An Experimental Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Buried RC Pipes Induced by Falling Impact.

Unexpected ground impacts can seriously affect the stability and operational safety of buried pipelines. In this paper, a full-scale modeling test of the dynamic response of a buried concrete pipeline under falling rock impact based on dynamic sensor testing was conducted. A commercially available reinforced concrete pipeline, buried in a clayey soil site, was used, and a 50 kg concrete ball was used to investigate the impact above the pipeline. Considering the purpose of the test, the falling process of the concrete ball and the surface vibration velocity induced by the touchdown of the concrete ball were monitored using a high-speed camera and a vibration signal tester, respectively. The dynamic response signals of the pipe under surface impact were tested using strain gauges and earth pressure gauges combined with dynamic sensors such as dynamic signal tester, and the dynamic response law was analyzed. The experimental results will provide a basis for the design of the impact resistance of reinforced concrete pipes.

Monitoring and Analysis of the Collapse Process in Blasting Demolition of Tall Reinforced Concrete Chimneys.

Aiming at the problem of displacement of collapse direction caused by the impact of the high-rise reinforced concrete chimney in the process of blasting demolition, combined with the monitoring methods such as high-speed photography observation, piezoelectric ceramic sensor, and blasting vibration monitor, the impact process of the 180 m high chimney was comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the chimney will experience multiple 'weight loss' and 'overweight' effects during the sit-down process, inducing compressive stress waves in the chimney. When the sit-down displacement is large, the broken reinforced concrete at the bottom can play a significant buffering effect, and the 'overweight' effect gradually weakens until the sit-down stops. The stress of the inner and outer sides of the chimney wall is obviously different in the process of collapsing and touching the ground. The waveform of the monitoring point of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is divided into three stages, which specifically characterizes the evolution process of the explosion load and the impact of the chimney. The vibration induced by explosive explosion is mainly high-frequency vibration above 50 Hz, the vibration induced by chimney collapse is mainly low-frequency vibration below 10 Hz, and the vibration characteristics are obviously different. In the process of blasting demolition and collapse of high-rise reinforced concrete chimney, due to the impact of sitting down, the wall of the support tube is subjected to uneven force, resulting in the deviation of the collapse direction. In practical engineering, the control measures of chimney impact, blasting vibration, and collapse touchdown vibration should be fully strengthened to ensure the safety of the protection target around the blasting demolition object.

Cryogel-Templated Fabrication of n-Al/PVDF Superhydrophobic Energetic Films with Exceptional Underwater Ignition Performance.

The rapid heat loss and corrosion of nano-aluminum limits the energy performance of metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) in aquatic conditions. In this work, superhydrophobic n-Al/PVDF films were fabricated by the cryogel-templated method. The underwater ignition performance of the energetic films was investigated. The preparation process of energetic materials is relatively simple, and avoids excessively high temperatures, ensuring the safety of the entire experimental process. The surface of the n-Al/PVDF energetic film exhibits super-hydrophobicity. Because the aluminum nanoparticles are uniformly encased in the hydrophobic energetic binder, the film is more waterproof and anti-aging. Laser-induced underwater ignition experiments show that the superhydrophobic modification can effectively induce the ignition of energetic films underwater. The results suggest that the cryogel-templated method provides a feasible route for underwater applications of energetic materials, especially nanoenergetics-on-a-chip in underwater micro-scale energy-demanding systems.

Determination of Blasting Vibration Safety Criterion for HDPE Pipeline Using Vibration and Strain Data in a Coastal Metro Line.

A key aspect of urban blasting engineering is evaluating the safety of the blasting dynamic load on the adjacent high-density polyethylene water supply pipeline and controlling the negative impact of the blasting vibration load on the pipeline. According to the special characteristics of the soil layer in Shenzhen coastal city, a field blasting test of a full-scale pre-buried HDPE pipeline was carried out, and the distribution characteristics of the blasting vibration velocity and dynamic strain were analyzed. The finite element model was established by LSDYNA, and the reliability of the calculation model and parameters was verified by comparing with the field test data. At the same time, the dynamic response characteristics of pipelines with different buried depths, operating water conveyance pressures, and diameters under blasting vibration loads were studied. Combined with the circumferential allowable stress control criterion of the pipeline, the safety control standard of the blasting vibration velocity of the HDPE water supply pipeline under different working conditions was proposed. The results show that the circumferential compressive strain of the HDPE pipe is the most affected by blasting vibration, and the pipe with the shortest blasting center distance has the largest response. The vibration velocity and equivalent stress of the pipeline increase with the increase of buried depth, internal pressure, and diameter. The vibration velocity and equivalent stress of the explosion side at the same section of the pipeline are greater than those of the back explosion side. Based on the dimensionless analysis, the vibration velocity prediction model of the buried depth, operating pressure, and diameter of the pipeline is proposed. The safety control velocity of the pipeline is 25 cm/s, and the vibration velocity of the upper surface is 22.5 cm/s according to the Mises yield strength criterion.

Field test and numerical research on explosion crater in calcareous sand.

The explosion in foundation poses a significant threat to people and buildings. Currently, a unified empirical prediction formula for crater in calcareous foundation has not been established. In this paper, analyzed the types and sizes of explosion crater with different scaled burial depths through field tests and numerical simulation. In field tests, revealed the influence of scaled burial depth on the type and size of explosion crater and obtained the critical scaled burial depth for three different types of explosion craters, namely ejecta-type crater, collapse-type crater and covert explosion. Through the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic-Finite Element Method (SPH-FEM) coupling algorithm, studied the movement trajectory of sand particles around the explosive at the moment of explosion in detail. Based on the field tests and numerical simulation results, it was found that calcareous sand has a smaller specific gravity due to its own characteristics, and the size of the explosion crater is larger than that of quartz sand at the same scaled burial depth. Obtained an empirical formula for crater in calcareous sand. Which can quickly predict the size of explosion crater and provide calculation basis for explosion resistant design in calcareous sand foundations.

Improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and composite multiscale permutation entropy for denoising blast vibration signal.

Monitoring the building blast vibration signal is an efficient way to determine the power of blast vibration hazards. Due to the harsh measurement environment, noise is inevitably introduced into the recorded signals. This research presents a denoising approach based on Improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(ICEEMDAN) and Composite Multiscale Permutation Entropy (CMPE). First, the noisy blast vibration signal is decomposed into different intrinsic mode functions using ICEEMDAN; then multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are separated into pure and noisy using CMPE, the noisy IMFs are denoised using wavelet thresholding; finally the blast wave is reconstructed using the pure and denoised mixed IMFs. The proposed approach was compared with four other approaches (CEEMDAN-CMPE, VMD-CMPE, SVMD-CMPE, and WST). The results indicate that the proposed approach has better performance and can be considered as an effective denoising method for building blast vibration signals.

Theoretical study on structural and mechanical properties of Si-containing ternary transition metal nitrides M0.5Si0.5N (M = Ti, Zr, Hf).

Si-containing transition-metal nitrides Ti0.5Si0.5N, Zr0.5Si0.5N and Hf0.5Si0.5N with conventional rock salt B1 structure exhibit superior hardness, strength and oxidation resistance. However, the potential phases of the ternary systems at various pressures remain unexplored. In this work, we firstly studied the potential structures of Ti0.5Si0.5N, Zr0.5Si0.5N and Hf0.5Si0.5N in pressures of 0-100 GPa. A hexagonal phase with P63/mmc symmetry was uncovered and verified to be quenchable in the ambient conditions. The structural, mechanical and electronic properties were systematically studied and compared with the well-known ordered B1 structure. We surprisingly found that Ti0.5Si0.5N within this hexagonal phase displayed much improved ideal indentation shear strength from about 10 GPa for a B1 structure to 30 GPa. The estimated hardness based on the empirical formula is up to 38 GPa, greatly exceeding that of the B1 structure. By the detailed electronic analysis, the underlying atomic mechanism for the outstanding mechanical properties was also studied.

Testing and Analysis of Ultra-High Toughness Cementitious Composite-Confined Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Axial Compression Loading.

In order to analyze the axial compressive properties of ultra-high-toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC)-confined recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), a batch of UHTCC-confined RAC components was designed and manufactured according to the requirements of GB/T50081-2002 specifications. After analyzing the surface failure phenomenon, load-displacement curves, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and parameter analysis of the specimen, the result shows that UHTCC-confined RAC is an effective confinement method, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties and control the degree of surface failure of RAC structures. Compared with the unconfined specimen, the maximum peak load of the UHTCC confinement layer with a thickness of 10 mm and 20 mm increased by 44.61% and 79.27%, respectively, meeting the requirements of engineering practice. Different fiber mixing amounts have different effects on improving the mechanical performance of RAC structural. The specific rule was steel fiber (SF) > polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVAF) > polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PEF) > no fiber mixture, and the SF improves the axial compression properties of UHTCC most significantly. When there are strict requirements for improving the mechanical properties of the structure, SF should be added to UHTCC. On the contrary, PVAF should be added to UHTCC.