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1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 109(9): 3469-74, 2012 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22331877

RESUMO

The widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance among human pathogens is a major public health problem. Conventional antibiotics typically target bacterial killing or growth inhibition, resulting in strong selection for the development of antibiotic resistance. Alternative therapeutic approaches targeting microbial pathogenicity without inhibiting growth might minimize selection for resistant organisms. Compounds inhibiting gene expression of streptokinase (SK), a critical group A streptococcal (GAS) virulence factor, were identified through a high-throughput, growth-based screen on a library of 55,000 small molecules. The lead compound [Center for Chemical Genomics 2979 (CCG-2979)] and an analog (CCG-102487) were confirmed to also inhibit the production of active SK protein. Microarray analysis of GAS grown in the presence of CCG-102487 showed down-regulation of a number of important virulence factors in addition to SK, suggesting disruption of a general virulence gene regulatory network. CCG-2979 and CCG-102487 both enhanced granulocyte phagocytosis and killing of GAS in an in vitro assay, and CCG-2979 also protected mice from GAS-induced mortality in vivo. These data suggest that the class of compounds represented by CCG-2979 may be of therapeutic value for the treatment of GAS and potentially other gram-positive infections in humans.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinazolinas/uso terapêutico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Streptococcus pyogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Estreptoquinase/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Depressão Química , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Especificidade de Hospedeiro/genética , Humanos , Resistência a Canamicina/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Estrutura Molecular , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasminogênio/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Quinazolinas/isolamento & purificação , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas , Streptococcus pyogenes/enzimologia , Streptococcus pyogenes/genética , Streptococcus pyogenes/patogenicidade , Estreptoquinase/biossíntese , Estreptoquinase/genética , Virulência/efeitos dos fármacos , Virulência/genética
2.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 24(6): 1538-44, 2014 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24559768

RESUMO

We previously reported the identification and development of novel inhibitors of streptokinase (SK) expression by Group A Streptococcus (GAS), originating from a high throughput cell-based phenotypic screen. Although phenotypic screening is well-suited to identifying compounds that exert desired biological effects in potentially novel ways, it requires follow-up experiments to determine the macromolecular target(s) of active compounds. We therefore designed and synthesized several classes of chemical probes for target identification studies, guided by previously established structure-activity relationships. The probes were designed to first irreversibly photolabel target proteins in the intact bacteria, followed by cell lysis and click ligation with fluorescent tags to allow for visualization on SDS-PAGE gels. This stepwise, 'tag-free' approach allows for a significant reduction in molecular weight and polar surface area compared to full-length fluorescent or biotinylated probes, potentially enhancing membrane permeability and the maintenance of activity. Of the seven probes produced, the three most biologically active were employed in preliminary target identification trials. Despite the potent activity of these probes, specific labeling events were not conclusively observed due to a considerable degree of nonspecific protein binding. Nevertheless, the successful synthesis of potent biologically active probe molecules will serve as a starting point for initiating more sensitive methods of probe-based target identification.


Assuntos
Sondas Moleculares/química , Streptococcus pyogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Virulência/antagonistas & inibidores , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Azidas/química , Benzofenonas/síntese química , Benzofenonas/química , Benzofenonas/farmacologia , Química Click , Sondas Moleculares/síntese química , Sondas Moleculares/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo
3.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 21(7): 1880-97, 2013 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23433668

RESUMO

Resistance to antibiotics is an increasingly dire threat to human health that warrants the development of new modes of treating infection. We recently identified 1 (CCG-2979) as an inhibitor of the expression of streptokinase, a critical virulence factor in Group A Streptococcus that endows blood-borne bacteria with fibrinolytic capabilities. In this report, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel 5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazolin-4(3H)-one analogs of 1 undertaken with the goal of improving the modest potency of the lead. In addition to achieving an over 35-fold increase in potency, we identified structural modifications that improve the solubility and metabolic stability of the scaffold. The efficacy of two new compounds 12c (CCG-203592) and 12k (CCG-205363) against biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus represents a promising additional mode of action for this novel class of compounds.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Quinazolinas/química , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Streptococcus/enzimologia , Estreptoquinase/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HeLa , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Quinazolinas/metabolismo , Quinazolinas/toxicidade , Solubilidade , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus/genética , Streptococcus/fisiologia , Estreptoquinase/genética , Estreptoquinase/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
4.
PLoS One ; 16(2): e0246408, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33556134

RESUMO

The emergence of antibiotic resistance over the past several decades has given urgency to new antibacterial strategies that apply less selective pressure. A new class of anti-virulence compounds were developed that are active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), by inhibiting bacterial virulence without hindering their growth to reduce the selective pressure for resistance development. One of the compounds CCG-211790 has demonstrated potent anti-biofilm activity against MRSA. This new class of anti-virulence compounds inhibited the gene expression of virulence factors involved in biofilm formation and disrupted the biofilm structures. In this study, the physicochemical properties of CCG-211790, including morphology, solubility in pure water or in water containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, solubility in organic solvents, and stability with respect to pH were investigated for the first time. Furthermore, a topical formulation was developed to enhance the therapeutic potential of the compound. The formulation demonstrated acceptable properties for drug release, viscosity, pH, cosmetic elegance and stability of over nine months.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo
5.
PLoS One ; 7(10): e47255, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23077578

RESUMO

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and one of the more prominent pathogens causing biofilm related infections in clinic. Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus such as methicillin resistance is approaching an epidemic level. Antibiotic resistance is widespread among major human pathogens and poses a serious problem for public health. Conventional antibiotics are either bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal, leading to strong selection for antibiotic resistant pathogens. An alternative approach of inhibiting pathogen virulence without inhibiting bacterial growth may minimize the selection pressure for resistance. In previous studies, we identified a chemical series of low molecular weight compounds capable of inhibiting group A streptococcus virulence following this alternative anti-microbial approach. In the current study, we demonstrated that two analogs of this class of novel anti-virulence compounds also inhibited virulence gene expression of S. aureus and exhibited an inhibitory effect on S. aureus biofilm formation. This class of anti-virulence compounds could be a starting point for development of novel anti-microbial agents against S. aureus.


Assuntos
Biofilmes , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Estreptoquinase/antagonistas & inibidores , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Resistência a Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/patogenicidade , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Quinazolinas/síntese química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas , Estreptoquinase/genética
6.
J Med Chem ; 55(7): 3535-45, 2012 Apr 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22428985

RESUMO

Arboviral encephalitis is a potentially devastating human disease with no approved therapies that target virus replication. We previously discovered a novel class of thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-based inhibitors active against neurotropic alphaviruses such as western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) in cultured cells. In this report, we describe initial development of these novel antiviral compounds, including bioisosteric replacement of the 4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole core with indole to improve metabolic stability and the introduction of chirality to assess target enantioselectivity. Selected modifications enhanced antiviral activity while maintaining low cytotoxicity, increased stability to microsomal metabolism, and also revealed striking enantiospecific activity in cultured cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate improved outcomes (both symptoms and survival) following treatment with indole analogue 9h (CCG-203926) in an in vivo mouse model of alphaviral encephalitis that closely correlate with the enantiospecific in vitro antiviral activity. These results represent a substantial advancement in the early preclinical development of a promising class of novel antiviral drugs against virulent neurotropic alphaviruses.


Assuntos
Infecções por Alphavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Alphavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antivirais/síntese química , Encefalite Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Indóis/síntese química , Piperidinas/síntese química , Tiofenos/síntese química , Doença Aguda , Alphavirus/genética , Alphavirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/mortalidade , Infecções por Alphavirus/patologia , Animais , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Encefalite Viral/mortalidade , Encefalite Viral/patologia , Indóis/química , Indóis/farmacologia , Membranas Artificiais , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/patologia , Permeabilidade , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Pirróis/síntese química , Pirróis/química , Pirróis/farmacologia , Replicon/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/patologia , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiofenos/química , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Tropismo Viral , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos
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