Diameter of the dilated main pulmonary artery in patients with pulmonary hypertension decreases after lung transplantation.

PURPOSE: The pulmonary artery (PA) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) becomes dilated. We analyzed the postoperative changes of the main PA after lung transplantation (LuTx). METHODS: The subjects of this retrospective study were 68 LuTx recipients, divided into a PH group (n = 36) and a non-PH group (n = 32), based on preoperative right heart catheterization findings. The PA diameter was measured on chest computed tomography. We evaluated the correlation between the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and the main PA diameter and compared the main PA diameters before and 3 months after LuTx. RESULTS: The main PA diameter was significantly correlated with the mPAP (r = 0.423, P < 0.001). Preoperatively, the mean main PA diameter in the PH group was significantly greater than that in the non-PH group. However, by 3 months after LuTx, the main PA diameter in the PH group had decreased significantly from 32.4 ± 6.7 to 26.9 ± 4.8 mm (P < 0.001), while that in the non-PH group had decreased minimally from 28.3 ± 4.9 to 26.4 ± 4.6 mm (P < 0.001), resulting in no significant difference in postoperative main PA diameters between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The main PA diameter in recipients with PH was enlarged and correlated with the mPAP. The dilated main PA diameter in PH patients decreased shortly after LuTx.

Asymptomatic Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis　- Clinical Characteristics, Management Strategies, and Long-Term Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is uncertain and there is no consensus on the necessity of detection and treatment.Methods and Results:We retrospectively evaluated 300 patients with asymptomatic lower extremity DVT screened from 4,514 consecutive patients on ultrasound at Kyoto University Hospital between January 2010 and September 2015. The subjects had concomitant active cancer in 40%, unprovoked DVT in 59%, and distal DVT in 70%. The cumulative 5-year incidences of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE); major bleeding; and all-cause death were 14.5%, 16.6%, and 34.1%, respectively. Among 232 patients (77%) with prolonged anticoagulant therapy, anticoagulants were discontinued in 48.4% at 1 year. Anticoagulant therapy was associated with a significantly higher incidence of major bleeding compared with the non-anticoagulant group (20.5% vs. 1.5%, P=0.01) with no significant effect on the incidence of VTE. In patients with active cancer, the favorable effect of anticoagulants relative to no anticoagulants for VTE was significant (HR, 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05-0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged anticoagulants therapy was implemented in the majority of patients with asymptomatic DVT, but was associated with a significantly higher risk for major bleeding. On subgroup analysis in patients with active cancer, however, there appeared to be a benefit of prolonged anticoagulant therapy in decreasing the rate of symptomatic recurrent VTE.

New strategy to resume and taper epoprostenol after lung transplant for pulmonary hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: The perioperative outcome of lung transplantation (LTx) for patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains poor due to the occurrence of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) from left ventricular failure. We hypothesized that tapering pretransplant use of epoprostenol rather than abrupt discontinuation after transplantation might improve perioperative outcomes. METHODS: We performed 23 LTxs for patients with severe PH who received epoprostenol therapy from 2008 until 2021. In the discontinued group (n = 6), epoprostenol was discontinued after the establishment of extracorporeal circulation. In the tapered group (n = 17), epoprostenol was discontinued and resumed after reperfusion, and then gradually tapered over the following 2 weeks. We assessed survival, bleeding, blood transfusion, re-opening of the chest, oxygenation, PGD score, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requirement for recovery after transplantation, and duration of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: The PGD score was significantly lower in the tapered group than in the discontinued group at 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h after LTx. In addition, the discontinued group required longer mechanical ventilation than the tapered group. Delayed chest closure and post-transplant ECMO use for recovery occurred significantly more frequently in the discontinued group. CONCLUSIONS: To resume and taper epoprostenol administration after reperfusion in patients with severe PH may be a valuable new strategy associated with better perioperative outcomes.

Adaptive servoventilation versus oxygen therapy for sleep disordered breathing in patients with heart failure: a randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: Both adaptive servoventilation (ASV) and nocturnal oxygen therapy improve sleep disordered breathing (SDB), but their effects on cardiac parameters have not been compared systematically. METHODS AND RESULTS: 43 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤50%) with SDB were randomly assigned to undergo ASV (n=19, apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI)=34.2±12.1/h) or oxygen therapy (n=24, 36.9±9.9/h) for 3 months. More than 70% of SDB events in both groups were central apnoeas or hypopnoeas. Although nightly adherence was less for the ASV group than for the oxygen group (4.4±2.0 vs 6.2±1.8 h/day, p<0.01), the improvement in AHI was larger in the ASV group than in the oxygen group (-27.0±11.5 vs -16.5±10.2/h, p<0.01). The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level in the ASV group improved significantly after titration (1535±2224 to 1251±2003 pg/mL, p=0.01), but increased slightly at follow-up and this improvement was not sustained (1311±1592 pg/mL, p=0.08). Meanwhile, the level of plasma NT-proBNP in the oxygen group did not show a significant change throughout the study (baseline 1071±1887, titration 980±1913, follow-up 1101±1888 pg/mL, p=0.19). The significant difference in the changes in the NT-proBNP level throughout the study between the 2 groups was not found (p=0.30). Neither group showed significant changes in echocardiographic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Although ASV produced better resolution of SDB in patients with CHF as compared with oxygen therapy, neither treatment produced a significant improvement in cardiac function in the short term. Although we could not draw a definite conclusion because of the small number of participants, our data do not seem to support the routine use of ASV or oxygen therapy to improve cardiac function in patients with CHF with SDB. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01187823 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).