a cortex-midbrain circuit for chronic itch-evoked scratching behaviors and shed novel insights on therapeutic intervention.

Associations of genetic variations in pyroptosis related genes with acute adverse events in postoperative rectal cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: This study aims to investigate the associations between genetic variations of pyroptosis pathway related key genes and adverse events (AEs) of postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. Methods: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood which was collected from 347 patients before CRT. Sequenom MassARRAY was used to detect the genotypes of 43 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) in eight pyroptosis genes, including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), caspase-1 (CASP1), caspase-4(CASP4), caspase-5 (CASP5), caspase-11 (CASP11), gasdermin D (GSDMD), gasdermin E (GSDME) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). The associations between 43 htSNPs and AEs were evaluated by the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for sex, age, clinical stage, tumor grade, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), surgical procedure, and tumor location. Results: Among the 347 patients with rectal cancer underwent concurrent CRT with capecitabine after surgery, a total of 101(29.1%) occurred grade ≥ 2 leukopenia. rs11226565 (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.21-0.79, P=0.008), rs579408(OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.03-2.29, P=0.034) and rs543923 (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.98, P=0.040) were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥ 2 leukopenia. One hundred and fifty-six (45.0%) had grade ≥ 2 diarrhea, two SNPs were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥ diarrhea, including CASP11 rs10880868 (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91, P=0.020) and GSDME rs2954558 (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.01-2.31, P=0.050). In addition, sixty-six cases (19.0%) developed grade ≥2 dermatitis, three SNPs that significantly associated with the risk of grade ≥2 dermatitis included GSDME rs2237314 (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.83, P=0.017), GSDME rs12540919 (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.27-0.99, P=0.045) and NLRP3 rs3806268 (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.03-2.22, P=0.037). There was no significant difference in the association between other genetic variations and AEs of rectal cancer patients (all P>0.05). Surgical procedure and tumor location had great impacts on the occurrence of grade ≥2 diarrhea and dermatitis (all P<0.01). Conclusion: The genetic variants of CASP4, CASP11, GSDME and NLRP3 are associated with the occurrence of AEs in patients with rectal cancer who received postoperative CRT, suggesting they may be potential genetic markers in predicting the grade of AEs to achieve individualized treatment of rectal cancer.

Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive disease caused by serotype 19A in children: a meta-analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: Using Meta-analysis to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease (IPD) caused by serotype 19A in children <5 years old. Methods: "Streptococcus pneumoniae infection""invasive pneumococcal disease""13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine""PCV13""effectiveness""infant""child" and related terms were searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG DATA, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of science with no limited on language, region and research institution. The retrieval time was limited from January 2010 to February 2023 and cohort study, case-control study and randomized controlled trial were included. Data were extracted from eligible studies by two independent reviewers, and after study quality assessment by NOS scale, Meta-analysis was completed using Stata 16.0 software. Results: A total of 2 340 related literatures were searched, and 10 literatures were finally included, including 5 case-control studies and 5 indirect cohort studies, which showed good literature quality. The vaccine effectiveness against serotype 19A IPD of PCV13 in children was 83.91% (95%CI: 78.92%-88.89%), and the subgroup analysis (P=0.240) showed there was no significant difference among the case-control study (VE=87.34%, 95%CI:79.74%-94.94%) and the indirect cohort study (VE=81.30%, 95%CI:74.69%-87.92%). The funnel plot and Egger test suggested that the possibility of publication bias was small. Conclusion: The present evidence indicates that PCV13 has a good vaccine effectiveness against serotype 19A IPD in children, and it is recommended to further increase the vaccination rate of PCV13 to reduce the disease burden of IPD in children <5 years old.

Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive disease caused by serotype 19A in children: a meta-analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: Using Meta-analysis to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease (IPD) caused by serotype 19A in children <5 years old. Methods: "Streptococcus pneumoniae infection""invasive pneumococcal disease""13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine""PCV13""effectiveness""infant""child" and related terms were searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG DATA, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of science with no limited on language, region and research institution. The retrieval time was limited from January 2010 to February 2023 and cohort study, case-control study and randomized controlled trial were included. Data were extracted from eligible studies by two independent reviewers, and after study quality assessment by NOS scale, Meta-analysis was completed using Stata 16.0 software. Results: A total of 2 340 related literatures were searched, and 10 literatures were finally included, including 5 case-control studies and 5 indirect cohort studies, which showed good literature quality. The vaccine effectiveness against serotype 19A IPD of PCV13 in children was 83.91% (95%CI: 78.92%-88.89%), and the subgroup analysis (P=0.240) showed there was no significant difference among the case-control study (VE=87.34%, 95%CI:79.74%-94.94%) and the indirect cohort study (VE=81.30%, 95%CI:74.69%-87.92%). The funnel plot and Egger test suggested that the possibility of publication bias was small. Conclusion: The present evidence indicates that PCV13 has a good vaccine effectiveness against serotype 19A IPD in children, and it is recommended to further increase the vaccination rate of PCV13 to reduce the disease burden of IPD in children <5 years old.

[The subchronic toxicity study on the biological amnion].

As the new type cornea ulcer renovation material, the biological amnion is to be implanted into the human body for a long time, a subchronic toxicity study in rats is made to evaluate its possibility of subchronic toxicity. The study is based on the requirements of "Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Part 11: Tests for systemic toxicity and Part 6: Tests for local effects after implantation". After the implantation of examples to be tested, animals were observed daily for mortality and 92 days later the possible subchronic toxicity was evaluated. And a necropsy was conducted and the selected organs were excised, weighed, and processed histologically. Body weights, organ weights, organ/body weight ratios, hematology values and clinical chemistry values were analyzed statistically. Results show that daily clinical observation, body weights, necropsy findings, organ weights and organ/body weight ratios were within acceptable limits in test and control treatment groups. There were no obvious changes in histopathology, hematology values or clinical chemistry values in either male or female rats and no notable differences between the biological amnion and the control amnion. This study proves that, the cornea ulcer renovation material, the biological amnion does not induce subchronic toxicity.

Effect of Bufei Yishen Prescription on Airway Mucus Hypersecretion and Notch3 and HES1 Expression in Lung Tissues of Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Bufei Yishen prescription on airway mucus hypersecretion and Notch signaling pathway related protein Notch3 and enhancer of split homologue 1 （HES1） in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and to explore its action mechanism. MethodForty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， Bufei Yishen prescription group， and aminophylline （APL） group，with 12 rats in each group. The stable COPD rat model was established via cigarette smoking exposure combined with Klebsiella bacterial infection for 12 weeks， and the corresponding drugs （3.7 g·kg-1·d-1 Bufei Yishen prescription and 54 mg·kg-1·d-1 APL） were administered by gavage during the next eight weeks. After the last administration at week 20， the lung tissue was sampled for observing the pathological changes and the rat lung function was detected. The tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and mucoprotein 5AC （MUC5AC） in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch3， HES1， and MUC5AC in lung tissues were assayed. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited significantly weakened pulmonary function （P<0.05，P<0.01）， reduced average number of alveoli （P<0.01）， elevated mean linear intercept （P<0.01）， and up-regulated TNF-α， IL-6， and MUC5AC in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and Notch3， HES1， and MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression in lung tissue （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Bufei Yishen prescription and APL remarkably enhanced pulmonary function， alleviated its pathological injury （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and down-regulated TNF-α， IL-6， and MUC5AC in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch3， HES1， and MUC5AC in lung tissues （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionThe mechanism of Bufei Yishen prescription in inhibiting airway mucus hypersecretion of COPD rats was related to its regulation of Notch3 and HES1.

Influence of Sensitization Patterns on Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Asthmatic Children.

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been suggested as a non-invasive biomarker of airway inflammation, which is increased in atopic subjects. Whether sensitization to particular allergens is a predictive factor for increased FeNO levels is not yet fully understood. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. From October to December in 2015, the medical documents of 127 mild, steroid-naive asthmatic children and 34 healthy age-matched children were enrolled in this study. The results of the FeNO measurements, skin prick test, and the spirometry were collected for analysis. Sensitization patterns to the 18 aeroallergens (5 categories: mites, molds, animal dander, pollen, and other) were determined in study population. A significant increase in FeNO level was observed in poly-sensitized asthmatic children (34.7 part per billion, (ppb) [28.3-41.1 p.p.b]), compared with mono-sensitized asthmatics (30.7 p.p.b [18.3-43.2 p.p.b]) and with non-sensitized asthmatics (17.3 p.p.b [10.8-24.5 p.p.b]). With sensitization to perennial allergens (mites, mold, and animal dander), blood eosinophil counts were significantly associated with increased FeNO (p<0.05 for all). The highest FeNO level was identified in children sensitized to a combination of the perennial, seasonal, and other allergens, when compared with those sensitized to one category of allergen alone (p=0.004). Our study showed that variations in FeNO level were associated with individuals' sensitization patterns. Being sensitized to some particular allergens might contribute to prompt the airway inflammation.

[Spatiotemporal dynamics of atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 and its influencing factors in Nanchang, China]. / 南昌市空气PM2.5和PM10çš„æ—¶ç©ºåŠ¨æ€åŠå ¶å½±å“å› ç´ .

PM2.5 and PM10 have become the primary pollutants of most cities in China. Atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations, meteorological factors, traffic flow from 2013 to 2015 in Nanchang were analyzed. Spatiotemporal dynamic pattern of atmospheric particulate matter pollution and the effect of weather and traffic on particle concentration change were discussed in this paper. The results showed that PM2.5(70.92 µg·m-3 in 2013 > 53.70 µg·m-3 in 2014 ＞ 43.65 µg·m-3 in 2015) and PM10(119.72 µg·m-3 in 2013 ＞ 86.11 µg·m-3 in 2014 ＞ 73.32 µg·m-3 in 2015) concentrations decreased gradually from 2013 to 2015. In addition, low concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in summer (average PM2.5 concentration 36.74 µg·m-3, average PM10 concentration 69.20 µg·m-3) but high concentrations in winter (average PM2.5 concentration 74.29 µg·m-3, average PM10 concentration 111.64 µg·m-3) were observed. Moreover, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations changed with the urban-rural gradient, decreasing from the city center to suburb. The ratio of PM2.5/PM10(0.595 ＞ 0.584 ＞ 0.557) decreased year by year from 2013 to 2015 and was higher in the city center area than in the edge of city. PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were affected by various meteorological factors and significantly related to air pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and sunshine time. The influence of meteorological factors differed on PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. Traffic flow significantly increased the surrounding PM2.5 concentration, but not PM10 concentration.