RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid (HA) has been associated with reduced sexual dysfunction in participants with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs), but the efficacy of an oral treatment has never been investigated. AIM: To investigate the efficacy of an oral preparation of HA, chondroitin sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine, and vitamin C in improving sexual and urinary symptoms in a cohort of reproductive-age participants with rUTI. METHODS: In a monocentric randomized crossover pilot trial, participants with rUTI who were referred to our institute between March 2022 and April 2023 were randomized 1:1 in 2 groups: intervention vs control. All participants had an oral preparation of cranberry, D-mannose, propolis extract, turmeric, and Boswellia twice a day for 3 months. The intervention group also included an oral preparation of HA, chondroitin sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine, and vitamin C once a day for 3 months. Crossover of treatment occurred at 3 months for an additional 3 months. At baseline and 3 and 6 months, participants were evaluated clinically and with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models tested the impact of the intervention on urinary and sexual symptoms at each follow-up assessment. OUTCOMES: Improvement in sexual and urinary symptoms as measured by the FSFI and IPSS. RESULTS: Overall, 27 (54%) participants had an FSFI score <26.5 at enrollment. At 3 months, FSFI scores were higher in the intervention group vs control (P < .001), but IPSS scores were lower (P = .03). After crossover of treatment, FSFI and IPSS scores remained stable in the intervention group. However, after crossover, the control group showed a significant improvement in IPSS and FSFI scores (all P < .01) vs the 3-month assessment. At last follow-up, urinary and sexual symptoms were comparable between groups. In logistic regression analyses, the intervention group was associated with early improvement in sexual symptoms (odds ratio, 3.9; P = .04) and urinary symptoms (odds ratio, 5.1; P = .01) after accounting for clinical confounders. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Combination treatment with HA, chondroitin sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine, and vitamin C is effective if started immediately or even after a few months from symptoms in participants with rUTI. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The main limitation is the lack of long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: The oral formulation of HA, chondroitin sulfate, N-acetylglucosamine, and vitamin C could be an effective therapy against urinary and sexual distress in participants with rUTI (NCT06268483; ClinicalTrials.gov).
Assuntos
Acetilglucosamina , Ácido Ascórbico , Sulfatos de Condroitina , Estudos Cross-Over , Ácido Hialurônico , Infecções Urinárias , Humanos , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Sulfatos de Condroitina/administração & dosagem , Sulfatos de Condroitina/uso terapêutico , Ácido Hialurônico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Hialurônico/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Acetilglucosamina/administração & dosagem , Acetilglucosamina/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Projetos Piloto , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Própole/administração & dosagem , Própole/uso terapêutico , Manose/administração & dosagem , Manose/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the rate of and predictors of ureteral obstruction after mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) for kidney stones. METHODS: We analyzed data from 263 consecutive patients who underwent mPCNL at a single tertiary referral academic between 01/2016 and 11/2022. Patient's demographics, stone characteristics, and operative data were collected. A nephrostomy tube was placed as the only exit strategy in each procedure. On postoperative day 2, an antegrade pyelography was performed to assess ureteral canalization. The nephrostomy tube was removed if ureteral canalization was successful. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with a lack of ureteral canalization. RESULTS: Overall, median (IQR) age and stone volume were 56 (47-65) years and 1.7 (0.8-4.2) cm3, respectively. Of 263, 55 (20.9%) patients showed ureteral obstruction during pyelography. Patients without ureteral canalization had larger stone volume (p < 0.001), longer operative time (p < 0.01), and higher rate of stones in the renal pelvis (p < 0.01) than those with normal pyelography. Length of stay was longer (p < 0.01), and postoperative complications (p = 0.03) were more frequent in patients without ureteral canalization. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that stone volume (OR 1.1, p = 0.02) and stone located in the renal pelvis (OR 2.2, p = 0.04) were independent predictors of transient ureteral obstruction, after accounting for operative time. CONCLUSION: One out of five patients showed transient ureteral obstruction after mPCNL. Patients with a higher stone burden and with stones in the renal pelvis are at higher risk of inadequate ureteral canalization. Internal drainage might be considered in these cases to avoid potential complications.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea , Nefrostomia Percutânea , Ureter , Obstrução Ureteral , Humanos , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/métodos , Obstrução Ureteral/etiologia , Obstrução Ureteral/cirurgia , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Nefrostomia Percutânea/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the rate of and predictors of stone passage (SP) after urgent retrograde stenting for symptomatic ureteral stones. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from 249 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department for symptomatic ureteral stones and treated with retrograde stenting. Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected. Stones parameters were collected before stenting and SP was evaluated at 1 month with computerized tomography. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models tested the association between predictors and SP. RESULTS: Overall, median (IQR) age and stone diameter were 56 (45-68) years and 7.1 (4.4-9.8) mm, respectively. Stones were located in the proximal, mid and distal ureter in 102 (41.0%), 48 (19.3%) and 99 (39.8%) cases. SP was observed in 65 (26.2%) individuals. Stone diameter (3.2 vs. 7.7 mm, p < 0.001) and stone density (416 vs. 741, p < 0.001) were lower and a higher rate of distal stones (76.9% vs. 26.7%, p < 0.001) was found in the SP group compared to that with persistent stones. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that distal ureteral stone location (OR 7.9, p < 0.01) and lower HU (OR 0.9, p < 0.01) were associated with SP, after accounting for stone volume. Patients with a distal stone of 500 HU had a 75% probability of SP. CONCLUSION: Stone passage occurred in 26% of patients with indwelling stent due to symptomatic ureteral stones. Lower stone density and distal stone location were independent predictors of stone passage. Patients with these criteria should be managed with follow-up imaging and stent removal instead of ureteroscopy.
Assuntos
Ureter , Cálculos Ureterais , Humanos , Ureter/cirurgia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cálculos Ureterais/cirurgia , StentsRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of vacuum-assisted mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (vamPCNL) vs. vacuum-cleaner mPCNL (vcmPCNL) on the rate of postoperative infectious complications in a cohort of patients with high risk factors for infections. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from 145 patients who underwent mPCNL between 01/2016 and 12/2022. Patient's demographics, stones characteristics and operative data were collected. vamPCNL and vcmPCNL were performed based on the surgeon's preference. High-risk patients were defied as having ≥ 2 predisposing factors for infections such as a history of previous urinary tract infections, positive urine culture before surgery, stone diameter ≥ 3 cm, diabetes mellitus and hydronephrosis. Complications were graded according to modified Clavien classification. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with postoperative infectious complications. RESULTS: vamPCNL and vcmPCNL were performed in 94 (64.8%) and 51 (35.2%) cases, respectively. After surgery, infectious complications occurred in 43 (29.7%) participants. Patients who developed infectious complications had larger stone volume (p = 0.02) and higher rate of multiple stones (p = 0.01) than those who did not. Infectious complications occurred more frequently after vcmPCNL than vamPCNL (55.9% vs. 44.1%. p = 0.01) in high-risk patients. Longer operative time (p < 0.01) and length of stay (p < 0.01) were observed in cases with infectious complications. At multivariable logistic regression analysis, longer operative time (OR 1.1, p = 0.02) and vcmPCNL (OR 3.1, p = 0.03) procedures were independently associated with the risk of infectious complications post mPCNL, after accounting for stone volume. CONCLUSION: One out of three high-risk patients showed infectious complications after mPCNL. vamPCL and shorter operative time were independent protective factors for infections after surgery.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea , Infecções Urinárias , Humanos , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/métodos , Cálculos Renais/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Infecções Urinárias/etiologia , Infecções Urinárias/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with extended lymphadenectomy (ePLND) is the gold standard for surgical treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, the en-bloc ePLND has been proposed but no studies reported on the standardization of the technique. The aim of the study is to describe different standardized en-bloc ePLND, the antegrade and the retrograde ePLND, and to compare their surgical and oncological outcomes. MATERIALS & METHODS: From January 2018 to September 2019, all patients subjected to RARP plus ePLND by one single surgeon were enrolled. ePLND was performed in a retrograde fashion by starting laterally to the medial umbilical ligament from the internal inguinal ring proceeding towards the ureter, or in an antegrade way by starting from the ureter at its crossing with the common iliac artery and proceeding towards the femoral canal. Patients' demographic data, clinical and surgical data were collected. Each en-bloc ePLND was categorized as "efficient" or "inefficient" by the operator, as surrogate of surgeon's satisfaction. RESULTS: Antegrade and retrograde ePLND were performed in 41/105 (group A) and 64/105 (group R) patients, respectively. The two groups (A vs R) had similar median (IQR) number of lymph nodes retrieved [20 (16.25-31.5) vs 19 (15-26.25); p = 0.18], ePLND time [33.5 (29.5-38.5) min vs 33.5 (26.5-37.5) min; p = 0.4] and post-operative complications [8/41 (19.5%) vs 9/64 (14.1%); p = 0.61]. In group A, 3/41 (7.3%) clinically significant lymphoceles were reported, while 1/64 (1.6%) in group R (p = 0.3). 33/41 (80.5%) and 28/64 (44%) procedures were scored as efficient 59 in group A and R, respectively (p = 0.01). On multivariate regression, only BMI (B = 0.93; 95% CI 0.29-1.56; p = 0.005) was associated with a longer ePLND time. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that antegrade and retrograde en-bloc extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) have comparable surgical and oncologic outcomes, supporting the importance of standardizing the procedure rather than focusing on the direction. Although both techniques aligned with current evidence regarding lymph node invasion and complications, the antegrade approach was subjectively perceived as safer due to early isolation of critical anatomical landmarks. Encouragement for the use of en-bloc ePLND, regardless of direction, is emphasized to improve prostate cancer staging accuracy and procedural standardization.
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Neoplasias da Próstata , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Robótica , Masculino , Humanos , Robótica/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Pelve/patologia , Pelve/cirurgia , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Linfonodos/patologia , Prostatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Backflow of pathogens and endotoxins from the renal pelvis to the bloodstream is one supposed mechanism for infectious complications development after endourological stones surgery. The aim of this study is detecting to prove bacterial spread into irrigation fluid and bloodstream during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and to correlate these findings with clinical and microbiological parameters and infectious complications (IC). METHODS: Bladder urine culture (BUC) was retrieved before PCNL; during the procedure, 2 blood samples (BC) and an irrigation fluid sample during fragmentation (SFUC) were collected for culture. Stone culture (SC) was also obtained. Patients were evaluated post-operatively for IC. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were prospectively included. IC occurred in 15 patients (24.6%). SFUC was positive in 7/61 (11.5%); BC in 10/61 (16.4%). Among patients with positive BC; BUC, SFUC and SC were positive in 9 (90%), 6 (60%), and 8 (80%) cases, respectively. Out of 10 patients with positive BC, 4 developed post-operative IC. Pre-operative renal impairment (p = 0.04), intraoperative-evaluated stone residual (p = 0.02), BUC (p = 0.004), and SC (p = 0.008) were associated with IC. No correlation was found between bacterial spread in the irrigation fluid and blood and IC. CONCLUSION: We proved that bacteria can be detected into the irrigation fluid and blood during PCNL. This transient bacteremia appears to be unrelated to IC development.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia , Cálculos Renais , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea , Nefrostomia Percutânea , Humanos , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Cálculos Renais/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/etiologia , Bactérias , Nefrostomia Percutânea/efeitos adversosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Well-defined clinical predictors of sepsis after upper tract drainage for obstructive uropathy due to ureteral stones are needed. We aim to determine whether sepsis after decompression of the upper urinary tract may be predicted by clinical and time-related factors, specifically delay time from symptom onset to hospital presentation (StH) and from hospital presentation to surgical decompression (HtD). METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study, data from 196 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department for obstructive uropathy due to ureteral stones and submitted to surgical decompression were evaluated. Postoperative sepsis was defined as an acute increase in ≥ 2 SOFA points and documented blood or urine cultures. RESULTS: Median StH and HtD were 24 (6-48) and 17 (10-30) hours, respectively. Thirty-three (16.8%) patients developed sepsis. Septic patients were more frequently female (75.8% vs. 37.4%, p < 0.001), had higher preoperative max body temperature (p < 0.001), white blood cells (WBC) count (p < 0.01), C-reactive protein (CRP) values (p < 0.001) and larger stone diameter (7.2 vs. 6 mm, p = 0.02). StH and HtD did not differ according to sepsis status. Time for WBC normalization and CRP halving were longer for septic patients (all p < 0.02). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, max body temperature ≥ 38 °C (OR 21.5; p < 0.001), female gender (OR 3.6; p = 0.02) and higher CRP (OR 1.1; p < 0.001) were independently associated with sepsis status. CONCLUSION: Clinical and laboratory parameters are associated with an increased risk of sepsis after decompression. StH and HtD timing are not associated with higher sepsis rates. In selected patients, urinary decompression could be delayed or primary ureteroscopy could be considered.
Assuntos
Sepse , Cálculos Ureterais , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cálculos Ureterais/complicações , Cálculos Ureterais/cirurgia , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/epidemiologia , Sepse/diagnóstico , Ureteroscopia/efeitos adversos , Proteína C-ReativaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To present the results of a nationwide survey among urological patients to evaluate their perception of the quality of care provided by residents. METHODS: An anonymous survey was distributed to patients who were referred to 22 Italian academic institutions. The survey aimed to investigate the professional figure of the urology resident as perceived by the patient. RESULTS: A total of 2587 patients were enrolled in this study. In all, 51.6% of patients were able to correctly identify a urology resident; however, almost 40% of respondents discriminated residents from fully trained urologists based exclusively on their young age. Overall, 98.2% patients rated the service provided by the resident as at least sufficient. Urology trainees were considered by more than 50% of the patients interviewed to have good communication skills, expertise and willingness. Overall, patients showed an excellent willingness to be managed by urology residents. The percentage of patients not available for this purpose showed an increasing trend that directly correlated with the difficulty of the procedure. Approximately 5-10% of patients were not willing to be managed by residents for simple procedures such as clinical visits, cystoscopy or sonography, and up to a third of patients were not prepared to undergo any surgical procedure performed by residents during steps in major surgery, even if the residents were adequately tutored. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that patients have a good willingness to be managed by residents during their training, especially for medium- to low-difficulty procedures. Furthermore, the majority of patients interviewed rated the residents' care delivery as sufficient. Urology trainees were considered to have good communication skills, expertise and willingness.
Assuntos
Internato e Residência , Urologia , Humanos , Urologia/educação , Competência Clínica , Urologistas , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess how accurate are urologists in predicting stone-free status (SFS) after vacuum-assisted mini-PCNL (vamPCNL) compared to computed tomography (CT) and clinical predictors of discordant SFS. METHODS: Data from 235 patients who underwent vamPCNL were analysed. Patient's demographics, stones' characteristics and operative data were recorded. SFS was evaluated intraoperatively by the treating urologist (iSFS) and with non-contrast CT 3 months after vamPCNL (ctSFS). SFS was defined as no residual stones. Stone complexity was scored with the Guy's score. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to identify clinical factors associated with discordant SFS (namely iSFS not confirmed at CT). RESULTS: iSFS and ctSFS were 88.5% and 65.5%, respectively, with 54 (23%) cases resulting in discordant evaluation of SFS between the surgeon and CT imaging. Patients with discordant SFS had larger stone volume (p < 0.001), higher rate of multiple stones (p = 0.03) and higher rate of multiple calyceal groups affected by stones (p < 0.001) than those with concordant SFS. The use of flexible ureteroscopes to look for residual stones after lithotripsy was more frequently reported in cases with concordant SFS (p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that stones in > 2 calyceal groups (OR 10.2, p < 0.001), Guy's score II (OR 5.8, p < 0.01) and not using flexible ureteroscopes after lithotripsy (OR 2.9, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of discordant SFS. CONCLUSION: One out of five patients is erroneously considered SF after vamPCNL. Urologist should carefully evaluate patients with multiple calyceal stones and consider using flexible ureteroscopes to complete lapaxy of migrated fragments in order to improve their prediction of SFS.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea , Cirurgiões , Humanos , Cálculos Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/métodos , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , UrologistasRESUMO
PURPOSE: To validate the comprehensive complication index (CCI) for mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL). METHODS: Data from 287 patients who underwent mPCNL were analyzed. Complications after mPCNL were classified using both the CCI and the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC). Descriptive statistics and linear/logistic regression analyses detailed the association between clinical predictors and mPCNL outcomes. RESULTS: After mPCNL, 83 (28.9%) patients had complications, of which 12 (4.2%) patients with multiple complications had a higher CCI score compared to the traditional CDC system accounting only for the highest grade. The CCI enabled a more accurate prediction of length of stay (LOS) than CDC (CCI: r = 0.32; p < 0.01 vs. CDC: r = 0.26; p = 0.01). Patients with multiple complications had higher stone volume (p = 0.02), longer operative time and LOS (all p < 0.01). A higher rate of post-operative hospital readmission (33.3% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.02) and lower rate of stone free (33.3% vs. 64.7%, p = 0.04) were found in patients with multiple complications than in those with single complication. Linear regression analysis revealed that multiple complications were associated with longer LOS (p < 0.001) after accounting for BMI and stone volume. Similarly, having multiple complications was associated with fivefold higher risk of readmission (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The CCI is a valuable metric for assessing post-operative complications after mPCNL. The cumulative CCI is a better predictor of LOS than the CDC for mPCNL. Minor complications not captured by the highest CDC score are relevant since patients with multiple complications have longer LOS and higher rate of readmission than those with single ones.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea , Humanos , Cálculos Renais/complicações , Tempo de Internação , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Duração da Cirurgia , Readmissão do Paciente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To perform a cost analysis between vacuum-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (vmPCNL) and minimally invasive PCNL (MIP) and explore potential predictors of costs associated with the procedures. METHODS: We analyzed data from 225 patients who underwent vmPCNL or MIP at a single tertiary referral academic center between January 2016 and December 2020. We collected patients' demographics, peri-and postoperative data and detailed expense records. After propensity score matching, 108 (66.7%) vmPCNL and 54 (33.3%) MIP procedures were analyzed. Descriptive statistics assessed differences in clinical and operative parameters. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models tested the association between clinical variables and costs. RESULTS: Operative time (OT) was shorter for vmPCNL, and the use of additional instruments to complete litholapaxy was more frequent in MIP (all p ≤ 0.01). Length of stay (LOS) was longer for MIP patients (p = 0.03) and the stone-free (SF) rate was higher after vmPCNL (p = 0.04). The overall instrumentation cost was higher for vmPCNL (p < 0.001), but total procedural costs were equivalent (p = 0.9). However, the overall cost for the hospitalization was higher for MIP than vmPCNL (p = 0.01). Univariable linear regression revealed that patient's comorbidities, OT, any postoperative complication and LOS were associated with hospitalization costs (all p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that LOS and OT were associated with hospitalization costs (all p < 0.001), after accounting for vmPCNL procedure, patients' comorbidities, and complications. CONCLUSION: vmPCNL may represent a valid option due to clinical and economic benefits. Shorter OT, the lower need for disposable equipment and the lower complication rate reduced procedural and hospitalization costs.
Assuntos
Custos e Análise de Custo , Custos Hospitalares , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/economia , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/instrumentação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vácuo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the vacuum-assisted mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (vmPCNL) technique performed via the 16Ch ClearPetra sheath, to evaluate its outcomes and to analyze intrarenal pressure (IRP) fluctuations during surgery. METHODS: Data from all consecutive vmPCNL procedures from September 2017 to October 2019 were prospectively collected. Data included patients' and stones characteristics, intra and peri-operative items, post-operative complications and stone clearance. Patients undergoing vmPCNL from March to October 2019 were submitted to IRP measurement during surgery. RESULTS: A total of 122 vmPCNL procedures were performed. Median stone volume was 1.92 cm3. Median operative time was 90 min and median lithotripsy and lapaxy time was 28 min. Stone clearance rate was 71.3%. Thirty-one (25.2%) patients experienced post-operative complications, seven of which were Clavien 3. Postoperative fever occurred in nine (7.4%) patients and one (0.8%) needed a transfusion. No sepsis were observed. IRPs were measured in 22 procedures. Mean IRP was 15.3 cmH2O and median accumulative time with IRP > 40.78 cmH2O (pyelovenous backflow threshold) was 28.52 sec. Maximum IRP peaks were reached during the surgical steps when aspiration is closed (mainly pyelograms), whereas during lithotripsy and suction-mediated lapaxy, the threshold of 40.78 cmH2O was overcome in three procedures. CONCLUSIONS: vmPCNL is a safe procedure with satisfactory stone clearance rates. Mean IRP was always lower than the threshold of pyelo-venous backflow and the accumulative time with IRP over this limit was short in most of the procedures. During lithotripsy and vacuum-mediated lapaxy, IRP rarely raised over the threshold.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Rim , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/métodos , Pressão , Adulto , Idoso , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/instrumentação , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , VácuoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the opinion of urologists and their audience regarding patient safety and educational value of live surgical demonstrations (LSD) and semi-live surgical demonstrations (semi-LSD). METHODS: Following the '2017 Challenges in Endourology' meeting, a survey addressing patient safety and the educational value of LSD and semi-LSD was disseminated online to all participants. Survey outcomes of LSD and semi-LSD were compared. RESULTS: All 279 respondents attended both LSD and semi-LSD. Overall, 53% of said respondents stated that patient safety was always the highest priority for LSD, while 74% noted the same for semi-LSD. The complication risk in LSD was perceived equal by 57% of the respondents when compared to cases of similar difficulty in routine practice, while 38% perceived it as a greater risk. For semi-LSD, the complication risk was perceived equal by 84%, while 5% perceived it to be a greater risk in comparison to general practice. On a scale from 0 (no value) to 10 (highly valuable), the average educational value of LSD and semi-LSD was rated 8.4 and 8.3, respectively. A substantial percentage of the surgeons who perform LSD express concerns that live surgery is not the optimal setting to ensure patient safety. CONCLUSIONS: LSD remains a popular tool for surgical education among urologists and their audience. However, patient safety remains a concern and is perceived less of a concern for semi-LSD. The educational value of LSD and semi-LSD was scored equally high. Therefore, we should consider to advocate the use of semi-LSD more often.
Assuntos
Segurança do Paciente , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos/educação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos/métodos , Urologistas , Urologia/educação , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The superiority of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) over conventional TESE (cTESE) for men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is debated. We aimed to compare the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) of mTESE to cTESE and to identify candidates who would most benefit from mTESE in a cohort of Caucasian-European men with primary couple's infertility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 49 mTESE and 96 cTESE patients were analysed. We collected demographic and clinical data, serum levels of LH, FSH and total testosterone. Patients with abnormal karyotyping were excluded from analysis. Age was categorized according to the median value of 35 years. FSH values were dichotomized according to multiples of the normal range (N) (N and 1.5 N: 1-18 mIU/mL, and > 18 mIU/mL). Testicular histology was recorded for each patient. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses tested the impact of potential predictors on positive SRR in both groups. RESULTS: No differences were found between groups in terms of clinical and hormonal parameters with the exception of FSH values that were higher in mTESE patients (p = 0.004). SRR were comparable between mTESE and cTESE (49.0% vs. 41.7%, p = 0.40). SRRs were significantly higher after mTESE in patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) (p = 0.038), in those older than 35 years (p = 0.03) and with FSH >1.5N (p < 0.001), as compared to men submitted to cTESE. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that mTESE was independent predictor of positive SR in patients older than 35 years (p = 0.002) and with FSH > 1.5N (p = 0.018). Moreover, increased FSH levels (p = 0.03) and both SCOS (p = 0.01) and MA histology (p = 0.04) were independent predictors of SRR failure. CONCLUSIONS: Microdissection and cTESE showed comparable success rates in our cohort of patients with NOA. mTESE seems beneficial for patients older than 35 years, with high FSH values, or when SCOS can be predicted. Given the high costs associated with the mTESE approach, the identification of candidates most likely to benefit from this procedure is a major clinical need.
Assuntos
Azoospermia/cirurgia , Infertilidade Masculina/cirurgia , Microdissecção/métodos , Recuperação Espermática , Espermatozoides , Testículo/cirurgia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome de Células de Sertoli/cirurgia , Testosterona/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare intra- and post-operative outcomes of endourological live surgical demonstrations (LSDs) and routine surgical practice (RSP) for urinary stones. METHODS: Consecutive ureterorenoscopic (URS) and percutaneous (PNL) urinary stone procedures over a 5-year period were reviewed. Procedures were divided into LSDs and RSP. Differences between the groups were separately analysed for URS and PNL. Primary outcomes included intra- and post-operative complication rates and grades. Secondary outcomes were operation time, length of hospital stay, stone-free rate, and retreatment rate. Pearson's Chi-square analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic and linear regression were used to compare outcomes between LSDs and RSP. RESULTS: During the study period, we performed 666 URSs and 182 PNLs, and 151 of these procedures were LSDs. Among URSs, the overall intra-operative complication rate was 3.2% for LSDs and 2.5% for RSP (p = 0.72) and the overall post-operative complication rate was 13.7% for LSDs and 8.8% for RSP (p = 0.13). Among PNLs, the overall intra-operative complication rate was 8.9% for LSDs and 5.6% for RSP (p = 0.52) and the overall post-operative complication rate was 28.6% for LSDs and 34.9% for RSP (p = 0.40). For both URSs and PNLs, no statistically significant differences in complication grade scores were observed between LSDs and RSP. Operation time was significantly longer for LSD-URS group, but there was no difference between the PNL groups. There were no significant differences in length of hospital stay and stone-free rate. The retreatment rate was higher in the LSD-URS group compared with RSP-URS group but similar between the PNL groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusting for confounders, revealed no association between LSD and more or less favourable outcomes as compared to RSP. CONCLUSION: Live surgical demonstrations do not seem to compromise patients' safety and outcomes when performed by specialised endourologists.
Assuntos
Complicações Intraoperatórias/epidemiologia , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/educação , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Cálculos Ureterais/cirurgia , Ureteroscopia/educação , Urologia/educação , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Retratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cálculos Coraliformes/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Computed Tomography (CT) is considered the gold-standard for the pre-operative evaluation of urolithiasis. However, no Hounsfield (HU) variable capable of differentiating stone types has been clearly identified. The aim of this study is to assess the predictive value of HU parameters on CT for determining stone composition and outcomes in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). METHODS: Seventy seven consecutive cases of PCNL between 2011 and 2016 were divided into 4 groups: 40 (52%) calcium, 26 (34%) uric acid, 5 (6%) struvite and 6 (8%) cystine stones. All images were reviewed by a single urologist using abdomen/bone windows to evaluate: stone volume, core (HUC), periphery HU and their absolute difference. HU density (HUD) was defined as the ratio between mean HU and the stone's largest diameter. ROC curves assessed the predictive power of HU for determining stone composition/stone-free rate (SFR). RESULTS: No differences were found based on the viewing window (abdomen vs bone). Struvite stones had values halfway between hyperdense (calcium) and low-density (cystine/uric acid) calculi for all parameters except HUD, which was the lowest. All HU variables for medium-high density stones were greater than low-density stones (p < 0.001). HUC differentiated the two groups (cut-off 825 HU; specificity 90.6%, sensitivity 88.9%). HUD distinguished calcium from struvite (mean ± SD 51 ± 16 and 28 ± 12 respectively; p = 0.02) with high sensitivity (82.5%) and specificity (80%) at a cut-off of 35 HU/mm. Multivariate analysis revealed HUD ≥ 38.5 HU/mm to be an independent predictor of SFR (OR = 3.1, p = 0.03). No relationship was found between HU values and complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: HU parameters help predict stone composition to select patients for oral chemolysis. HUD is an independent predictor of residual fragments after PCNL and may be fundamental to categorize it, driving the imaging choice at follow-up.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Cálcio/análise , Estudos Transversais , Cistina/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Cálculos Renais/química , Cálculos Renais/classificação , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estruvita/análise , Ácido Úrico/análise , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A wide selection of both anterograde and retrograde mini-invasive procedures exist for stones' treatment. The 2016 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines still don't univocally define a best option. Our purpose is to give an overview on some European Stone Centers' customs and to compare real life clinical practice with statements of opinion leaders and Guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2015 we performed a survey in 3 step about the spread of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) techniques among EAU Section of Urolithiasis (EULIS) members. The 1st and 2nd steps dealt with the definition of EULIS urologist and department by collecting personal opinions about the endoscopic techniques. The third step was about clinical results. This paper presents data from the first two steps. RESULTS: Ninety-one people answered. Out of them, 80% are European and 42% work in Centres fully dedicated to stone treatment. In particular, 50% of responders perform more than 80 RIRS/year, 25% more than 80 PCNL/year, 48% more than 100 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL)/year. RIRS is mainly used to treat stones < 2 cm both as primary treatment and after SWL failure. 73% don't perform routine pre-stenting and 66% ordinarily use a ureteral sheath. Hospital stay for RIRS is 24h for 70% of responders. Regular PCNL is performed by 87% of the responders, MiniPCNL by 58%, Ultra-MiniPCNL by 23% and MicroPCNL by 28%. Pneumatic balloon dilation is the favourite dilation technique (49%). 37% of responders perform PCNL always in the supine position, 21% always in the prone one. Almost all the responders agree about using Mini, Ultra-Mini and MicroPCNL for 1-2 cm stones. Approximately 50% also use MiniPCNL for stones > 2 cm. CONCLUSION: our survey confirms the great heterogeneity existing in stones' treatment techniques in daily practice.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Litotripsia/métodos , Nefrostomia Percutânea/métodos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Adulto , Idoso , Europa (Continente) , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Posicionamento do Paciente , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Ureteroscopia/métodos , Urologia/métodos , Urologia/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Background: Different suction-assisted nephrostomic sheaths have been developed for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Objectives: (1) To examine PCNL techniques performed with different aspiration-assisted sheaths (Clear Petra® sheath, Superperc, SuperminiPCNL, and a miniPCNL patented sheath), with specific regard to effectiveness and safety outcomes in adult and paediatric patients; (2) to extrapolate intrarenal pressure (IRP) data during these procedures. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Relevant articles up to 8 February 2024 were included. Results: Twenty-five studies were selected, thirteen retrospective and twelve prospective. The use of four different aspirating sheaths for miniPCNL was reported: Clear Petra® sheath, Superperc, SuperminiPCNL, and a miniPCNL patented sheath. Stone free rates (SFRs) across techniques ranged from 71.3% to 100%, and complication rates from 1.5% to 38.9%. Infectious complication rates varied from 0 to 27.8% and bleeding complication rates from 0 to 8.9%. Most complications were low grade ones. The trend among studies comparing aspiration- and non-aspiration-assisted miniPCNL was towards equivalent or better SFRs and lower overall infectious and bleeding complication rates in suction techniques. Operation time was consistently lower in suction procedures, with a mean shortening of the procedural time of 19 min. Seven studies reported IRP values during suction miniPCNL. Two studies reported satisfactory SFRs and adequate safety profiles in paediatric patient cohorts. Conclusions: MiniPCNL with aspirating sheaths appears to be safe and effective in both adult and paediatric patients. A trend towards a reduction of overall infectious and bleeding complications with respect to non-suction procedures is evident, with comparable or better SFRs and consistently shorter operative times. The IRP profile seems to be safe with the aid of aspirating sheaths. However, high quality evidence on this topic is still lacking.
RESUMO
Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and its miniaturized modifications are usually considered the standard surgical options for large (>20 mm) staghorn and infected stones. Moreover, PCNL is a viable alternative to retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for smaller stones (<20 mm) in the presence of anatomical malformations or inaccessible lower pole stones. However, due to the advancements in laser and scope technology, RIRS is expanding its indications with the potential benefits of lower complications and a shorter hospital stay. Methods: A literature search using the PUBMED database from inception to June 2022 was performed to explore the current role of PCNL in endourology. The analysis involved a narrative synthesis. Results: PCNL confirmed its role in the treatment of large and complex stones; moreover, miniaturized PCNL has become more competitive, gaining space among classic indications of flexible ureteroscopy. Conclusions: considering all the evaluated subgroups, we can conclude that PCNL is an old fascinating procedure and is here to stay.