Correction to: Factors influencing childhood anaemia in Bangladesh: a two level logistic regression analysis.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that name that appeared in published online version is incorrect.

Factors influencing childhood anaemia in Bangladesh: a two level logistic regression analysis.

BACKGROUND: Anemia is not only a major public health problem among children in developing countries, it is also an important predictor for their future growth and development. The objective of this study was to identify possible factors associated with anemia among pre-school children in Bangladesh after removing a cluster effect of the population, and to determine the prevalence of this condition. METHODS: Data for this study was extracted from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2011). In this survey, data was collected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling approach. The chi-square test and a two-level logistic regression model were used for further analysis. RESULTS: Data from 2231 children aged 6-59 months were included for analysis. The prevalence of child anemia was noted to be 52.10%. Among these anemic children, 48.40% where from urban environment and 53.90% were from rural areas. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia among children was 57.10, 41.40 and 1.50% respectively. The two-level logistic regression model revealed that the following factors were associated with childhood anemia: children of anemic mothers (p < 0.01), undernourished children (p < 0.05), younger children (age < 2 years) (p < 0.01) and children from poor family (p < 0.05). Lastly, anemia was more common among children living in Barisal and Rangpur divisions compared to those from Dhaka division (p < 0.01), and among non-Muslims than Muslim (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that prevalence of anemia among pre-school children in Bangladesh was very high (52.10%). We noted that young children of anemic mothers, from poor families, and being undernourished were at higher risk of developing anemia. Since most of these risk factors were related to socioeconomic conditions, they were potentially modifiable. Therefore, our findings may be useful for the health authorities to identify children at risk for remedial action and to plan for preventive measures.

Radiogenic heat production estimation towards sustainable energy drive in northeastern Nigeria.

An estimate of the radiogenic heat production (RHP) across the different petrologic units of northeastern, Nigeria was previously not performed. Hence, their geothermal potentials are not widely known. However, an airborne radiometric data of equivalent uranium, (eU), equivalent thorium (eTh,) and percentage potassium (% K) acquired by Nigerian geological survey agency (NGSA) in the year 2009 was deployed in the evaluation of the RHP across the major petrologic outcrops of northeastern, Nigeria. The objective of this study is to estimate the quantity of RHP across the 13 petrologic units of the northeastern Nigerian terrain via the use of an empirical equation (RHP=ρ(0.0952Cu+0.0256CTh+0.0348Ck)). The petrologic units studied are; medium-coarse grained biotite-hornblende granites (OGe), porphyritic biotite-hornblende granites (OGp), banded gneiss (bG), charnokytes (Ch), ignimbrites (JYG), migmatites-gneiss (MG), basalts (bb), Gombe sandstones (GS), Pindiga Formation (PS), Yolde Formation (YL), Bima sandstones (BS), Keri-Keri Formation (KK), and alluvium (AL). Basic/preliminary processing such as; signal integration, signal validation, and examination of spurious data were applied prior to the RHP computation. The results of the heat production analysis performed show the range of RHP to be from 1.11µW/m3 to 3.35µW/m3 Hence, the maximum heat production value of 3.35µW/m3 was recorded along porphyritic biotite-hornblende granites (OGp) rock block, while the least value of 1.11µW/m3 was recorded over alluvium (AL) rock outcrops. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the RHP values over the study location shows a gradual increase from the middle, low heat production (sedimentary zones) to the high heat producing areas (granitic and metamorphic zones) around eastern and western parts. The petrologic units arranged in order of decreasing magnitude of radiogenic heat generation are; OGp > MG > OGe/bG > bb > GS > Ch > JYG > BS > PS/YL > KK > AL. On a general note, the petrologic units studied were classified as low in terms of geothermal character based on comparison with other previous global RHP studies.

Lung computed tomography patterns of a cluster of asymptomatic young males with COVID-19 admitted to a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur

@#Background and objective: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) was first reported in Malaysia in March 2020. We describe here the clinical characteristics and computed tomography (CT) patterns in asymptomatic young patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study where 25 male in-patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz. Demographics, clinical data and CT images of these patients were reviewed by 2 senior radiologists. Results: In total there were 25 patients (all males; mean age [±SD], 21.64±2.40 years; range, 18-27 years). Patients with abnormal chest CT showed a relatively low normal absolute lymphocytes count (median: 2.2 x 109/L) and absolute monocyte count (median: 0.5 x 109/L). Lactate dehydrogenase was elevated in 5 (20%) of the patients. The procalcitonin level was normal while elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, platelet and C-reactive protein were common. Baseline chest CT showed abnormalities in 6 patients. The distribution of the lesions were; upper lobe 3 (12%) lower lobe 3 (12%) with peripheral distribution 4 (16%). Of the 25 patients included, 4 (16%) had ground glass opacification (GGO), 1 (4%) had a small peripheral subpleural nodule, and 1 (4%) had a dense solitary granuloma. Four patients had typical CT features of COVID-19. Conclusion: We found that the CT imaging showed peripheral GGO in our patients. They remained clinically stable with no deterioration of their respiratory symptoms suggesting stability in lung involvement. We postulate that rapid changes in CT imaging may not be present in young, asymptomatic, non-smoking COVID-19 patients. Thus the use of CT thorax for early diagnosis may be reserved for patients in the older age groups, and not in younger patients.

Qualidade de vida e a saúde bucal dos universitários idosos do município de Bauru / Quality of life and oral health of elderly university students of Bauru county

Sabe-se que a vida acadêmica de qualquer indivíduo, seja jovem, adulto ou idoso, provoca mudanças significativas em todas as esferas da vida do mesmo. Dessa forma, conhecer o perfil do estudante idoso nessas instituições se torna relevante para que, em um futuro, seja possível investir-se em novos planos educacionais que, por sua vez, não devem dispensar o real perfil daqueles que são os importantes protagonistas e principais alvos do plano, isto é, os idosos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo central do presente estudo foi identificar o real do perfil daqueles que são os atores principais, no caso os idosos universitários, no município de Bauru e, ao mesmo tempo, o principal alvo do plano, levantando sua qualidade de vida e condição de saúde bucal. Para tanto, delimitou-se para o período de pesquisa, idosos matriculados no segundo semestre letivo de 2015, compondo, assim, a amostragem de 20 participantes. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um questionário com informações sobre a qualidade de vida e saúde bucal. Como resultado constatou-se que os idosos universitários tinham entre 60 e 70 anos de idade, declararam-se, em sua maioria, brancos, 50% do gênero feminino e 50% do gênero masculino. Os idosos do gênero masculino tinham renda mensal familiar em média até e acima de seis salários mínimos, e do gênero feminino até seis. A partir dos resultados sobre a qualidade de vida, concluiu-se que os principais fatores que interferiram na vida acadêmica foram as dificuldades emocionais, da qual a ansiedade e a insônia expressaram maior indicação por parte dos idosos. A maioria dos discentes idosos declarou consumir bebidas alcoólicas ocasionalmente, uma minoria fuma ou usa remédios para controle de dificuldades emocionais e nenhum faz uso de drogas ilícitas. Quanto à saúde bucal, os idosos em sua maioria, vão ao dentista a cada seis meses, mas 25% declararam que buscam auxílio somente quando possuem dor. Esse fator refletiu quanto à satisfação dos idosos quanto à saúde bucal, da qual 30% afirmaram estar insatisfeitos. Em meio ao exposto, o número inferior de idosos ingressos no Ensino Superior reflete à escassa política pública voltada a essa população e ao conceito de qualidade de vida imposto pela sociedade, de que manter-se ativo ainda é o conceito de bem-estar individual.(AU)

It is known that the academic life of any individual, whether young, adult or elderly, causes significant changes in all spheres of life of the same. Therefore, to know the profile of the elderly student in these institutions is relevant cause in future, it is possible to invest in new educational plans that, in turn, should not dispense with the real profile of those who are the key players and main plane of the target, i.e. the elderly people. In this perspective, the main objective of this study was to identify the actual profile of those who are the main actors in the case college seniors in the city of Bauru and at the same time, the main target of the plan, raising their quality of life and oral health condition. Therefore, delimited to the research period, elderly people enrolled in the second semester 2015, thus composing the sample of 20 participants. For data collection was used a questionnaire with information about the quality of life and oral health. As a result it was found that college seniors were between 60 and 70 years old, declared themselves as 50% female and 50% male. The male seniors had monthly family income on average and up to six minimum wages, and females up to six. From the results on the quality of life, it was concluded that the main factors that interfered in academic life were the emotional difficulties, of which anxiety and insomnia expressed greater indication for the elderly students. Most elderly students said they drink alcohol occasionally a minority smoke or use drugs to control emotional difficulties and no make use of illicit drugs. Regarding oral health, the elderly mostly go to the dentist every six months, but 25% said they seek help only when they have pain. This factor reflected on the satisfaction of the elderly and oral health, of which 30% said they were dissatisfied. Among the above, the lower number of graduating seniors in higher education reflects the scarce public policy directed to this population and the concept of quality of life imposed by society, that keeping active is still the concept of individual welfare.(AU)