RESUMO
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and inflammation occurring at the BBB have a key, mainly a deleterious role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Neddylation is a ubiquitylation-like pathway that is critical in various cellular functions by conjugating neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8 (NEDD8) to target proteins. However, the roles of neddylation pathway in ischemic stroke remain elusive. Here, we report that NEDD8 conjugation increased during acute phase after ischemic stroke and was present in intravascular and intraparenchymal neutrophils. Inhibition of neddylation by MLN4924, also known as pevonedistat, inactivated cullin-RING E3 ligase (CRL), and reduced brain infarction and improved functional outcomes. MLN4924 treatment induced the accumulation of the CRL substrate neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). By using virus-mediated NF1 silencing, we show that NF1 knockdown abolished MLN4924-dependent inhibition of neutrophil trafficking. These effects were mediated through activation of endothelial P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and blocking antibodies against P-selectin or anti-ICAM-1 antibodies reversed NF1 silencing-induced increase in neutrophil infiltration in MLN4924-treated mice. Furthermore, we found that NF1 silencing blocked MLN4924-afforded BBB protection and neuroprotection through activation of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ), myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), and myosin light chain (MLC) in cerebral microvessels after ischemic stroke, and treatment of mice with the PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin reduced this increased BBB permeability. Our study demonstrated that increased neddylation promoted neutrophil trafficking and thus exacerbated injury of the BBB and stroke outcomes. We suggest that the neddylation inhibition may be beneficial in ischemic stroke.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas , Isquemia Encefálica , Ciclopentanos/farmacologia , Proteína NEDD8/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases , Animais , Lesões Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Lesões Encefálicas/enzimologia , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/enzimologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/antagonistas & inibidores , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismoRESUMO
Endometriosis has been reported in epidemiological studies to be associated with certain types of cancer. However, the presence of reverse causality and residual confounding due to common risk factors introduces uncertainty regarding the extent to which endometriosis itself contributes to the development of cancer. We performed the Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal associations between endometriosis and 34 different types of cancers. The results of the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) model suggested that genetic predisposition to endometriosis was causally associated with an increased risk for ovarian cancer (OR = 3.2913; p-value = .0320). The genetic liabilities to endometriosis had causal associations with the decreased risk for skin cancer (OR = 0.9973; p-value = .0219), hematological cancer (OR = 0.9953; p-value = .0175) and ER- breast cancer (OR = 0.6960; p-value = .0381). The causal association of the above combinations were robust by test of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Together, our study suggests that endometriosis had causal effect on cancer risk.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Endometriose , Feminino , Humanos , Endometriose/complicações , Endometriose/epidemiologia , Endometriose/genética , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Causalidade , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica AmplaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is an underdiagnosed disorder that affects an estimated 6-10% of women of reproductive age. Endometriosis has been reported in epidemiological studies to be associated with autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship remains controversial. METHODS: A meta-analysis of observational studies was undertaken to evaluate the risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with endometriosis. The relevant studies were retrieved via the databases Medline, Embase and Web of Science until July 20, 2023. Mendelian randomization (MR) was subsequently utilized to scrutinize the causal influence of genetic predisposition toward endometriosis on three autoimmune diseases. RESULTS: The meta-analysis findings revealed a relationship between endometriosis and the onset of SLE (cohort studies: RR = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-2.13, I2 = 0%; Case-control and cross-sectional studies: OR = 5.23, 95% CI: 0.74-36.98, I2 = 98%), RA (cohort studies: RR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.85-2.55, I2 = 92%; Case-control and cross-sectional studies: OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.19-1.64, I2 = 0%) and SS (cohort studies: RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.34-1.66, I2 = 0%). Similarly, in our MR study, the results of the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) model suggested that genetic predisposition to endometriosis was causally associated with an increased risk for SLE (OR = 1.915, 95% CI: 1.204-3.045, p = 0.006) and RA (OR = 1.005, 95% CI: 1.001-1.009, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Both our meta-analysis and MR study indicate that endometriosis increases the risk of autoimmune diseases. These findings not only broaden our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of endometriosis and autoimmune diseases, but also offer a new strategy for autoimmune disease prevention.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Doenças Autoimunes , Endometriose , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Humanos , Feminino , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Endometriose/epidemiologia , Endometriose/genética , Endometriose/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica AmplaRESUMO
Intracerebral hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in acute ischemic stroke continues to present a major clinical problem. Here, we report that infusion of tPA resulted in a significant increase in markers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the ischemic cortex and plasma of mice subjected to photothrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), a critical enzyme for NET formation, is also significantly upregulated in the ischemic brains of tPA-treated mice. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after ischemic challenge in an in vitro model of BBB was exacerbated after exposure to NETs. Importantly, disruption of NETs by DNase I or inhibition of NET production by PAD4 deficiency restored tPA-induced loss of BBB integrity and consequently decreased tPA-associated brain hemorrhage after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, either DNase I or PAD4 deficiency reversed tPA-mediated upregulation of the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). Administration of cGAMP after stroke abolished DNase I-mediated downregulation of the STING pathway and type 1 interferon production and blocked the antihemorrhagic effect of DNase I in tPA-treated mice. We also show that tPA-associated brain hemorrhage after ischemic stroke was significantly reduced in cGas-/- mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NETs significantly contribute to tPA-induced BBB breakdown in the ischemic brain and suggest that targeting NETs or cGAS may ameliorate thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke by reducing tPA-associated hemorrhage.
Assuntos
Armadilhas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Hemorragias Intracranianas/complicações , Hemorragias Intracranianas/patologia , Nucleotidiltransferases/metabolismo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Animais , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/patologia , Desoxirribonuclease I/metabolismo , Humanos , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteína-1 Relacionada a Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Infiltração de Neutrófilos , Proteína-Arginina Desiminase do Tipo 4/deficiência , Proteína-Arginina Desiminase do Tipo 4/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
We aimed to examine the effect of Honokiol (HKL) on endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats and its possible mechanism. A high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) were used to establish the type 2 diabetic model in rats. Part of these rats were intraperitoneally injected with HKL 10 mg/kg daily. Then the expression of Ser1177 phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS), eNOS, and CD31, vasodilation function, insulin signaling, indicators of oxidative stress and relative signaling pathway were measured. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to explore the underlying mechanism of the effect of HKL on high glucose-related endothelial injury in vitro. The data showed that HKL could reverse the decline of the expression of p-eNOS and CD31, endothelium-related vasodilation dysfunction, insulin resistance and activation of oxidative stress induced by type 2 diabetes in vivo. The similar results were obtained in vitro. In summary, our study demonstrates that HKL improves endothelial function and diminishes insulin resistance and oxidative stress, suggesting that HKL could be used as a treatment option for diabetes in the future.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Resistência à Insulina , Doenças Vasculares , Animais , Compostos de Bifenilo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Lignanas , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Doenças Vasculares/metabolismo , VasodilataçãoRESUMO
Marine biodiversity provides a range of diverse biological resources, including seafoods that are rich in protein and a well-balanced amino acid composition. Previous studies have shown that peptides can improve bone formation and/or inhibit bone resorption, suggesting the potential for seafood bioactive peptides (SBPs) in development of food and pharmaceuticals for management of osteoporosis. In this review, we provided an up-to-date overview of the anti-osteoporosis activity of SBPs and describe their underlying molecular mechanisms. We focus on SBPs' development, broadening the scope and depth of research, as well as strengthening in vivo and clinical research. In vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal osteoporosis models have demonstrated the potential for seafood-derived SBPs, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, seaweed and microalgae, in preventing osteoporosis. These peptides may act by activating the signaling pathways, such as BMP/Smads, MAPK, OPG/RANKL/RANK, and NF-κB, which are associated with modulation bone health.
Assuntos
Reabsorção Óssea , Osteoporose , Alimentos Marinhos , Animais , Reabsorção Óssea/tratamento farmacológico , Reabsorção Óssea/prevenção & controle , Humanos , NF-kappa B , Osteogênese , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , PeptídeosRESUMO
Autophagy is a highly conserved degrading process that is crucial for cell growth and development in eukaryotes, especially when they face starvation and stressful conditions. To evaluate the functions of Atg4 and Atg8 in mycelial growth, asexual and sexual development, and virulence in Cochliobolus heterostrophus, ΔChatg4 and ΔChatg8 mutants were generated by gene replacement. Strains deleted for ChATG4 and ChATG8 genes showed significant changes in vegetative growth and development of conidia and ascospores compared with the wild-type strain. The autophagy process was blocked and virulence was reduced dramatically in ΔChatg4 and ΔChatg8 mutants. In addition, deletion of ChATG4 and ChATG8 disordered Cdc10 subcellular localization and formation of septin rings. The direct physical interaction between ChAtg4 and ChAtg8 was detected by yeast two-hybrid assay, and ChAtg4-GFP was dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, although GFP-ChAtg8 appeared as punctate structures. All phenotypes were restored in complemented strains. Taken together, these findings indicate that ChATG4 and ChATG8 are crucial for autophagy to regulate fungal growth, development, virulence, and localization of septin in C. heterostrophus.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Septinas , Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Autofagia , Bipolaris , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Septinas/genética , Esporos Fúngicos/genética , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Magnaporthe oryzae is a fungal pathogen that causes rice blast, a highly destructive disease. In the present study, the bacteria strain GS-1 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of ginseng and identified as Bacillus velezensis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whole genome assembly, and average nucleotide identity analysis. B. velezensis strain GS-1 exhibited significant antagonistic activity to several plant fungal pathogens. Through whole genome sequencing, 92 Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and 13 gene clusters that encoded for secondary metabolites were identified. In addition, strain GS-1 was able to produce the lipopeptide compounds, surfactin, fengycin, and plantazolicin. The inhibitory effects of lipopeptide compounds on M. oryzae were confirmed, and the antagonistic mechanism was explored using transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) and differential accumulated metabolites (DAMs) revealed that the inhibition of M. oryzae by lipopeptide produced by GS-1 downregulated the expression of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and autophagy. These results may explain why GS-1 has antagonistic activity to fungal pathogens and revealed the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of lipopeptides produced by GS-1 on fungal growth, which may provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of B. velezensis GS-1 in future plant protection.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Magnaporthe , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ascomicetos/genética , Bacillus , Lipopeptídeos/química , Magnaporthe/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , RNA Ribossômico 16SRESUMO
This study evaluated the relationship between the neuroprotective effects of procyanidins and their structural characteristics. In vitro, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) was exposed to the grape seed-derived procyanidin monomers: catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), and epicatechin gallate (ECG); the procyanidin dimers: procyanidin B1 (B1), procyanidin B2 (B2), procyanidin B3 (B3), procyanidin B4 (B4), procyanidin B1-3-O-gallate (B1-G), and procyanidin B2-3-O-gallate (B2-G); and the procyanidin trimers: procyanidin C1 (C1) and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) for 24 h. Cells were then incubated with 200 µM H2O2 for 24 h. In vivo, zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 days post-fertilization were incubated with NAC or procyanidins (C, EC, ECG, B1, B2, B3, B4, B1-G, B2-G, C1) in 300 µM H2O2 for 4 days. Different grape seed procyanidins increased the survival of PC12 cells challenged with H2O2, improved the movement behavior disorder of zebrafish caused by H2O2, inhibited the increase of ROS and MDA and the decrease of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD activities, and up-regulated the Nrf2/ARE pathway. The neuroprotective effects of the procyanidin trimer C1 treatment group were greater than the other treatment groups. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of procyanidins is positively correlated with their degree of polymerization.
Assuntos
Biflavonoides , Catequina , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Proantocianidinas , Animais , Biflavonoides/química , Biflavonoides/farmacologia , Catequina/química , Catequina/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Proantocianidinas/química , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
This study evaluated the effect of grape seed-derived monomer, dimeric, and trimeric procyanidins on rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) cells and in a zebrafish Parkinson's disease (PD) model. PC12 cells were cultured with grape seed-derived procyanidins or deprenyl for 24 h and then exposed to 1.5 mm 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) for 24 h. Zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 days post-fertilization were incubated with deprenyl or grape seed-derived procyanidins in 400 µM 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 4 days. The results showed that the procyanidin dimers procyanidin B1 (B1), procyanidin B2 (B2), procyanidin B3 (B3), procyanidin B4 (B4), procyanidin B1-3-O-gallate (B1-G), procyanidin B2-3-O-gallate (B2-G), and the procyanidin trimer procyanidin C1 (C1) had a protective effect on PC12 cells, decreasing the damaged dopaminergic neurons and motor impairment in zebrafish. In PC12 cells and the zebrafish PD model, procyanidin (B1, B2, B3, B4, B1-G, B2-G, C1) treatment decreased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results suggest that in PC12 cells and the zebrafish PD model, the neuroprotective effects of the procyanidins were positively correlated with their degree of polymerization.
Assuntos
Doença de Parkinson , Proantocianidinas , 1-Metil-4-fenilpiridínio , Animais , Biflavonoides , Catequina , Estresse Oxidativo , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Proantocianidinas/química , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Selegilina/farmacologia , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adequate calcium intake is necessary to prevent osteoporosis, which poses significant public health challenges. The natural bioactive peptide calcium chelates have been regarded as superior calcium supplements. Microalgae peptides are regarded as potential candidates for protection from bone loss in osteoporosis. This study aimed to prepare microalgae calcium-chelating peptides from four microalgae proteins and assess their osteogenic activities in osteoporosis-like zebrafish. RESULTS: After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, 4.42% Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein, 2.74% Nannochloropsis oceanica protein, 6.07% Arthospira platensis protein and 10.47% Dunaliella salina protein were retained. The calcium-chelating capacities of four microalgae protein hydrolysates (MPHs) ranged from 14.10 ± 7.16% to 34.11 ± 9.34%. CaCl2 addition increased the maximum absorption peaks, absorption intensities and particle sizes of MPHs. Calcium-chelating MPHs showed stronger osteogenic activities than MPHs in the osteoporosis-like zebrafish model, with significantly increased mineralized tissue area and integrated optical density. CONCLUSION: Microalgae proteins have favorable digestibilities. Among the four MPHs, Nannochloropsis oceanica protein hydrolysates showed the highest calcium-chelating capacity, which might be due to its high degree of hydrolysis after in vitro digestion and high content of Ser, Tyr, Thr, Asp and Glu. The absorption intensities and particle sizes of MPHs both increased after calcium addition. MPH treatment could reverse dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis of zebrafish, and MPHs-Ca chelates showed higher osteogenic activities in osteoporosis-like phenotype zebrafish. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Chlorella , Microalgas , Osteoporose , Estramenópilas , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Cloreto de Cálcio/metabolismo , Chlorella/metabolismo , Dexametasona/metabolismo , Microalgas/química , Peptídeos/química , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Proteínas/metabolismo , Estramenópilas/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismoRESUMO
This research assessed the molecular mechanism of procyanidins (PCs) against neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) models. In vitro, PC12 cells were incubated with PCs or deprenyl for 24 h, and then exposed to 1.5 mM MPP+ for 24 h. In vivo, zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) were incubated with deprenyl or PCs in 400 µM MPTP for 4 days. Compared with MPP+/MPTP alone, PCs significantly improved antioxidant activities (e.g., glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, PCs significantly increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation in PC12 cells and raised the expression of NQO1, HO-1, GCLM, and GCLC in both PC12 cells and zebrafish compared to MPP+/MPTP alone. The current study shows that PCs have neuroprotective effects, activate the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway and alleviate oxidative damage in MPP+/MPTP-induced PD models.
Assuntos
Doença de Parkinson , Proantocianidinas , Animais , Antioxidantes , Estresse Oxidativo , Células PC12 , RatosRESUMO
This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of procyanidins (PCs). In vitro, rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) were exposed to PCs (1, 2 or 4 µg/mL) or N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) (20 µM) for 24 h, and then incubated with 200 µM of H2O2 for 24 h. Compared with H2O2 alone, PCs significantly increased antioxidant activities (e.g., glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) accumulation and increased the expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). In vivo, zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) were exposed to NAC (30 µM) or PCs (4, 8 or 16 µg/mL) in the absence or presence of 300 µM of H2O2 for 4 days. Compared with H2O2 alone, PCs enhanced antioxidant activities (e.g., GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD), decreased levels of ROS and MDA, and enhanced Nrf2/ antioxidant response element (ARE) activation and raised expression levels of NQO1, HO-1, GCLM, and GCLC. In conclusion, these results indicated that PCs exerted neuroprotective effects via activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and alleviating oxidative damage.
Assuntos
Proantocianidinas/metabolismo , Proantocianidinas/farmacologia , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Animais , Elementos de Resposta Antioxidante , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição NF-E2/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Células PC12 , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismoRESUMO
Although the function and regulation of SnRK1 have been studied in various plants, its molecular mechanisms in response to abiotic stresses are still elusive. In this work, we identified an AP2/ERF domain-containing protein (designated GsERF7) interacting with GsSnRK1 from a wild soybean cDNA library. GsERF7 gene expressed dominantly in wild soybean roots and was responsive to ethylene, salt, and alkaline. GsERF7 bound GCC cis-acting element and could be phosphorylated on S36 by GsSnRK1. GsERF7 phosphorylation facilitated its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus and enhanced its transactivation activity. When coexpressed in the hairy roots of soybean seedlings, GsSnRK1(wt) and GsERF7(wt) promoted plants to generate higher tolerance to salt and alkaline stresses than their mutated species, suggesting that GsSnRK1 may function as a biochemical and genetic upstream kinase of GsERF7 to regulate plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Furthermore, the altered expression patterns of representative abiotic stress-responsive and hormone-synthetic genes were determined in transgenic soybean hairy roots after stress treatments. These results will aid our understanding of molecular mechanism of how SnRK1 kinase plays a cardinal role in regulating plant stress resistances through activating the biological functions of downstream factors.
Assuntos
Glycine max/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , DNA de Plantas/metabolismo , Ensaio de Desvio de Mobilidade Eletroforética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Fosforilação , Filogenia , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/fisiologia , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/fisiologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/fisiologiaRESUMO
Antarctic krill oil is high in nutritional value and has biological functions like anti-inflammation and hypolipidemic effects. But it has and unpleasant smell, and unsaturated fatty acids are prone to oxidative deterioration. Its high viscosity and low solubility in water make it difficult for processing. Microemulsion can be a new promising route for development of krill oil product. We determined a formula of krill oil-in-water microemulsion with krill oil: isopropyl myristate = 1:3 as oil phase, Tween 80:Span 80 = 8:2 as surfactant, ethanol as co-surfactant and the mass ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant of 3:1. After screening the formula, we researched several characteristics of the prepared oil-in-water microemulsion, including electrical conductivity, microstructure by transmission electron microscope and cryogenic transmission electron microscope, droplet size analysis, rheological properties, thermal behavior by differential scanning calorimeter and stability against pH, salinity, and storage time.
Assuntos
Euphausiacea/química , Óleos/química , Tensoativos/química , Animais , Regiões Antárticas , Emulsões , Etanol/química , Hexoses/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Miristatos/química , Óleos/isolamento & purificação , Tamanho da Partícula , Polissorbatos/química , Reologia , Solubilidade , Fatores de Tempo , Viscosidade , Água/químicaRESUMO
Chromium (VI) in soil poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. Despite efforts to remediate Cr contaminated soil (Cr-soil), instances of re-yellowing have been observed over time. To understand the causes of re-yellowing as well as the influence of overdosed chemical reductant in remediating Cr-soil, experiments on excess reducing agent interference and soil re-yellowing mechanisms under different extreme conditions were conducted. The results show that the USEPA method 3060A & 7196A combined with K2S2O8 oxidation is an effective approach to eliminate interference from excess FeSO4 reducing agents. The main causes of re-yellowing include the failure of reducing agents, disruption of soil lattice, and interactions between manganese oxides and microorganisms. Under various extreme conditions simulated across the four seasons, high temperature and drought significantly accelerated the failure of reducing agents, resulting in the poorest remediation effectiveness for Cr-soil (91.75 %). Dry-wet cycles promoted the formation of soil aggregates, negatively affecting Cr(VI) removal. While these extreme conditions caused relatively mild re-yellowing (9.46 %-16.79 %) due to minimal soil lattice damage, the potential risk of re-yellowing increases with the failure of reducing agents and the release of Cr(VI) within the lattice. Prolonged exposure to acid rain leaching and freeze-thaw cycles disrupted soil structure, leading to substantial leaching and reduction of insoluble Cr, resulting in optimal remediation effectiveness (94.37 %-97.73 %). As reducing agents gradually and the involvement of the water medium, significant re-yellowing occurred in the remediated soil (51.52 %). Mn(II) in soil enriched relevant microorganisms, and the Mn(IV)-mediated biological oxidation process was also one of the reasons for soil re-yellowing.
RESUMO
BACKGROUD: Two-component histidine kinase (HK) phosphorelay signaling systems play important roles in differentiation, virulence, secondary metabolite production and response to environmental signals. Allyl isothiocyanate (A-ITC) is a hydrolysis product of glucosinolates with excellent antifungal activity. Our previous study indicated that the mycelial growth of Cochliobolus heterostrophus was significantly hindered by A-ITC. However, the function of HK in regulating A-ITC sensitivity was not clear in C. heterostrophus, the causal agent of Southern corn leaf blight. RESULTS: In this study, the role of HKs was investigated in C. heterostrophus. Deletion of the HK coding gene ChNIK1 resulted in dramatically increased sensitivity of C. heterostrophus to A-ITC. In addition, ΔChnik1 mutant exhibited significantly decreased conidiation and increased sensitivity to NaCl, KCl, tebuconazole and azoxystrobin, but deletion of the other five HK genes did not affect the A-ITC sensitivity of C. heterostrophus. ChSLN1, ChNIK4, ChNIK8 and ChMAK2 are essential for conidiation and response to H2 O2 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, deletion of NIKs had on effect on significant virulence. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that the HKs play different roles in A-ITC sensitivity in C. heterostrophus. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Bipolaris , Histidina , Histidina Quinase/genética , Ascomicetos/genética , Isotiocianatos , Zea mays/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismoRESUMO
Chitosan, as a natural nontoxic biomaterial, has been demonstrated to inhibit fungal growth and enhance plant defense against pathogen infection. However, the antifungal pattern and mechanism of how chitosan application evokes plant defense are poorly elucidated. Herein, we provide evidence that chitosan exposure is fungicidal to C. heterostrophus. Chitosan application impairs conidia germination and appressorium formation of C. heterostrophus and has a pronounced effect on reactive oxygen species production, thereby preventing infection in maize. In addition, the toxicity of chitosan to C. heterostrophus requires Mkk1 and Mps1, two key components in the cell wall integrity pathway. The Δmkk1 and Δmps1 mutants were more tolerant to chitosan than the wild-type. To dissect chitosan-mediated plant defense response to C. heterostrophus, we conducted a metabolomic analysis, and several antifungal compounds were upregulated in maize upon chitosan treatment. Taken together, our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of chitosan-alleviated infection of C. heterostrophus, which would promote the application of chitosan in plant protection in agriculture.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Bipolaris , Quitosana , Virulência , Quitosana/farmacologia , Quitosana/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Zea mays/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologiaRESUMO
The antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) can be detected in contemporary natural aquatic environments and has been implicated in causing intestinal damage in humans exposed to OTC-contaminated food or water. The irreversible damage caused by high concentrations of OTC to the intestine suggests that treatment through dietary means could still be necessary. This study proved the effectiveness of kefir extract (KE) in reversing intestinal damage caused by oxytetracycline (OTC) exposure. Following a 24-hour KE treatment subsequent to OTC exposure from 3 to 8 days post-fertilization of zebrafish larvae, molecular-level and microbiomic assessments revealed significant improvements. These included reduced expression of proinflammatory factors (IL-8 and IL-1ß), increased antioxidant levels, and reversed unhealthy distribution of intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, KE supplementation showed potential in enhancing intestinal motility in the experiment of Nile red staining and fluorescent microbead transit. However, histological analysis showed that this short-term treatment with KE only partially reversed the intestinal morphological changes induced by OTC, suggesting that a longer treatment period might be necessary for complete restoration.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Intestinos , Kefir , Larva , Oxitetraciclina , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Oxitetraciclina/farmacologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Scalable and highly efficient bamboo whitening remains a great challenge. Herein, an effective bamboo whitening strategy is proposed based on photocatalyzed oxidation, which involves H2O2 infiltration and UV illumination. The as-prepared white bamboo well maintains the nature structure of natural bamboo and demonstrates high whiteness and superior mechanical properties. The absorbance value is significantly decreased to 3.5 and the transmittance is increased to 0.04 % in UV-visible wavelength range due to the removal of light-absorbing chromospheres of lignin, resulting in a high whiteness when the UV illumination time is 8 h. In addition, the white bamboo displays a high tensile strength of 30 MPa and a high flexural strength of 36 MPa due to the well-preserved lignin units (lignin preservation is about 89 %). XRD patterns and analysis show that photocatalyzed oxidation has no effect on the crystal parameters of cellulose. Compared with the traditional bamboo whitening technology, our photocatalyzed oxidation strategy demonstrates significant advantage including chemical and time conservation, high efficiency, environment friendliness, and mechanical robustness. This highly efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalyzed oxidation strategy for the fabrication of white bamboo may pave the way of bamboo-based energy-efficient structural materials for engineering application.