Efficacy of different treatment protocols for endometritis in Camelus dromedarius.

Endometritis is considered a significant cause of infertility problems in dromedary camels. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different treatment protocols for endometritis in dromedary camels under Abu Dhabi Emirates' conditions. A total of 112 dromedary she-camels with uterine infection were subjected to uterine swabbing for bacterial culture and received one of the following treatments: (i) uterine douching with lotagen every other day for three doses, (ii) single parenteral oxytetracycline injection, (iii) subcutaneous injection with ceftiofur for 5 days, or (vi) combined oxytetracycline-ceftiofur injection. The results showed that Escherichia coli was the most isolated bacteria, followed by Streptococcus species. Treatment efficacy was (P < 0.05) higher in ceftiofur and oxytetracycline-ceftiofur protocols compared with lotagen and oxytetracycline protocols. The fertility indexes, services per conception and pregnancy rate, were improved in ceftiofur and mixed oxytetracycline plus ceftiofur protocols as the pregnancy rate was (P < 0.05) higher in those protocols compared with lotagen and oxytetracycline protocols (71.4 and 67.9% vs. 39.3 and 42.9%, respectively). On the other hand, the number of services per conception was significantly lower in ceftiofur and oxytetracycline-ceftiofur protocols (1.2 for each protocol) than in lotagen and oxytetracycline protocols (1.8 and 1.7, respectively). In conclusion, subcutaneous injection of 1 ml ceftiofur per 50 kg body mass for 5 days can be used as an efficient treatment for uterine infection in female dromedary camels caused by E. coli and Streptococcus species for improving their fertility indexes.

Hematological and biochemical indices, growth performance, and puberty of goats fed with Mombasa and blue panic as salt-tolerant alternatives to alfalfa under arid conditions.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Mombasa or blue panic as a salt-tolerant alternative to alfalfa on growth performance, puberty, blood hematology, serum metabolites, and serum mineral profile in growing goats. Twenty-four growing goats of 4 months old age with 14.45 ± 0.6 kg average body weight were assigned to three treatment diets with 8 animals per treatment. Weights of each animal were measured at the onset of the trial and subsequently on a weekly basis until the end of the trial duration. A pair of blood samples were collected from each goat via a jugular vein puncture and were subjected to either hematological or biochemical analysis. The results showed that treatment diets had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the final body weight and total body weight gain. However, blue panic had significantly increased (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fiber and crude protein digestibility. The diet-influenced MCV was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the Alfalfa group. The serum concentration of glucose was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the blue panic-fed group, while the urea was increased in the Mombasa-fed group. Additionally, the serum concentrations of P, Na, and Cl were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the blue panic-fed group, but Mombasa significantly increased (P < 0.05) the K concentration. In conclusion, the study indicated that blue panic ranked the best among salt-tolerant alternatives to replace alfalfa, resulting in better feed utilization, serum metabolites, and serum minerals with no adverse effects on growth performance and puberty. This study provides new insight into the shift to the cultivation of salt-tolerant plants with a high level of crude protein in arid areas as a potential approach for the sustainability of the livestock industry.