Factors Associated with the Development of Posterior Capsule Opacification Requiring Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Capsulotomy.

SIGNIFICANCE: Determining risk factors for posterior capsule opacification will allow for further interventions to reduce the risk of development and thus additional procedures. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with development of clinically significant posterior capsule opacification requiring yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) capsulotomy. METHODS: Medical records of patients (≥18 years) who underwent cataract surgery between January 1, 2011, and March 31, 2014, at Kresge Eye Institute were reviewed. Three hundred eyes requiring YAG capsulotomy up to 3 years after cataract surgery were included in the YAG capsulotomy group. Three hundred eyes not requiring YAG capsulotomy up to 3 years after cataract surgery were selected via age-matched simple randomization (control group). RESULTS: The YAG capsulotomy group included patients with younger age (65.8 ± 11.3 vs. 70.1 ± 10.6 years, P < .001), more men (42.67 vs. 34.67%, P = .04), fewer patients with hypertension (73.00 vs. 83.00%, P < .001), and more patients with hydrophilic intraocular lenses (74.67 vs. 47.00%, P < .001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a negative association between YAG capsulotomy and age (coefficient, -0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 0.98; P < .001) and hydrophobic intraocular lenses (coefficient, -1.50; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.33; P < .001), and a positive association with presence of glaucoma (coefficient, 0.88; 95% CI, 1.39 to 4.17; P = .002). Elapsed time to YAG capsulotomy was sooner in patients with a history of uveitis (95% CI, 5.10 to 9.70 months; P = .02) and insertion of hydrophilic intraocular lenses (95% CI, 18.67 to 21.57 months; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that development of visually significant posterior capsule opacification is associated with younger age, glaucoma, and hydrophilic intraocular lenses, and it occurs earlier among those with hydrophilic intraocular lenses and a history of uveitis.

Intraocular lens power calculations in short eyes using 7 formulas.

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of 7 intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas in predicting refractive outcome in eyes with axial lengths (AL) equal to or less than 22.0 mm and to evaluate factors contributing to prediction errors. SETTING: Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and private practice, Mesa, Arizona, USA. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Eighty-six eyes of 67 patients were included. Seven IOL calculation formulas were evaluated: Barrett Universal II, Haigis, Hill-RBF, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, and Olsen. The refractive prediction error was calculated as the difference between the postoperative refraction and the refraction predicted by each formula. The mean refractive prediction error and median absolute error were also calculated. RESULTS: The Hoffer Q and Holladay 2 formulas produced myopic refractive prediction errors of -0.22 diopter (D) and -0.23 D, respectively, and the Olsen formula produced a hyperopic refractive prediction error of +0.27 D (all P < .05). Without adjustment of the mean refractive prediction errors to zero, the only difference between formulas was that Hill-RBF had a statistically significantly smaller median absolute error than Hoffer Q (P < .05). With adjustment of the mean refractive prediction errors to zero, there were no statistically significant differences in the median absolute errors between the 7 formulas (P = .076). CONCLUSIONS: The Hoffer Q and Holladay 2 formulas produced slightly myopic refractive prediction errors, and the Olsen formula produced hyperopic refractive prediction errors. When the mean numerical refractive prediction error was adjusted to zero, no statistically significant differences in the median absolute error were found between the 7 formulas.