Phosphorus deficiency-induced cell wall pectin demethylesterification enhances cadmium accumulation in roots of Salix caprea.

Regions affected by heavy metal contamination frequently encounter phosphorus (P) deficiency. Numerous studies highlight crucial role of P in facilitating cadmium (Cd) accumulation in woody plants. However, the regulatory mechanism by which P affects Cd accumulation in roots remains ambiguous. This study aims to investigate the effects of phosphorus (P) deficiency on Cd accumulation, Cd subcellular distribution, and cell wall components in the roots of Salix caprea under Cd stress. The results revealed that under P deficiency conditions, there was a 35.4% elevation in Cd content in roots, coupled with a 60.1% reduction in Cd content in shoots, compared to the P sufficiency conditions. Under deficient P conditions, the predominant response of roots to Cd exposure was the increased sequestration of Cd in root cell walls. The sequestration of Cd in root cell walls increased from 37.1% under sufficient P conditions to 66.7% under P deficiency, with pectin identified as the primary Cd binding site under both P conditions. Among cell wall components, P deficiency led to a significant 31.7% increase in Cd content within pectin compared to P sufficiency conditions, but did not change the pectin content. Notably, P deficiency significantly increased pectin methylesterase (PME) activity by regulating the expression of PME and PMEI genes, leading to a 10.4% reduction in the degree of pectin methylesterification. This may elucidate the absence of significant changes in pectin content under P deficiency conditions and the concurrent increase in Cd accumulation in pectin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated an increase in carboxyl groups in the root cell walls under P deficiency compared to sufficient P treatment. The results provide deep insights into the mechanisms of higher Cd accumulation in root mediated by P deficiency.

Nonlinear relationship between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms: a cross-sectional study of US adults.

BACKGROUND: Despite the close relationship between sleep-wake cycles and depression symptoms, the relationship between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms in adults remains understudied. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 18280 adults aged ≥ 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2020 were analyzed. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, family income, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, comorbid condition, sleep duration, and sleep disturbance were adjusted in multivariate regression models. RESULTS: Weighted restricted cubic spline based on the complex sampling design of NHANES showed that in participants with a sleep midpoint from 2:18 AM to 6:30 AM, the prevalence of depression symptoms increased by 0.2 times (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.33) per 1-h increment in sleep midpoint compared to the reference point of 2:18 AM. For participants with a sleep midpoint after 6:30 AM and before 2:18 AM the next day, the relationship between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms was not significant after adjusting for all covariates (adjusted OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99-1.03). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate a significant nonlinear association between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms in a nationally representative sample of adults.

Association of serum oleic acid level with depression in American adults: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: As the most abundant fatty acid in plasma, oleic acid has been found to be associated with multiple neurological diseases; however, results from studies of the relationship between oleic acid and depression are inconsistent. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 4,459 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. The following covariates were adjusted in multivariable logistic regression models: age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol status, metabolic syndrome, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total cholesterol. RESULTS: Serum oleic acid levels were positively associated with depression. After adjusting for all covariates, for every 1 mmol/L increase in oleic acid levels, the prevalence of depression increased by 40% (unadjusted OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.16-1.57; adjusted OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03-1.90). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that oleic acid may play a role in depression. Further research is needed to investigate the potential benefits of changing oleic acid levels for the treatment and prevention of depression.

Allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote Salix viminalis L.-mediated phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by increasing the release of organic acids and enzymes in soils.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well known persistent organic pollutants that have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on humans and animals. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can infest plant hosts and form symbioses may help plants to enhance potential rhizosphere effects, thus contributing to the rhizodegradation of PAH-contaminated soils. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AMF on enhancing Salix viminalis-mediated phytoremediation of PAH-polluted soil and clarify the plant enzymatic and organic acid mechanisms induced by AMF. Natural attenuation (NA), phytoremediation (P, Salix viminalis), S. viminalis-AMF combined remediation using willow inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae (PM), Laroideoglomus etunicatum (PE), and Rhizophagus intraradices (PI) were used as strategies for the remediation of PAH-polluted soils. The results showed that AMF inoculation contributed to the dissipation of the high-molecular-weight PAH benzo (α) pyrene that had concentrations in PM, PE, and PI treatments of 40.1 %, 24.49 %, and 36.28 % of the level in the NA treatment, and 62.32 %, 38.05 %, and 56.38 % of the level in the P treatment after 90 days. The mycorrhizal treatment also improved the removal efficiency of phenanthrene and pyrene, as their concentrations were sharply decreased after 30 days compared to the NA and P treatments. The research further clarified the changes in rhizosphere substances induced by AMF. Organic acids including arachidonic acid, octadecanedioic acid, α-linolenic acid, 10,12,14-octadecarachidonic acid and 5-methoxysalicylic acid that can act as co-metabolic substrates for certain microbial species to metabolize PAHs were significantly increased in AMF-inoculated treatments. AMF inoculation also elevated the levels of polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and dehydrogenase, that played crucial roles in PAHs biodegradation. These findings provide an effective strategy for using AMF-assisted S. viminalis to remediate PAH-polluted soils, and the results have confirmed the key roles of organic acids and soil enzymes in plant-AMF combined remediation of PAHs.

Robust Visual Odometry Leveraging Mixture of Manhattan Frames in Indoor Environments.

We propose a robust RGB-Depth (RGB-D) Visual Odometry (VO) system to improve the localization performance of indoor scenes by using geometric features, including point and line features. Previous VO/Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms estimate the low-drift camera poses with the Manhattan World (MW)/Atlanta World (AW) assumption, which limits the applications of such systems. In this paper, we divide the indoor environments into two different scenes: MW and non-MW scenes. The Manhattan scenes are modeled as a Mixture of Manhattan Frames, in which each Manhattan Frame in itself defines a Manhattan World of a specific orientation. Moreover, we provide a method to detect Manhattan Frames (MFs) using the dominant directions extracted from the parallel lines. Our approach is designed with lower computational complexity than existing techniques using planes to detect Manhattan Frame (MF). For MW scenes, we separately estimate rotational and translational motion. A novel method is proposed to estimate the drift-free rotation using MF observations, unit direction vectors of lines, and surface normal vectors. Then, the translation part is recovered from point-line tracking. In non-MW scenes, the tracked and matched dominant directions are combined with the point and line features to estimate the full 6 degree of freedom (DoF) camera poses. Additionally, we exploit the rotation constraints generated from the multi-view dominant directions observations. The constraints are combined with the reprojection errors of points and lines to refine the camera pose through local map bundle adjustment. Evaluations on both synthesized and real-world datasets demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods. On synthesized datasets, average localization accuracy is 1.5 cm, which is equivalent to state-of-the-art methods. On real-world datasets, the average localization accuracy is 1.7 cm, which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by 43%. Our time consumption is reduced by 36%.

Robot-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for the simultaneous management of multiple urinary tract calculi: a case report and experience sharing.

BACKGROUND: Urolithiasis is a clinically common benign disease in urology. Surgical treatments that are widely used in urolithiasis are percutaneous nephrolithotomy, rigid/flexible ureteroscopy, laparoscopic surgery, and endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery. The da Vinci surgical system is rarely used in the treatment of urolithiasis. In the current study, we report a case of multiple urinary tract calculi treated by robot-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site (RA-LESS) surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with multiple urinary tract calculi. He previously underwent right ureterolithotomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Computed tomography (CT) scan and three-dimensional reconstruction CT image showed that multiple calculi were located in the right kidney, right upper ureter, and bladder. The preoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were 17.81 ml/min (right kidney) and 53.11 ml/min (left kidney). We utilized the da Vinci system docking with a single-site port to perform pyelolithotomy, ureterolithotomy, and cystolithotomy, simultaneously. The operative time was 135 min and estimated blood loss was 30 ml. The postoperative hospital stay was 5 days. Three months after surgery, the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels dropped to a normal range, and no residual fragments were found in the CT scan. The postoperative GFR were 26.33 ml/min (right kidney) and 55.25 ml/min (left kidney). CONCLUSIONS: RA-LESS surgery is a safe and effective surgical procedure in the treatment of multiple urinary tract calculi; however, further investigation is needed to validate its long-term therapeutic effect.

Joint associations of smartphone use and gender on multidimensional cognitive health among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Smartphone use has become an increasingly pervasive part of our daily lives, and as a portable media device, smartphones provide good support for cognitive training during aging. However, little is known about the joint association of smartphone use and gender on the cognitive health of older adults, particularly with regard to multi-domain cognition. METHODS: A face-to-face survey of 3230 older adults aged 60+ years was conducted in Xiamen, China, in 2016. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was used to measure both general and multi-domain cognition. Smartphone use was self-reported and the number of the smartphone functions used (NSFU) was classified as 0, 1, and 2+. General and subdomain cognitive functions were modelled on NSFU only, gender only, and NSFU and gender combined by using a series of proportional-odds cumulative logit models. Furthermore, joint associations of gender and NSFU on both general and multi-domain cognition were estimated, and a four-category quantile classification was used to evaluate the total MoCA score. RESULTS: Among all 3230 respondents, 2600 remained after exclusion of respondents with very low MoCA scores (below the education-adjusted cut-offs for dementia). Only 29.96% of older adults used smartphones, 473 (60.72%) of which were men. Respondents who had a higher NSFU maintained a better general and sub-domain cognition except for memory and orientation. Although women had lower values compared to men in visuospatial ability (OR (95% CI): 0.46 (0.37-0.57)), they outperformed their male counterparts in memory (OR (95% CI): 1.38 (1.10-1.73)). The results of the joint association showed that women's inferiority in visuospatial ability diminished when they had a NSFU of 2+. However, a significantly better improvement in memory for male was achieved when they had a NSFU of 1 rather than 2 + . CONCLUSIONS: A higher NSFU was positively associated with increased general and partial subdomain cognitive functions. However, gender differences were found in visuospatial ability and memory, which could be alleviated by smartphone use.

Determinants of Parental Intentions to Vaccinate Kindergarten Children Against Seasonal Influenza in Xiamen, China.

Seasonal influenza epidemics occur almost every year, and children under 6 years of age constitute one of the most susceptible groups. While free vaccinations are offered to preschool children in some large cities in China, Xiamen lacks a free vaccination policy and other effective policies aimed at increasing parents' acceptance of the vaccine. Using the health belief model (HBM), we sought to: (1) investigate the determinants of parents' intentions to vaccinate their kindergarten children against seasonal influenza if the free policy were implemented, and (2) explore the possible interaction effects between "cues to action" and "perceived susceptibility" and/or "perceived severity." A total of 1350 parents with kindergarten children were selected by stratified random sampling from half the population in Xiamen, of whom 1211 responded effectively to our survey. Scobit models with testing for interactions among the key concepts of the HBM were used to investigate factors associated with parents' intentions to vaccinate their children. In total, 85.1% of 1211 parents reported that they were willing to vaccinate their children if free influenza vaccinations were offered, although only 37 children (3.1%) had received influenza vaccination in the previous year, and 261 (21.6%) had been vaccinated since birth. Parents' perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.77), perceived benefits (AOR = 3.12), perceived barriers (AOR = 0.38) and cues to action (AOR = 3.54) in terms of childhood vaccination against influenza were significantly associated with their vaccination intentions. The only observed interaction effect was between perceived susceptibility and cues to action (AOR = 1.57), which had additive effects on strengthening parental intentions to vaccinate their children. Our findings can be used as a basis for formulating government strategies aimed at improving influenza vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten and guiding culturally informed primary prevention efforts among their parents.

Association of the combination of sleep duration and sleep quality with quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients.

PURPOSE: Sleep problems are very common in people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the combination of self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality on quality of life (QOL) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We analyzed the community-based cross-sectional data of 798 patients with T2DM in Xiamen, China, in 2016. Sleep duration was measured as self-reported average sleep time during the previous month. Sleep quality was evaluated as self-rated reports. QOL was assessed by the Diabetes-specific Quality of Life (DSQL), with scores < 40 and ≥ 80 set as cut-off values for differentiating good, fair, and poor QOL. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to model the associations of QOL with sleep duration, sleep quality, and their combined effects by adjusting for certain covariates. RESULTS: The separate associations of sleep duration and sleep quality in relation to QOL in T2DM patients were significant (P < 0.05). After controlling for sleep quality, there was no significant correlation between sleep duration and QOL. The combined analysis suggested that the association of sleep duration with QOL in T2DM patients was sleep quality-dependent. Longer sleep duration was associated with higher odds ratios (ORs) of better QOL for patients who reported fair sleep quality and good sleep quality, but no such trend was observed for patients who reported poor sleep quality (P> 0.05). Excessive sleep duration (≥ 9 h per day) was detrimental to QOL in T2DM only when they reported poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Specific disparities exist in the association of sleep quality with sleep duration and QOL in T2DM patients. Failures to take into account the effect of sleep quality when evaluating the impact of sleep on QOL significantly bias the results. It is important to integrate duration and quality of sleep as a composite sleep index when assessing sleep of patients with T2DM.

"3E" Analysis and Working Fluid Selection for a Cogeneration System for Geothermal Large Temperature Difference Utilization.

Widespread utilization of geothermal energy as a clean energy source can reduce the use of fossil fuels and thereby protect the environment. Previous combined heat and power (CHP) systems using low-temperature geothermal heat as a heat source have limited utilization of geothermal heat. In this study, a cogeneration system based on organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and absorption heat exchanger (AHE) is designed. We analyzed the thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and economics of the proposed system utilizing 85 °C low-temperature geothermal heat, and the optimal operating fluid for this system is discussed. The results show that the optimal working fluid for the proposed system is R245fa. Using R245fa as the working fluid, the proposed system can achieve an exergy efficiency of 61.39%, when the heat source outlet temperature can be as low as 23 °C, while the proposed system can achieve the lowest LCOE of 0.082 ($/kW ·h) when using R22 as the working fluid.

Lateralization of cortical activity, networks, and hemodynamic lag after stroke: A resting-state fNIRS study.

Focal damage due to stroke causes widespread abnormal changes in brain function and hemispheric asymmetry. In this study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to collect resting-state hemoglobin data from 85 patients with subacute stroke and 26 healthy controls, to comparatively analyze the characteristics of lateralization after stroke in terms of cortical activity, functional networks, and hemodynamic lags. Higher intensity of motor cortical activity, lower hemispheric autonomy, and more abnormal hemodynamic leads or lags were found in the affected hemisphere. Lateralization metrics of the three aspects were all associated with the Fugl-Meyer score. The results of this study prove that three lateralization metrics may provide clinical reference for stroke rehabilitation. Meanwhile, the present study piloted the use of resting-state fNIRS for analyzing hemodynamic lag, demonstrating the potential of fNIRS to assess hemodynamic abnormalities in addition to the study of cortical neurological function after stroke.

Examining the connection between weekend catch-up sleep and depression: Insights from 2017 to 2020 NHANES information.

BACKGROUND: Depression, a prevalent mental disorder, has shown an increasing trend in recent years, imposing a significant burden on health and society. Adequate sleep has been proven to reduce the incidence of depression. This study seeks to explore how Weekend Catch-up Sleep (WCS) is connected with the prevalence of depression in the American population. METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provides representative data for the U.S. POPULATION: We utilized data from the 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 cycles. Depression was operationally defined as a PHQ-9 score exceeding 10. WCS duration was categorized into five groups: no change in sleep duration (=0 h), decreased sleep duration (<0), short catch-up sleep duration (>0 h, ≤1 h), moderate catch-up sleep duration (>1 h, <2 h), and long catch-up sleep duration (≥2 h). RESULTS: Among the 8039 individuals, the distribution of WCS duration was as follows: no change (WCS = 0 h) in 2999 individuals (37.3 %), decreased sleep (WCS < 0 h) in 1199 individuals (14.9 %), short catch-up sleep (0 h < WCS ≤ 1 h) in 1602 individuals (19.9 %), moderate catch-up sleep (1 h < WCS < 2 h) in 479 individuals (6.0 %), and long catch-up sleep (WCS ≥ 2 h) in 1760 individuals (21.9 %). Acting by adjustment for all covariates in a multiple regression analysis, we discovered that persons with 1 to 2 h of weekend catch-up sleep had a substantially low prevalence of depression concerning those with WCS = 0 (OR 0.22, 95 % CI 0.08-0.59, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression in individuals engaging in weekend catch-up sleep for 1 to 2 h is lower than those who do not catch up on weekends. This discovery on the treatment and prevention of depression provides a new perspective. However, further prospective research and clinical trials are needed for a comprehensive investigation.

The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and depression: Results from NHANES 2005-2018.

OBJECTIVE: The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) serves as an innovative obesity measure, seemingly surpassing body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in evaluating lean and fat mass. This study aimed to explore the relationship between WWI and depression in United States (US) adults. METHODS: This population-based study investigated adults with comprehensive WWI and PHQ-9 (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. WWI was computed by dividing WC by the square root of body weight. Weighted multivariate logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting were employed to examine linear and non-linear associations. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 34,528 participants were enrolled with a prevalence of depression of 7.61 %. WWI was positively related to depression with the full adjustment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI): 1.13-1.29]. After converting WWI to a categorical variable by quartiles (Q1-Q4), compared to Q1 the highest WWI quartile was linked to an obviously increased likelihood of depression (OR = 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.29-1.76). Subgroup analysis revealed the stability of the independent positive relationship between WWI and depression (all P for trend >0.05). CONCLUSION: WWI levels were positively related to an increased likelihood of depression in US adults. Our findings indicated that WWI may serve as a simple anthropometric index to predict depression.

The relationship between body roundness index and depression: A cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018.

BACKGROUND: Depression is linked to obesity. The body roundness index (BRI) provides a more accurate assessment of body and visceral fat levels than the body mass index or waist circumference. However, the association between BRI and depression is unclear. Therefore, we investigated this relationship using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. METHODS: In this population-based cross-sectional study, data from 18,654 adults aged ≥20 years from the NHANES 2011-2018 were analyzed. Covariates, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, poverty-income ratio, alcohol status, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, energy intake, physical activity, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were adjusted in multivariable logistic regression models. In addition, smooth curve fitting, subgroup analysis, and interaction testing were conducted. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, BRI was positively correlated with depression. For each one-unit increase in BRI, the prevalence of depression increased by 8 % (odds ratio = 1.08, 95 % confidence interval = 1.05-1.10, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: As this was a cross-sectional study, we could not determine a causal relationship between BRI and depression. Patients with depression in this study were not clinically diagnosed with major depressive disorder. CONCLUSION: BRI levels were positively related to an increased prevalence of depression in American adults. BRI may serve as a simple anthropometric index to predict depression.

Design and investigation of a capacitance-coupling pre-ionized sharpening switch.

The sharpening switch is one of the most important elements in the trigger generator, which is used to sharpen the front of the trigger pulse. The breakdown performance of the sharpening switch has an important influence on the output and stability of the trigger generator. In this paper, a novel 200 kV capacitance-coupling pre-ionized sharpening switch, which can realize pre-ionization by dividing voltage through its own structural capacitances, is proposed and investigated. In order to obtain the optimal parameters of the pre-ionized sharpening switch, the influences of the electrode structure, electrode material, main gap distance, and pre-ionized gap distance on the breakdown performance are studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the electrode structure with a circular knife-edged cathode and a plate-shaped anode has the smallest breakdown jitter, followed by the needle-plate structure and the tapered ball-head structure. The stainless steel electrode has the smallest jitter, followed by graphite, aluminum, and brass electrodes. When the gap distances of the main gap and the pre-ionized gap are 13 and 1.5 mm, respectively, the breakdown stability of the pre-ionized sharpening switch is the best. Under an input voltage pulse with a rise time of about one microsecond, the jitter of the capacitance-coupling pre-ionized sharpening switch with the optimal parameters is 6.08 ns, which is about 0.6% of the rise time of the input pulse. The jitter decreases by 44.5% compared to the switch without pre-ionization. The rise time of the output pulse is sharpened to 17 ns, corresponding to a voltage rise rate of more than 11 kV/ns.

Effects of different frequencies music on cortical responses and functional connectivity in patients with minimal conscious state.

The objective of this study was to investigate brain activation and functional network patterns during musical interventions in different frequency bands using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and to provide a basis for more effective music therapy strategy selection for patients in minimally conscious state (MCS). Twenty six MCS patients and 20 healthy people were given music intervention with low frequency (31-180 Hz), medium frequency (180-4k Hz), and high frequency (4k-22k Hz) audio. In MCS patients, low frequency music intervention induced activation of left prefrontal cortex and left primary sensory cortex (S1), also a left-hemisphere lateralization effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). And the functional connectivity of right DLPFC-right S1 was significantly improved by high frequency music intervention. The low frequency and high frequency music may contribute more than medium frequency music to the recovery of consciousness. This study also validated the effectiveness of fNIRS in studies of brain function in MCS patients.

Physiological and psychological recovery in two pure forests: interaction between perception methods and perception durations.

The forest experience is good for people's physical and mental health. However, few studies on the effects of pure forest based on the duration and way of experience on people's physical and mental recovery. In this study, we took 180 first-year college students as research objects and conducted experiments in Pinus sylvestris and Betula platyphylla and the control group of grass plot. The changes of physiological and psychological indexes of the subjects were compared by two perception methods (onsite perception, video perception) and three perception duration (10 min, 20 min, 30 min). The results indicated that: (1) Differences between the two pure forests were mainly reflected in short-term recovery of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and long-term recovery of total mood disorder (TMD). (2) Video perception was more conducive to short-term recovery of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). (3) Viewing the Pinus sylvestris for 20 min in different ways was the best way to relieve stress. It is suggested that, Pinus sylvestris can be used as the rehabilitation perception material, and reasonable path length or perception time can be selected for landscape construction in future. These results can provide scientific reference for landscape design based on forest health and environmental perception.

Integrated physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide insights into phosphorus-mediated cadmium detoxification in Salix caprea roots.

Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in facilitating plant adaptation to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying P-mediated responses to Cd stress in roots remain elusive. This study investigates the effects of P on the growth, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome of Salix caprea under Cd stress. The results indicate that Cd significantly inhibits plant growth, while sufficient P alleviates this inhibition. Under Cd exposure, P sufficiency resulted in increased Cd accumulation in roots, along with reduced oxidative stress levels (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide contents were reduced by 16.8% and 30.1%, respectively). This phenomenon can be attributed to the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as increased levels of antioxidants including ascorbic acid (AsA) and flavonoids under sufficient P conditions. A total of 4208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 552 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in the transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, with 2596 DEGs and 113 DAMs identified among treatments with different P levels under Cd stress, respectively. Further combined analyses reveal the potential roles of several pathways in P-mediated Cd detoxification, including flavonoid biosynthesis, ascorbate biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Notably, sufficient P upregulates the expression of genes including HMA, ZIP, NRAMP and CAX, all predicted to localize to the cell membrane. This may elucidate the heightened Cd accumulation under sufficient P conditions. These findings provide insights into the roles of P in enhancing plant resistance to Cd stress and improving of phytoremediation.

Regulation of nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria by available phosphorus and microbial communities in lake sediments of cold and arid regions.

As global anthropogenic nitrogen inputs continue to rise, nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) plays an increasingly significant role in CH4 consumption in lake sediments. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the effects of anthropogenic activities on N-DAMO bacteria in lakes in the cold and arid regions. Sediment samples were collected from five sampling areas in Lake Ulansuhai at varying depth ranges (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm). The ecological characterization and niche differentiation of N-DAMO bacteria were investigated using bioinformatics and molecular biology techniques. Quantitative PCR confirmed the presence of N-DAMO bacteria in Lake Ulansuhai sediments, with 16S rRNA gene abundances ranging from 1.72 × 104 to 5.75 × 105 copies·g-1 dry sediment. The highest abundance was observed at the farmland drainage outlet with high available phosphorus (AP). Anthropogenic disturbances led to a significant increase in the abundance of N-DAMO bacteria, though their diversity remained unaffected. The heterogeneous community of N-DAMO bacteria was affected by interactions among various environmental characteristics, with AP and oxidation-reduction potential identified as the key drivers in this study. The Mantel test indicated that the N-DAMO bacterial abundance was more readily influenced by the presence of the denitrification genes (nirS and nirK). Network analysis revealed that the community structure of N-DAMO bacteria generated numerous links (especially positive links) with microbial taxa involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles, such as methanogens and nitrifying bacteria. In summary, N-DAMO bacteria exhibited sensitivity to both environmental and microbial factors under various human disturbances. This study provides valuable insights into the distribution patterns of N-DAMO bacteria and their roles in nitrogen and carbon cycling within lake ecosystems.

Association between selenium intake and migraine: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Dietary interventions for migraine are receiving increasing attention. However, it remains unclear whether there is any relationship between migraine and selenium intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between selenium intake and migraine. Methods: We used multivariate logistic regression equations to explore the association between selenium intake and migraine. Restricted cubic splines were used to examine the presence of non-linear relationships. Upon finding a non-linear relationship, a recursive algorithm was used to calculate the inflection point. Population differences were also explored through stratified analysis. Results: In the model adjusted for all covariates, the ORs (95% CI) for the association between selenium intake and migraine were 0.96 (0.88, 1.04), which was no statistical significance. However, the result of the linear trend test with quadrilles of selenium intake indicated the association between selenium intake and migraine may be non-linear. The restricted cubic splines confirmed this non-linear relationship, finding an inflection point (93.1 mcg/day), where the odds of migraine decreased with increasing selenium intake before the inflection point, and no statistically significant relationship was found after the inflection point. The association between selenium intake and migraine was non-linear in all strata except the obese. Conclusion: We found a non-linear association between selenium intake and migraine in the general American population.