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Based on the sampling survey data of 11 164 medical researchers in China, this paper analyzed the understanding, attitude and compliance of medical researchers on scientific research ethics in China. The survey found that although most medical researchers claim to have more understanding of scientific research ethics, the level of understanding of scientific research ethics is not optimistic; the channels to scientific research ethics knowledge are diversified, but the standardized training channels are insufficient; most researchers held the positive attitude toward following the ethical norms, but those male, youth under 35, with senior professional titles, or from northeast China held negative attitude relatively; more than half of the researchers claimed that the supervision of research ethics in China was basically in place, but some people said that the violation of scientific research ethics was common, and some researchers reported that there was a phenomenon of "direct seal consent and reply" in ethical review. Compared with medical institutions, enterprises and universities are the weak links of scientific research ethics training, education and review. Based on the above actuality, it puts forward policy suggestions to strengthen the scientific research ethics training and ethics review requirements.
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The cognition and attitude of scientific research ethics consciousness affect the willingness and degree of individual researchers to follow research ethics norms. This study investigated the awareness, access and training needs of Chinese medical researchers (n=11 164) on the knowledge of scientific research ethics. The survey found that more than 50.0% of people were aware of the "golden rice incident" and "skull transplantation"; 80.0% of people were knew of Operational Quideline for the Ethic Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subject; 90.0% said that "respecting people" and "not harming" were the basic ethical principles, but 42.8% and 75.1% chose "beneficial" and "fair" respectively; more than 60.0% of people have acquired scientific research ethics knowledge through "self-study", "special training organized by units" or "words and deeds taught by mentors or colleagues", but still 30.0% have not participated in scientific research ethics lectures in recent three years; In terms of training needs, more than 50.0% chose "ethical norms for research and application", followed by "frontier ethical issues" (41.0%) and "ethical review" (36.7%). Based on this, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the content and form of scientific research ethics education and training in China.
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In order to improve the effectiveness of private class inquiry with the development of information teaching, the smart teaching platform has been established, with instructional management, curriculum setting, teacher preparation, classroom application, supervision and monitoring modules. Taking the platform as the medium, the small class inquiry learning community of entity curriculum is constructed between students and the teachers. In the eight-year medical teaching, the content of learning cycle is designed according to the entity curriculum, which is issued on cloud platform before class, in class and after class. Students learn basic concepts by themselves in the learning community, explore the application of knowledge under the guidance of teachers, and expand knowledge in class or after class. After having test in teaching procedure, the small class learning community based on smart teaching cloud platform has a submission rate, interaction rate and score rate of more than 90%. It can not only make full use of the advantages of information-based teaching resources, but also build face-to-face learning community in the course teaching, reflecting the emotional interaction of personalized teaching. It's suggested that new approaches to teaching should be student-centered and activity-based, engaging students actively in the learning process, which can promote students' autonomous learning ability and innovative thinking ability.
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Based on the sampling survey data of 11 164 medical researchers in China, this paper analyzed the understanding, attitude and compliance of medical researchers on scientific research ethics in China. The survey found that although most medical researchers claim to have more understanding of scientific research ethics, the level of understanding of scientific research ethics is not optimistic; the channels to scientific research ethics knowledge are diversified, but the standardized training channels are insufficient; most researchers held the positive attitude toward following the ethical norms, but those male, youth under 35, with senior professional titles, or from northeast China held negative attitude relatively; more than half of the researchers claimed that the supervision of research ethics in China was basically in place, but some people said that the violation of scientific research ethics was common, and some researchers reported that there was a phenomenon of "direct seal consent and reply" in ethical review. Compared with medical institutions, enterprises and universities are the weak links of scientific research ethics training, education and review. Based on the above actuality, it puts forward policy suggestions to strengthen the scientific research ethics training and ethics review requirements.
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The cognition and attitude of scientific research ethics consciousness affect the willingness and degree of individual researchers to follow research ethics norms. This study investigated the awareness, access and training needs of Chinese medical researchers (n=11 164) on the knowledge of scientific research ethics. The survey found that more than 50.0% of people were aware of the "golden rice incident" and "skull transplantation"; 80.0% of people were knew of Operational Quideline for the Ethic Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subject; 90.0% said that "respecting people" and "not harming" were the basic ethical principles, but 42.8% and 75.1% chose "beneficial" and "fair" respectively; more than 60.0% of people have acquired scientific research ethics knowledge through "self-study", "special training organized by units" or "words and deeds taught by mentors or colleagues", but still 30.0% have not participated in scientific research ethics lectures in recent three years; In terms of training needs, more than 50.0% chose "ethical norms for research and application", followed by "frontier ethical issues" (41.0%) and "ethical review" (36.7%). Based on this, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the content and form of scientific research ethics education and training in China.
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Objective:To investigate the application value of baseline MRI multi-parametric imaging radiomics in prediction of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCR) efficacy of rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (RMAC).Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2012 to October 2018. A total of 79 patients were included in this study, including 52 males and 27 females, aged 20-78 years (median age 52 years). According to the classification criteria of pathological regression, all patients were divided into NCR responsiveness group ( n=31) and nonresponsiveness group ( n=48). And 701 imaging features of T 2WI, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and enhanced T 1WI images of baseline MRI were extracted, and feature subsets were selected by repeatability analysis and feature dimensionality reduction to construct the radiomics prediction model. The tumor features from baseline MRI between the NCR responsiveness group and the nonresponsiveness group were compared, and the features of P<0.05 were combined with the radiomics to construct a model. Using pathology as the gold standard, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the prediction model, and the area under the curve (AUC), 95% confidence interval, sensitivity and specificity were calculated, and the DeLong test was used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of different prediction models. Results:By comparing the conventional tumor imaging characteristics of the NCR responsiveness group and the nonresponsiveness group, the differences in lymph node stage and mucinous nodule status between the two groups were statistically significant (χ2 =6.040, 5.870, P<0.05). The AUC of ROC curves based on T 2WI, DWI, and enhanced T 1WI radiomics were 0.816, 0.821, and 0.819, respectively, which were higher than those of conventional tumor characteristics (lymph node staging, mucinous nodule status) (AUC=0.607), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.391, -2.580 and -2.717, P<0.05). Among the joint prediction models of T 2WI, DWI and contrast-enhanced T 1WI radiomics and conventional tumor features, the DWI combined model had the largest AUC (0.843), and there was no statistically significant difference between the three combined models (all P>0.05). Conclusion:The baseline T 2WI, DWI, and contrast-enhanced T 1WI radiomics model can be used to predict the NCR efficacy of RMAC, which is better than the predictive efficacy of conventional features, and the combination with conventional features can further improve the predictive efficacy.
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BACKGROUND@#More patients with pulmonary nodules are being referred to thoracic surgeons under the increasing use of computed tomography scans (CT). Impalpable peripheral subpleural solitary pulmonary nodules are difficult to be localized by video assisted thoracic surgery. Although some common techniques including CT-guided puncture positioning and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)-guided methylene blue staining positioning, can bring good results in positioning, there are still some complications such as pneumothorax, hemorrhage and inaccurate positioning. Vectorial localization guided by electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy followed by thoracoscopic resection is a novel alternative technique by us firstly for definitive diagnosis, which can avoid the possible injury of pleural or enlargement of the location area, providing some guidance for ENB-guided location technology. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and our initial experience of vectorial localization guided by electromagnetic navigation followed by video-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary solitary nodules resection.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed 22 cases who undergoing vectorial localization of peripheral pulmonary lesion guided by electromagnetic navigation prior to video assisted lung resection, and characteristics and intraoperative outcomes were explored.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-two nodules of twenty-two patients were all localized by this method successfully with an average location time (17.5±4.2) min. The average nodule size was (11.0±3.6) mm. The distance between the locatable guide probe (LG) and lesion on the electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy screen was (14.5±10.1) mm. The distance between the lesion and probe mark on the dissected specimen was (15.3±11.0) mm. There was no displacement of any case. No conversion to thoracotomy was found. And there were no adverse events during the localization and operation procedure. Length of hospital stay was (3.8±1.2) d and the operative mortality was 0.0%. Malignant lesions were found in 19 patients and they were all completely resected with negative microscopic margins.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our initial experience with vectorial localization of peripheral pulmonary lesion guided by electromagnetic navigation and minimally invasive resection proved that this technique was an alternative accurate and safe way for small pulmonary nodules. Thoracic surgeons should further investigate this method and apply it to clinical practice.
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BACKGROUND@#In clinical Ia (cT1N0M0) patients, some may have poor prognosis, for it might occur pathologic N1 (pN1) or N2 (pN2) postoperatively. The aim of this study is to determine the radiologicaland pathological factors related to clinical Ia adenocarcinoma.@*METHODS@#The retrospective study was conducted on 297 clinical Ia adenocarcinoma patients resected at our hospital between May 2012 to December 2016. The clinical profiles, radiological and pathological features were analyzed between nodal upstaging group and non-upstaging group.@*RESULTS@#Of 297 patients treated for cN0 tumors, 250 cases (84.2%) were confirmed postoperatively as having pN0 tumors, and 47 (15.8%) were confirmed as having pN1 or pN2 tumors. Female, low smoking index, micropapillary predominant and solid predominant adenocarcinoma, puresolid tumor and large tumor size were all more frequently seen in the nodal upstaging group than in the pN0 group (P<0.05). Logistic regression indicate that radiological solid tumor, micropapillary predominant and solid predominant adenocarcinoma and vessel invasionare the risk factors of nodal upstaging in clinical Ia adenocarcinoma.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Radiological solid tumors, micropapillary predominant and solid predominant adenocarcinoma andvessel invasion are risk factors for nodal upstaging for early stage lung cancer. Radiological solid tumors should perform SLND in Ia adenocarcinomas.
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adenocarcinoma , Diagnóstico , Patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Diagnóstico , Patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
AIM:To explore the preliminary mechanism of senegenin ( Sen) on inhibiting hypoxia/reoxygenation ( H/R)-induced apoptosis of primary cortical neurons .METHODS:The cultured cortical neurons were randomly divided in-to normal group (control group), model group (H/R group), Sen+H/R group and Sen group.Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of Sen on H/R-induced cell apoptosis .The protein levels of JNK , p-JNK, c-Jun, p-c-Jun, Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed by Western blotting .RESULTS:The apoptotic rate in H/R group was obviously higher than that in control group (P<0.05), while the apoptotic rate in Sen +H/R group was obviously lower than that in H/R group (P<0.05), suggesting that the model of apoptosis was established successfully .The results of Western blotting showed that Sen increased the expression of JNK and c-Jun, inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun (P<0.05), increased the protein level of Bcl-2 and inhibited the protein level of Bax in H/R treated primary cortical neurons (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Sen has a protective effect against H/R-induced neuronal apoptosis by increasing the expression of JNK and c-Jun, inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun, increasing the protein level of Bcl-2 and decreasing the protein level of Bax .
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Objective To explore 18F-FDG PET-CT in the detection of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.Methods 39 patients with gastrointestinal tumors who was diagnosed with operation,pathological examination,clinical and imaging follow-up undertake the whole-body 18F-FDG PET-CT.Results The sensitivity and specificity were both 100.0 ％ for primary malignant tumors.Gastric metastases sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 80.0 ％ (4/5),90.9 ％ (10/11),87.5 ％ (14/16),and the colorectal metastases sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of diagnostic results were 88.9 ％ (8/9),92.9 ％ (13/14),91.3 ％ (21/23).The gastric cancer lymph node metastasis sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 50.0 ％ (3/6),90.0 ％ (9/10),75.0 ％ (12/16),in the diagnosis of colorectal local lymph node metastasis the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 71.4 ％ (5/7),93.8 ％ (15/16),87.0 ％ (20/23).Conclusion The 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging for gastrointestinal malignant tumor diagnosis and residual lesions recurrence or lesions metastases of detection is of important value and better than traditional examination methods.
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Objective To investigate the clinical outcome before and immediately after implementation of fast track surgery protocol on patients with gastric cancer.Methods One hundred and thirty patients with gastric cancer in our hospital underwent an elective,uncomplicated,open gastric surgery before (Traditional care group,n =65) and immediately after implementing fast track surgery (Fast track surgery group,n =65).Postoperative food and fluid intake,mobilization,length of hospital stay,and clinical outcome were recorded and analysed,and a interview-based assessment was performed on days 14 and 30 postoperatively.Results Patients implemented fast track surgery were associated with a significantly earlier resumption of mobilization and oral fluids and normal diet,shorter duration of intravenous infusion compared with traditional care patients 0.3 (0-1) d vs 3.3 (2-4) d,0.2(0-1) d vs 3.5(3-4) d,3.3(3-4) d vs 5.6(5-6) d,3.4(3-4) d vs 5.2(5-6) d; P=0.000,respectively.Postoperative hospital stay was also shorter in fast track surgery group 6.6 (6-8) d vs 8.6 (8-9) d ; P =0.000.Instrumental activities of daily living decreased in both groups on day 14,but significantly more in the traditional care group,despite having a higher preoperative instrumental activities of daily living level compared with the fast track surgery group 5.0 (3-6) vs 3.0 (3-5),4.0 (3-6) vs 3.0 (3-5) ; P =0.000,respectively.Preoperative fatigue score was not different between two groups,but the fatigue score was significantly increased on day 14,and returned to normal value on day 30 in the traditional care group 2.0 (1-5) vs 3.0 (1-5),2.0(1-5) vs 2.0(1-6) ; P =0.005,P =0.065.Total length of sleep on day 14 was increased significantly in the traditional care group,but not changed in the fast track surgery group compared with preoperative value 9.0 (6-11) vs 8.0(5-10) h,8.0(5-11) vs 8.0(6-10) h; P=0.000,P=0.327.Conclusions A fast track surgery protocol can lessen postoperative stress reactions and enhance recovery for patients with gastric cancer undergoing an elective,uncomplicated,open resection.
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ObjectiveToevaluatelaparoscopiccholecystectomy(LC)versusopen cholecystectomy (OC) in compensated cirrhotics and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP)classification in predicting perioperative morbidity.MethodsBetween January 1998 and June 2011,128 cirrhotic patients of symptomatic innocuous gallbladder disease at CPT class A or B liver function were prospectively and randomly divided into LC group (64 patients) and OC group (64 patients ). Data were analyzed by T test, Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson x2 test.ResultsThere was no statistical differences in operation time between the two groups ( t =1.761,P =0.081 ).The intraoperative blood loss ＞ 200 ml occurred in 15 ( 26％ ) LC patients and 35 ( 55％ ) OC patients ( x2 =4.467,P =0.035 ).LC patients had earlier up and about,earlier oral intake,short hospital stay ( t =5.424,t =8.573,t =15.634; P =0.000,respectively) and lower complication rate [ CTP:24％ (14/58) vs 38％ (24/64),x2 =4.582,P =0.032; MELD scores 21％ (12/58) vs 34％ (22/64),x2 =4.238,P =0.040] compared with OC patients.LC patients' VAS- fatigue and VAS-pain scores on first 3 days were lower than OC according to the VAS (visual analogue scale) (Mann-Whitney U =473.0,MannWhitney =6.0,Mann-Whitney =22.5,Mann-Whitney =24.0,Mann-Whitney =46.0; P =0.000,respectively),and the VRS-cosmetic score was higher in LC group than in the OC group according to the VRS ( verbal rating scale) ( Mann-Whitney =145.0,P =0.000).MELD score ＞ 14 predicted higher blood loss and complication rate regardless of LC or OC,while CPT classification did not seem to predict intraoperative bleeding volume and morbidity.ConclusionsLC can be performed safely in cirrhotic patients with CPT class A and B.LC has less,blood loss lower postoperative complication rate,and quicker postoperative recovery.MELD score system is more valuable than CPT classification system in predicting blood loss and postoperative complication rate in cirrhotics undergoing cholecystectomy.
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Objective To provide therapeutic strategy by investigating the anxiety and depression status as well as the correlated impact factors in patients with chronic prostatitis. Methods The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS)and self-rating depression scale (SDS)were employed to evaluate psychological response of 360 patients with chronic prostatitis. Results Both the average scores of SAS and SDS in patients with chronic prostatitis were higher than normal levels of Chinese population. The impact factors for anxiety included income status, educational level and disease course. Conclusions The mental health status of chronic prostatitis patients is poor and certain factors affect the occurrence of anxiety and depression. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the patients with supportive psychotherapeutic intervention and with combined approaches.
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Objective To investigate the effects of ATP, suramin, ivermectin (IVM) and low pH value on pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Methods Pyramidal cells were rapidly dissociated from the hippocampus of 7-day postnatal rats by mechanical and enzymatic methods. Effects of ATP, suramin, IVM and low pH value on P2X receptor of neurons were studied by the technique of whole cell patch clamp. Results The transmembrane current was affected by ATP and suramin. There were different effects of IVM and low pH value on ATP induced current on different neurons. Conclusion There is extensive expression of P2X receptor on hippocampus pyramidal cells of rats. The expression of P2X receptors subunits are different among neurons.
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Objective To observe the expression and phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1 subunit in rat cortex and hippocampus under high altitude hypoxia. Methods The adult SD rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia imitating 5 500-meter high altitude for 8 h daily for 3, 7, 14, 21 d. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were used to detect the expression and phosphorylation of NR1 in rat cortex and hippocampus. Results Both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed NR1 expression in rat cortex and hippocampus was increased under hypoxia in a time-dependent manner. The tyrosine phosphorylation of hypoxia groups was increased, and reached the peak on day 14 after hypoxia, then decreased, still higher than that of control groups till day 21 (P
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Objective To investigate the expression of P2X receptors in CA1 subfield of rat hippocampus and the effect of hypoxia on the expression. Methods We set up the hypoxia animal model of high altitude and observed the expression of P2X receptors by using immunohistochemical staining before and after hypoxia. Results Immunohistochemistry showed that there were several sub-type of P2X receptors expressed in hippocampus CA1 neurons. After long term hypoxia, the expression of these receptors was increased. Conclusion there were abundant of P2X receptors expressed on the hippocampus CA1 neurons. Hypoxia affects the expression P2X receptors.