Transversus Thoracic Muscle Plane Block For Postoperative Pain in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis of Randomized And Observational Studies.

OBJECTIVES: Pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery usually experience significant surgical pain. Additionally, the effect of poor surgical analgesia creates a pain continuum that extends to the postoperative period. Transversus thoracic muscle plane block (TTMPB) is a novel plane block technique that can provide analgesia to the anterior chest wall. The analgesic role of TTMPB in pediatric cardiac surgery is still uncertain. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the analgesic efficacy of this procedure. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, WanFang Data, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to November 2023, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was followed to evaluate the certainty of evidence. PARTICIPANTS: Eligible studies enrolled pediatric patients from 2 months to 12 years old scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery, and randomized them to receive a TTMPB or no block/sham block. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Six studies that enrolled 601 pediatric patients were included. Low-certainty evidence from randomized trials showed that, compared with no block or sham block, TTMPB in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery may reduce postoperative modified objective pain score at 12 hours (weighted mean difference [WMD] -2.20, 95% CI -2.73 to -1.68) and 24 hours (WMD -1.76, 95% CI -2.09 to -1.42), intraoperative opioid consumption (WMD -3.83, 95% CI -5.90 to -1.76 µg/kg), postoperative opioid consumption (WMD -2.51, 95% CI -2.84 to -2.18 µg/kg), length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (WMD -5.56, 95% CI -8.30 to -2.83 hours), and extubation time (WMD -2.13, 95% CI -4.21 to -0.05 hours). Retrospective studies provided very low certainty that the results were consistent with the randomized trials. CONCLUSION: Very low- to low-certainty evidence showed that TTMPB in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery may reduce postoperative pain, opioid consumption, ICU length of stay, and extubation time.

X-linked BCOR variants identified in Chinese Han patients with congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently manifests as a complex phenotype and approximately one-third of cases may be caused by genetic factors. BCOR, an X-linked gene encoding the corepressor of BCL6, has been demonstrated to be closely involved in human heart development. However, whether BCOR variants represent the genetic etiology underlying CHD needs further investigation. METHODS: We performed whole exome sequencing on CHD nuclear families and identified a candidate gene, BCOR, by robust bioinformatic analysis and medical literature searches. Targeted DNA sequencing of the candidate gene was conducted and then the association between variants and the risk of developing CHD was analyzed. The effects of BCOR mutations on gene expression, localization, protein interaction, and signaling pathways were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS: We identified a BCOR hemizygous missense variant (c.1448C>T, p.Pro483Leu) in a male proband presented with CHD/heterotaxy. Sanger sequencing confirmed that this variant was inherited from his asymptomatic mother. Interestingly, through literature searches, we observed another novel BCOR hemizygous missense variant (c.1619G>A, p.Arg540Gln) in a CHD patient with heterotaxy, supporting the pathogenic evidence of BCOR variants. Functional experiments conducted in vitro revealed that the variant p.Pro483Leu altered the subcellular localization of BCOR protein, disrupted its interaction with BCL6, and significantly promoted cell proliferation, whereas the variant p.Arg540Gln displayed no obvious effects. Nevertheless, transcriptional analysis revealed that down-regulation of BCOR substantially enhanced the activities of mitogen-activated protein and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling pathways, which are closely attributed to heart development. Targeted sequencing of 932 sporadic CHD patients enriched nine variants of BCOR predicted as likely rare and damaging and a septal defect was present in 81.8% (9/11) of them, including the two probands, which was consistent with the possible phenotype caused by BCOR defects. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicate that variants in BCOR may predispose individuals to CHD in the Chinese Han population.

Copy number variant analysis for syndromic congenital heart disease in the Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Syndromic congenital heart disease (CHD) is among the most severe conditions in the pediatric population. Copy number variant (CNV) is an important cause of syndromic CHD, but few studies focused on CNVs related to these patients in China. The present study aimed to identify pathogenic CNVs associated with syndromic CHD in the Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 109 sporadic patients with syndromic CHD were applied chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Phenotype spectrum of pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs was analyzed. CHD-related genes were prioritized from genes within pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs by VarElect, OVA, AMELIE, and ToppGene. RESULTS: Using CMA, we identified 43 candidate CNVs in 37/109 patients. After filtering CNVs present in the general population, 29 pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs in 24 patients were identified. The diagnostic yield of CMA for pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs was 23.1% (24/104), excluding 5 cases with aneuploidies or gross chromosomal aberrations. The overlapping analysis of CHD-related gene lists from different prioritization tools highlighted 16 CHD candidate genes. CONCLUSION: As the first study focused on CNVs in syndromic CHD from the Chinese population, this study reveals the importance of CMA in exploring the genetic etiology of syndromic CHD and expands our understanding of these complex diseases. The bioinformatic analysis of candidate genes suggests several CHD-related genes for further functional research.

Vibrio sinus sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from coastal seawater.

A Gram-straining-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile by means of a polar flagellum and rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated S4M6T, was isolated from surface seawater collected in Dongshan Bay (Fujian, PR China). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes, phylogenomic analysis of single-copy gene families and whole genome data indicated that S4M6T represented a member of the genus Vibrio. The closest phylogenetic relatives of S4M6T were Vibrio marisflavi CGMCC 1.8994T (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence pairwise similarity), Vibrio variabilis LMG 25438T (96.9 %), Vibrio gangliei SZDIS-1T (96.2 %) and Vibrio aestivus M22T (96.1 %). The growth of S4M6T occurred at 15-35 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 4.0-9.0 (optimum 5.0-7.0) and in the presence of 2-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3 %). The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) are C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 :  1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 :  1ω6c). The DNA G+C content of the assembled genomic sequences was 43.4 % for S4M6T. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between S4M6T and the reference species were lower than the threshold for species delineation (95-96 %); in silico DNA-DNA hybridization further indicated that S4M6T had less than 70 % similarity to its relatives. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence, strain S4M6T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Vibrio, for which the name Vibrio sinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S4M6T (= KCTC 92312T= MCCC 1K06167T).

Vibrio methylphosphonaticus sp. nov., a methylphosphonate-decomposing bacterium isolated from surface seawater in the Xisha Islands, PR China.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, methylphosphonate-decomposing, motile by a polar flagellum and rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated S4B1T, was isolated from the surface seawater collected from the Yongle Atoll (Xisha Islands, PR China). The pairwise alignment showed the highest sequence similarity of 97.5 and 96.6 % to Vibrio aestuarianus subsp. cardii 12_122_3T3T and Vibrio atypicus HHS02T, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and the phylogenomic analysis of single-copy genes showed that strain S4B1T belonged to the genus Vibrio and formed a close branch with Vibrio qingdaonensis ZSDZ65T. Growth of strain S4B1T occurred at 4-30 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 2-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c or/and C16 : 1 ω6c). The DNA G+C content of the assembled genomic sequence was 44.3 mol%. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between S4B1T and its reference species were lower than the threshold for species delineation (95-96 %), in which its highest ANI value with V. qingdaonensis ZSDZ65T was 87.0 %. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization further showed that strain S4B1T had less than 70 % similarity to its relatives. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence, strain S4B1T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Vibrio, for which the name Vibrio methylphosphonaticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S4B1T (=KCTC 92311T=MCCC 1K06168T).

Effects of respiratory flora regulation on microbial environment and IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway in the bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation.

Our purpose of this study was to explore the application effect of respiratory flora regulation in bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation, and its regulatory effect on the microbial environment of the lesion and the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway. 25 clean-grade C57BL/6 male mice and 5 BALB/c male mice were selected for orthotopic tracheal transplantation and postoperative respiratory flora regulation in a hospital animal room from Jan 2019 to Dec 2021. Next, the changes in the microbial environment and the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway before and after respiratory flora regulation were compared, so as to evaluate the regulatory effect of this method. The Simpson index did not show a significant difference before and after respiratory flora regulation intervention (P>0.05). However, the Chao1, ACE, Shannon, and Actinobacteria dominant indices were higher after the intervention. There were significant changes in the abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus after the intervention (P<0.05). Additionally, IL-10 and STAT3 levels were higher after the intervention and showed significant differences (P<0.05) compared to before. Regulating the respiratory tract flora can improve the microbial environment of bronchiolitis obliterans post-lung transplantation. This helps balance the respiratory flora, increase IL-10 and STAT3 levels, and aid in the recovery of inflammatory responses.

Simultaneous glutamine metabolism and PD-L1 inhibition to enhance suppression of triple-negative breast cancer.

Blockade of programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) has been used to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and various strategies are under investigation to improve the treatment response rate. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism can reduce the massive consumption of glutamine by tumor cells and meet the demand for glutamine by lymphocytes in tumors, thereby improving the anti-tumor effect on the PD-L1 blockade therapy. Here, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was employed to simultaneously deliver anti-PDL1 antibody (aPDL1) and V9302 to boost the anti-tumor immune response in TNBC cells. The characterization results show that MoS2 has a dispersed lamellar structure with a size of about 181 nm and a size of 232 nm after poly (L-lysine) (PLL) modification, with high stability and biocompatibility. The loading capacity of aPDL1 and V9302 are 3.84% and 24.76%, respectively. V9302 loaded MoS2 (MoS2-V9302) can effectively kill 4T1 cells and significantly reduce glutamine uptake of tumor cells. It slightly increases CD8+ cells in the tumor and promotes CD8+ cells from the tumor edge into the tumor core. In vivo studies demonstrate that the combination of aPDL1 and V9302 (MoS2-aPDL1-V9302) can strongly inhibit the growth of TNBC 4T1 tumors. Interestingly, after the treatment of MoS2-aPDL1-V9302, glutamine levels in tumor interstitial fluid increased. Subsequently, subtypes of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) in the tumors were analyzed according to two markers of T cell activation, CD69, and CD25, and the results reveal a marked increase in the proportion of activated T cells. The levels of cytokines in the corresponding tumor interstitial fluid are also significantly increased. Additionally, during the treatment, the body weights of the mice remain stable, the main indicators of liver and kidney function in the blood do not increase significantly, and there are no obvious lesions in the main organs, indicating low systemic toxicity. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into glutamine metabolism in the tumor microenvironment affects immune checkpoint blockade therapy in TNBC, and highlights the potential clinical implications of combining glutamine metabolism inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of TNBC.

Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation Aggravates and Prolongs Incision-Induced Pain Hypersensitivity via BDNF Signaling-Mediated Descending Facilitation in Rats.

The mechanisms underlying the pronociceptive effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) are not fully established. The modulation of BDNF signaling-mediated descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) of brain stem has been demonstrated in persistent pain models of inflammatory pain, but not in incisional pain model. Recent study has shown that PSD increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brainstem structure. Therefore, in the current study, we asked whether the BDNF signaling-mediated descending facilitation was involved in the PSD-induced pronociceptive effect on incisional pain and delay the recovery period of postoperative pain in rats. Our results found that a preoperative 24 h PSD significantly aggravated the pain hypersensitivity after incision and prolonged the duration of postoperative pain. The lesions of ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus partly reversed the PSD-induced pronociceptive effect on incisional pain. Interestingly, the 24 h PSD, but not incision significantly enhanced the levels of BDNF protein expression in the RVM areas of rats. Furthermore, at 1 day or 4 days after incision, intra-RVM microinjection of a BDNF antibody partly reversed the PSD-induced pronociceptive effects in incisional rats, while it did not change the cumulative pain scores and paw withdrawal thresholds in rats receiving only plantar incision. These findings suggest that the preoperative PSD may aggravate and prolong the incision-induced pain hypersensitivity via BDNF signaling-mediated descending facilitation.

Severe anterior open bite with mandibular retrusion treated with multiloop edgewise archwires and microimplant anchorage complemented by genioplasty.

In this case report, we introduce the combined use of multiloop edgewise archwire and microimplant anchorage to treat an 18-year-old Chinese woman who had a severe anterior open bite and a retrusive chin. Her diagnosis included a skeletal Class II base with severe anterior open bite, backward rotated mandible, and mesially tipped buccal dentition. The treatment plan emphasized vertical control of the posterior dentoalveolar dimension. Microimplant anchors were placed in the mandibular buccal segment to provide rigid anchorage and deliver intruding forces to the posterior teeth; a multiloop edgewise archwire was applied to generate uprighting forces to the maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth. Intrusion and uprighting of the posterior teeth contributed to the counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane, which consequently contributed to the facial profile improvement. Orthognathic genioplasty was implemented to further improve the chin prominence. After 1.5 years of retention, ideal intercuspation was evident, and the improved facial contour was stable.

The impact of mindfulness on nurses' perceived professional benefits: the mediating roles of workplace spirituality and work-life balance.

This study delves into the effects of mindfulness on workplace spirituality, work-life balance, and perceived professional benefits among nurses operating in the high-pressure environments of hospitals in Jiangxi Province, China. Utilizing a robust sample of 303 valid questionnaires and employing partial least squares (PLS) analysis, the research uncovers a significant positive relationship between mindfulness and workplace spirituality. Furthermore, it demonstrates how both workplace spirituality and work-life balance serve as crucial mediators in enhancing nurses' perception of their professional benefits. The findings illuminate the potential of mindfulness training in substantially elevating job satisfaction and reducing burnout among nurses. The study not only reinforces the value of mindfulness in the healthcare sector but also advocates for its integration into professional development programs and healthcare policies. By doing so, it aims to bolster the overall wellbeing and professional effectiveness of nurses facing the myriad challenges inherent in demanding healthcare environments. This study contributes to the growing discourse on mindfulness in occupational settings, highlighting its pivotal role in enhancing both the personal wellbeing and professional capabilities of healthcare professionals.

Catalpol attenuates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats through promoting osteoclast apoptosis via the Sirt6-ERα-FasL axis.

BACKGROUND: Catalpol, a major active component of the Chinese herb Rehmannia glutinosa, possesses various pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. Recent studies have reported that catalpol can attenuate bone loss and enhance bone formation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on osteoporosis pathogenesis remain unclear. PURPOSE: We investigated whether catalpol had a protective effect against postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and explored its exact mechanism of action. METHODS: Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, model, low-dose catalpol (5 mg/kg/day), medium-dose catalpol (10 mg/kg/day), high-dose catalpol (20 mg/kg/day), and positive control (alendronate, 2.5 mg/kg). In this experiment, a ovariectomy was performed to establish a female rat model of PMOP. After 12 weeks of gavage, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histochemical staining were performed to evaluate bone mass, bone microstructure and histological parameters. Furthermore, RAW 264.7 cells were induced by RANKL to form mature osteoclasts to investigate the effect of catalpol on osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, the osteoclast apoptosis-related proteins of Sirt6, ERα, FasL, NFATc1, cleaved-caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 3, and Bax were assessed using western blotting. The expressions of NFATc1, Ctsk, Oscar, and Trap were quantified using RT-qPCR. The apoptotic rate of the osteoclasts was determined using flow cytometry. Sirt6 knockdown was performed using siRNA gene silencing in experiments to investigate its role in catalpol-mediated osteoclast apoptosis. The deacetylation of ERα in osteoclasts was tested via co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: Catalpol (10 and 20 mg/kg) and alendronate (2.5 mg/kg) could significantly improve bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure and decrease osteoclast density in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In addition, catalpol (10 and 20 mg/kg) upregulated the expression of Sirt6, ERα, FasL, cleaved-caspase 8, cleaved-caspase 3, Bax, and downregulated the expression of NFATc1, Ctsk, Oscar, Trap both in vivo and in vitro. Catalpol also promoted ERα deacetylation and stabilized ERα protein to enhance the expression of FasL. In addition, Sirt6 knockdown by siRNA prevented ERα deacetylation and eliminated catalpol-mediated osteoclast apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that catalpol prevents estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by promoting osteoclast apoptosis via the Sirt6-ERα-FasL axis. These findings revealed a novel molecular mechanism underpinning the impact of catalpol in the progression of osteoporosis and provided novel insights into the treatment of osteoporosis.

[Changes in Soil Nitrogen Components and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors with Different Tea Plantation Ages].

Changes in soil nitrogen components in tea gardens affect the soil nitrogen supply capacity and nitrogen cycle. In this study, soil samples were collected from forest land, cultivated land, and tea gardens with different plantation ages (30, 50, and 70 years) to explore the changes in soil nitrogen components and their relationship with physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. The results showed that:① with the increase in tea plantation age, the silt, total phosphorus, and urease and catalase activities gradually increased, whereas the sand, clay, pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, and the activities of invertase gradually decreased. The alkaline phosphatase activity increased first and then decreased with the increase in tea plantation age, and no significant differences were observed in soil water content and acid phosphatase activity. ② With the increase in tea plantation age, the contents of acid ammonia nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) increased significantly, and the contents of total nitrogen, acid ammonia nitrogen, hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen, and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen in tea gardens were significantly higher than those in forest land. ③ The total phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and urease were the main factors affecting soil nitrogen components. Among them, organic nitrogen components were significantly correlated with total phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, and inorganic nitrogen components were significantly correlated with alkaline phosphatase, whereas total nitrogen had significant correlations with sand, silt, total phosphorus, urease, and alkaline phosphatase.

Fe-doped Cu-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks as nanoscale microwave sensitizers for enhancing microwave thermal and dynamic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Microwave ablation (MWA) is recognized as a novel treatment modality that can kill tumor cells by heating the ions and polar molecules in these cells through high-speed rotation and friction. However, the size and location of the tumor affect the effective ablation range of microwave hyperthermia, resulting in residual tumor tissue and a high recurrence rate. Due to their tunable porous structure and high specific surface area, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can serve as microwave sensitizers, promoting microwave energy conversion owing to ion collisions in the porous structure of the MOFs. Moreover, iron-based compounds are known to possess peroxidase-like catalytic activity. Therefore, Fe-doped Cu bimetallic MOFs (FCMs) were prepared through a hydrothermal process. These FCM nanoparticles not only increased the efficiency of microwave-thermal energy conversion as microwave sensitizers but also promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by consuming glutathione (GSH) and promoted the Fenton reaction to enhance microwave dynamic therapy (MDT). The in vitro and in vivo results showed that the combination of MWA and MDT treatment effectively destroyed tumor tissues via microwave irradiation without inducing significant side effects on normal tissues. This study provides a new approach for the combined application of MOFs and microwave ablation, demonstrating excellent potential for future applications.

Clinical practice guidelines for prevention and treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (2023).

Postoperative gastrointestinal disorder (POGD) was a common complication after surgery under anesthesia. Strategies in combination with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine showed some distinct effects but standardized clinical practice guidelines were not available. Thus, a multidisciplinary expert team from various professional bodies including the Perioperative and Anesthesia Professional Committees of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine (CAIM), jointly with Gansu Province Clinical Research Center of Integrative Anesthesiology/Anesthesia and Pain Medical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation/Chinese Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Center/Gansu Provincial Center for Medical Guideline Industry Technology/Evidence-based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, was established to develop evidence-based guidelines. Clinical questions (7 background and 12 clinical questions) were identified through literature reviews and expert consensus meetings. Based on systematic reviews/meta-analyses, evidence quality was analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of interventional measures were weighed with input from patients' preferences. Finally, 20 recommendations were developed through the Delphi-based consensus meetings. These recommendations included disease definitions, etiologies, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, diagnosis, and perioperative prevention and treatment.

Promoting Physical Activity among Working Women: The Influence of Perceived Policy Effectiveness and Health Awareness.

In recent years, patients with chronic diseases have shown a younger trend due to physical inactivity and irregular lifestyles. Accordingly, the Chinese government has implemented the "National Fitness Program", which aims to enhance people's health by popularizing exercise and a healthy lifestyle. However, women are less physically active than men, and how to appeal to women to devote themselves to fitness activities has become a social concern. Based on the expanded theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study explores the impact of the perceived policy effectiveness and health awareness on physical activity among working women. This study adopted a repeated cross-sectional study method, and each respondent was asked to complete a two-stage survey. The structural model of the extended TPB was tested using sample data from 376 working women in Changsha, China. The results show that perceived policy effectiveness and health awareness positively affect actual behavioral control and implementation intention. Among them, perceived policy effectiveness has the most significant impact on implementation intention, followed by health awareness. Furthermore, actual behavioral control and implementation intention mediate the relationship between perceived policy effectiveness/health awareness and physical activity. The findings suggest that to promote physical activity among working women, the Chinese government should deepen the implementation of the "National Fitness Program" and raise the public's health awareness.

Association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with lung cancer: meta-analysis.

Objective: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a virus that is ubiquitous in humans. To investigate the association between EBV infection and lung cancer risk to reveal whether it is involved in the development and development of lung cancer. Although there has been discussion of EBV and lung cancer in the past. Through this study, we hope to deepen our understanding of the causes of lung cancer and provide new clues and targets for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This study is also beneficial to the development of medical science and public health. First of all, the research results are expected to be incorporated into lung cancer prevention and treatment strategies and policies, so as to provide better treatment decisions for lung cancer patients and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients. At the same time, communicating the research results to the public can help raise awareness of lung cancer risk factors. By encouraging healthy lifestyles and screening measures, the public can reduce their risk of lung cancer. In addition, this study also provides an important foundation for subsequent academic research and scientific exploration. It provides valuable information and inspiration for in-depth understanding of lung cancer and other related fields. Overall, this study makes an important contribution to both medical science and public health. Method: By September 26, 2022, an online database was used to conduct a literature search in English. Random effects models were employed to estimate the prevalence of EBV with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI were calculated from case-control studies to determine the association between EBV and lung cancer. Results: In this study of 886 patients with lung cancer, the overall prevalence of EBV infection was found to be 44.36% (95%CI: 4.08-16.9). Fourteen studies were included in the analysis, all of which used a case-control design and involved comparisons of tumors with adjacent or non-adjacent normal and non-cancerous controls. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of EBV infection in lung cancer tissues between China and other regions, with an odds ratio (OR) of 9.36 (95% confidence interval: 4.00-21.94, P<0.001, I²=73.5%). This suggests that the association between EBV infection and lung cancer cases is stronger in China than in other regions. Additionally, the prevalence of EBV infection varied across different pathological types of lung cancer, with rates of 81.08% for pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC),this a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).34.78% for non-small cell lung cancer, and 21.17% for small cell lung cancer. The statistical analysis indicated that EBV infection was most significantly associated with cancer risk in LELC, while non-small cell lung cancer was more strongly associated with EBV than small cell lung cancer. Conclusion: The study found that EBV infection increases the risk of lung cancer by more than four times, and this risk is associated with the pathological type, lymphatic infiltration, and degree of differentiation of the lung cancer, particularly in the rare subtype of pulmonary lymphoepithelioma in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Additionally, there are racial and regional differences in the correlation between EBV-infected lung cancer, with the Asian population showing greater susceptibility. The study used normal or abnormal tissue adjacent to the tumor as a control, which is considered a more accurate method for determining the relationship between EBV infection and lung cancer.

Keep Moving to Retain the Healthy Self: The Influence of Physical Exercise in Health Anxiety among Chinese Menopausal Women.

Menopause is a period of high incidence of chronic diseases. Women experience various physical and psychological discomforts during menopause, and hormonal changes exacerbate mood swings in menopausal women and also cause them to begin to experience excessive worry and anxiety about their health problems. This study was a cross-sectional survey investigating the relationship between physical activity and women's health anxiety. Using cluster sampling, a valid sample of 455 females aged 45-50 was collected from 78 communities in five municipal districts in Changsha, China, and AMOS v.23 was adopted to construct a structural equation model to verify the hypotheses. The results indicate that interpersonal competence and emotional intelligence are negatively associated with health anxiety. Furthermore, interpersonal competence and emotional intelligence mediate the relationship between physical exercise and health anxiety, which means that menopausal women with more physical exercise, higher interpersonal competence, and higher emotional intelligence reported lower health anxiety. Finally, to alleviate menopausal women's health anxiety and reduce their risk of chronic diseases, the government, community, and family should create conditions and opportunities for women to participate in group physical activities.

Investigating Links between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Self-Rated Health Status in Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Intelligence and Psychosocial Stress.

Adolescence represents a crucial phase, characterized by rapid physical and mental development and numerous challenges. Physical activity plays a vital role in the mental well-being of adolescents; however, due to the prevailing educational philosophy prioritizing academic performance, adolescent participation in physical activities has yet to reach its full potential. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on adolescents' emotional intelligence, psychosocial stress, and self-rated health status. To achieve this objective, a cluster sampling method was employed to collect data from 600 adolescents in 10 schools across five municipal districts of Changsha, China. A total of 426 valid questionnaires were returned and analyzed. Utilizing AMOS v.23, a structural equation model was constructed to validate the hypotheses. The findings reveal that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly impacts adolescents' emotional intelligence and self-rated health status. Conversely, it exerts a significant negative influence on their psychosocial stress. Moreover, emotional intelligence and psychosocial stress mediate the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and self-rated health status. In light of these results, education departments, schools, and families must embrace a paradigm shift in educational philosophies and provide robust support for adolescents to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities.

[Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation at different times assisted general anesthesia on stress response of patients undergoing open posterior lumbar surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at different times on the stress response during anesthesia and operation in the patients undergoing open posterior lumbar surgery. METHODS: A total of 94 patients undergoing open posterior lumbar surgery were randomly assigned to preoperative TEAS group(32 cases), intraoperative TEAS group(31 cases) and sham-TEAS group(31 cases). The same anesthetic method was used in the patients of 3 groups. Four electrodes were attached to the bilateral Hegu (LI4) and Neiguan (PC6) and connected to the electronic acupuncture instrument when patients entered the operation room. In the preoperative TEAS group, the patients received TEAS (10 to 20 mA) for 30 min before the anesthetic induction. TEAS (15 mA) was provided immediately when the operation starts till the end of ope-ration for the patients of the intraoperative TEAS group. In the sham-TEAS group, the electronic acupuncture instrument was switched on during the whole procedure of operation, but no electric current was output. Separately, at the moment of entering the operation room (T0), before endotracheal intubation (T1), at the time of endotracheal intubation (T2), 10 min after skin resection (T3), at the end of surgery (T4), recovery from anesthesia (T5) and at the time of extubation (T6), the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded. Using ELISA, the concentrations of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), cortisol (Cor) in serum were assayed at T0, T3, and T4; and blood glucose was tested with blood sugar paper at the same time points. RESULTS: Compared with T0 of the same group, HR was increased at T2 and decreased at T3 of the patients in the sham-TEAS group and the intraoperative TEAS group (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-TEAS group at the same time points, HR was decreased at T2 and increased at T3 of the patients in the preoperative TEAS group (P<0.05), and it was decreased at T6 of patients in the intraoperation TEAS group (P<0.05). HR was reduced at T2 in the preoperative TEAS group when compared with the intraoperative TEAS group. Compared with T0 of the same group, MAP was elevated at T2 and reduced at T3 and T4 in the sham-TEAS group (P<0.05); it decreased at T3, T4 and T5 in the preoperative TEAS group (P<0.05); it rose at T2 and was reduced at T3, T4 and T5 in the intraoperative TEAS group (P<0.05). When compared with the sham-TEAS group at the same time points, MAP decreased at T2 in the preoperative TEAS group (P<0.05), and at T6 in the intraoperative TEAS group (P<0.05). MAP was reduced at T2 and elevated at T6 in the preoperative TEAS group in comparison with the intraoperative TEAS group (P<0.05) at the same time points. Compared with T0 of the same group, the contents of E was increased at T3 in the sham-TEAS group and the intraoperative TEAS group (P<0.05); it was increased in all of the three groups at T4 (P<0.05); the contents of NE, DA, Cor and the blood glucose were increased at T4 in the sham-TEAS group (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-TEAS group at the same time points, the contents of E, DA at T3 and T4 and Cor at T3 in serum of the preoperative TEAS group were decreased (P<0.05); and the contents of E, NE, DA and Cor at T4 in the intraoperative TEAS group were decreased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: TEAS-assisted general anesthesia can better maintain the stability of HR and MAP during anesthesia and operation in patients undergoing open posterior lumbar surgery, and reduce surgical stress response.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Homophyllia bowerbanki (Scleractinia, Lobophylliidae): The First Sequence for the Genus Homophyllia.

Reef-building coral species of the order Scleractinia play an important role in shallow tropical seas by providing an environmental base for the ecosystem. The molecular data of complete mitochondrial genome have become an important source for evaluating phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Scleractinia. Here, the complete mitogenome of Homophyllia bowerbanki (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1857), collected from Nansha Islands of the South China Sea, was sequenced for the first time through a next-generation sequencing method. H. bowerbanki is the first species of its genus for which the mitogenome was sequenced. This mitogenome was 18,154 bp in size and included two transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). It showed a similar gene structure and gene order to the other typical scleractinians. All 17 genes were encoded on the H strand and the total GC content was 33.86% in mitogenome. Phylogenetic analysis (maximum likelihood tree method) showed that H. bowerbanki belonged to the "Robust" clade and clustered together with other two species in the family Lobophylliidae based on 13 PCGs. The mitogenome can provide significant molecular information to clarify the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships between stony corals and to facilitate their taxonomic classification; it can also support coral species monitoring and conservation efforts.