Diacylglycerol oil ingestion in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

OBJECTIVE: Coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease frequently develops in patients with diabetes. Decreases in [corrected] serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [corrected] concentration and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia, are associated with the onset of atherosclerosis. We recently reported that hypertriglyceridemia was significantly improved in patients with type 2 diabetes who ingested diacylglycerol (DAG) oil. The effect on variables, including LDL particle size related to lipid metabolism, however, was not examined. The present study investigated the effects on these variables in more detail. METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 24) were assigned to receive DAG oil or triacylglycerol oil, and a 3-mo, single-blind, controlled study was performed. Patients replaced cooking oil in their daily diet with DAG or triacylglycerol oil, and anthropometry and blood sampling were performed at monthly intervals. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in calorie intake or amount of test oil ingested between groups. Waist circumference and serum triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly lower and serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein-AI were significantly higher in the DAG oil group than in the triacylglycerol oil group. Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations were significantly lower in the DAG oil group. LDL particle size tended to increase in the DAG oil group and was significantly larger in patients who had a small initial LDL particle size (<25.5 nm). There were no significant differences in variables related to glucose metabolism or in serum concentration of free fatty acids or total ketone bodies. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that DAG oil may be useful for patients who have type 2 diabetes in the management of obesity and lipid abnormalities.

Effects of diacylglycerol administration on serum triacylglycerol in a patient homozygous for complete lipoprotein lipase deletion.

We investigated postprandial and long-term effects of dietary diacylglycerol (DAG) on serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in a 34-year-old man homozygous for complete lipoprotein lipase deletion (LPL deletion). In study 1, Three different oils (DAG, TAG, or medium-chain fatty acid TAG [MCT]) were ingested to examine differences in the postprandial serum TAG response. Postprandial serum TAG levels after DAG oil ingestion were lower than those after TAG oil ingestion and similar to those after MCT oil ingestion. In study 2, the patient was allowed to ingest ordinary cooking oil for 2 months and then DAG oil (containing 80% DAG; target, 20 g/d) for the next 3 months. During the test period, serum TAG levels were measured and dietary evaluations were performed every month. The patient was provided with dietary instruction and consultation at each clinical visit. Serum TAG levels were 1939 to 2525 mg/dL when he used ordinary cooking oil, 1926 to 1173 mg/dL when he used ordinary cooking oil together with DAG oil, and 749 mg/dL when he used DAG oil alone. The TAG intake decreased from 86.9 to 43.0 g and the DAG intake increased from 0.9 to 12.4 g during the study period. Subsequently, 45 g DAG oil (equivalent to 36 g DAG) per day was consumed, and the serum TAG level increased to 2195 mg/dL. Although there was a positive correlation between the TAG intake and serum TAG levels during the period of DAG oil use (P < .01, y = 33.7x - 583.1), there was no such correlation between DAG oil intake and serum TAG levels. These results suggested that substitution of 12.0 g/d DAG (equivalent to 15 g DAG oil) for TAG oil had the same effect as reducing TAG oil consumption for controlling the serum TAG levels in an LPL-depleted patient with hypertriglyceridemia. In conclusion, the results of study 1 and study 2 demonstrate that DAG oil might be replaced by MCT oil as cooking oil for those with LPL deletion.

Microbial scission of sulfide linkages in vulcanized natural rubber by a white rot basidiomycete, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora.

A white rot basidiomycete, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, degraded vulcanized natural rubber (NR) sheets on a wood medium. The fungus decreased the total sulfur content of the rubber by 29% in 200 days, accompanied by the cleavage of sulfide bonds between polyisoprene chains. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that C. subvermispora reduced the frequency of S-C bonds by 69% with a concomitant formation of S-O bonds during the culture period. Dipolar decoupling/magic angle spinning (DD/MAS) solid state 13C NMR revealed that the fungus preferentially decomposed monosulfide bonds linked to a cis- and trans-1,4-isoprene backbone but the cleavage of polysulfide bonds was also observed. In contrast, no decrease in weight or devulcanization of rubber was observed in cultures of a white rot fungus, Dichomitus squalens. The oxidative cleavage of sulfide bonds by C. subvermispora demonstrates that ligninolytic basidiomycetes are potential microbes for the biological devulcanization of rubber products.