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Objective To investigate the health care-seeking behaviors of Mosuo and Pumi people.Methods The subjects were enrolled by using the multi-stage stratified random sampling method and surveyed by the self-designed questionnaire.Results To tally 1669 subjects including 1121 Mosuo people and 548 Pumi people completed the survey.When Mosuo and Pumi people suffer from ailments,they preferred to buy drugs in drugstores(47.3% for Mosuo and 46.9% for Pumi),followed by visiting a local township hospital(27.0% for Mosuo and 24.3% for Pumi).When they suffered from severe diseases,they preferred to visit the county/city/state hospital(93.4% for Mosuo and 91.1% for Pumi).The mental disease were mainly treated in the county/city/state hospitals(49.3% for Mosuo and 52.7% for Pumi);notably,39.3% of the Mosuo respondents and 31.5% of the Pumi respondents skipped this question.Conclusion Health education,including awareness-raising activities on mental health,should be enhanced in Mosuo and Pumi people to further improve their health care-seeking behaviors.
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Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , China , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of the measurement of serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations at admission with 1-year all-cause or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted in 4 stroke centers in China. Baseline GGT measurements were tested. The relationship of GGT to the risk of death from all-cause or CVD was examined among 1-year follow-up patients. RESULTS: We recorded results from 5912 patients with stroke. In those patients, 51.0% were men, and the median age was 61 years. In both men and women, high GGT was significantly associated with total mortality from all-cause or CVD (P<0.001). The elevated GGT revealed adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 3.03 (1.99-4.54) and 3.24 (2.14-4.92) for mortality from all-cause and CVD, respectively. With an area under the curve of 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.73), GGT showed a significantly greater discriminatory ability to predict all-cause mortality as compared with others factors. GGT improved the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (area under the curve of the combined model, 0.75 [95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.78]; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that GGT is independently associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Isquemia Encefálica/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Mortalidade/tendências , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangue , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Causas de Morte/tendências , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: FABP4 (fatty acid-binding protein 4) is an intracellular lipid chaperone involved in coordination of lipid transportation and atherogenesis. This study aimed at observing the effect of FABP4 on the 3-month outcomes in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: In a prospective multicenter observational study, serum concentrations of FABP4 were on admission measured in plasma of 737 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke. Serum concentrations of FABP4, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and conventional risk factors were evaluated to determine their value to predict functional outcome and mortality within 3 months. RESULTS: During follow-up, an unfavorable functional outcome was found in 260 patients (35.3%), and 94 patients (12.8%) died. In multivariate models comparing the third and fourth quartiles to the first quartile of FABP4, the concentrations of FABP4 were associated with poor functional outcome and mortality. Compared with the reference category (Q1-Q3), the concentrations of FABP4 in Q4 had a relative risk of 4.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02-8.15; P<0.001) for poor functional outcome and mortality (odds ratio, 6.15; 95% CI, 3.43-12.68) after adjusting for other significant outcome predictors in univariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver-operating characteristic curves to predict poor functional outcome and mortality demonstrated areas under the curve of FABP4 of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.75-0.82) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79-0.88), which improved the prognostic accuracy of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score with combined areas under the curve of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.89; P<0.01) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.81-0.92), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Data show that FABP4 is a novel independent prognostic marker improving the currently used risk stratification of stroke patients.
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Isquemia Encefálica/sangue , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/sangue , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Medição de Risco/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidade , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Lower heart rate variability (HRV) is known to make patients more susceptible to tachycardia and possibly sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The heart rate (HR) at which tachycardia is present may vary by age. To date, no study has been done comparing adult and child seizures at different time points. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of HR changes with ictal tachycardia (IT) seizures at different time points in adults versus children. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the changes in the HR of 99 IT seizures in children and 96 IT seizures in adults. The difference between adults and children in gender, hemispheric lateralization or sleep/wakefulness, or seizure type on the HR changes and the difference between children and adults during 10 s preictal, ictal onset, and ictal and 60 s postictal were separately assessed. RESULTS: The HR difference and maximum HR increase with aging in children. The seizure duration in adults lasted longer as compared with that in children. There are higher HR at different points and HR difference at 10 s preictal as compared to baseline in children. CONCLUSIONS: The study illustrates that age and duration were respectively related to HR differences distinguishing children from adults. There may be an age-related effect of HR changes associated with seizures, with higher HR at different times and HR difference at 10 s before seizure onset as compared to baseline in children, which might explain that children are more likely to predict epileptic seizures than adults, contributing to subclinical seizures and treatment efficiency in refractory patients.
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Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Convulsões/fisiopatologia , Taquicardia/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eletrocardiografia , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatística como Assunto , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that activates at least five known G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): LPA1-LPA5. The nervous system is a major locus for LPA1 expression. LPA has been shown to regulate neuronal proliferation, migration, and differentiation during central nervous system development as well as neuronal survival. Furthermore, deficient LPA signaling has been implicated in several neurological disorders including neuropathic pain and schizophrenia. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that results from the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The specific molecular pathways that lead to DA neuron degeneration, however, are poorly understood. The influence of LPA in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into DA neurons in vitro and LPA1 expression in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of PD in vivo were examined in the present study. LPA induced neuronal differentiation in 80.2 % of the MSC population. These MSCs developed characteristic neuronal morphology and expressed the neuronal marker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), while expression of the glial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was absent. Moreover, 27.6 % of differentiated MSCs were positive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for DA neurons. In the 6-OHDA PD rat model, LPA1 expression in the substantia nigra was significantly reduced compared to control. These results suggest LPA signaling via activation of LPA1 may be necessary for DA neuron development and survival. Furthermore, reduced LPA/LPA1 signaling may be involved in DA neuron degeneration thus contributing to the pathogenesis of PD.
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Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/fisiologia , Lisofosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/fisiopatologia , Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/metabolismo , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Fármacos do Sistema Nervoso Central/administração & dosagem , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/patologia , Feminino , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/metabolismo , Lisofosfolipídeos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/patologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Plexo Mientérico/metabolismo , Neurogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxidopamina , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/patologia , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais , Substância Negra/patologia , Substância Negra/fisiopatologia , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as worsening mental health problems and insomnia. These problems can persist for a long period, even after the pandemic. However, less is known about this topic. AIM: To analyze mental health, insomnia problems, and their influencing factors in HCWs after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted from June 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023, which was a half-year after the end of the COVID-19 emergency. Region-stratified population-based cluster sampling was applied at the provincial level for Chinese HCWs. Symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and insomnia were evaluated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Insomnia Severity Index. Factors influencing the symptoms were identified by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 2000 participants were invited, for a response rate of 70.6%. A total of 1412 HCWs [618 (43.8%) doctors, 583 (41.3%) nurses and 211 (14.9%) nonfrontline], 254 (18.0%), 231 (16.4%), and 289 (20.5%) had symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, respectively; severe symptoms were found in 58 (4.1%), 49 (3.5%), and 111 (7.9%) of the participants. Nurses, female sex, and hospitalization for COVID-19 were risk factors for anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms; moreover, death from family or friends was a risk factor for insomnia symptoms. During the COVID-19 outbreak, most [1086 (76.9%)] of the participating HCWs received psychological interventions, while nearly all [994 (70.4%)] of them had received public psychological education. Only 102 (7.2%) of the HCWs received individual counseling from COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Although the mental health and sleep problems of HCWs were relieved after the COVID-19 pandemic, they still faced challenges and greater risks than did the general population. Identifying risk factors would help in providing targeted interventions. In addition, although a major proportion of HCWs have received public psychological education, individual interventions are still insufficient.
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OBJECT: The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine the clinical characteristics and the prognosis of the spinal meningioma in childhood (under 18 years of age) based on the treatment at our institution. METHODS: Ten spinal meningioma cases in children were treated during the last 9 years. The clinical data was retrospectively analyzed and the results were compared with those in the literature. RESULTS: The series included eight males and two females and the mean age was 13.2 years. The most common initial symptoms were pain (6/10) and the common signs were limb weakness (4/10) and gait disturbance (2/10) and distal paresthesia (1/10) and bladder disturbance (1/10). Four patients had other clinical signs of neurofibromatosis type II (NF-2) such as tumors elsewhere. All the tumors were located in cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Resection according to Simpson Grade I (6/10), II (2/10), III (1/10), and IV (1/10) were performed. Grade II meningiomas accounted for 3/10 in this series. All patients were followed up with mean follow-up period of 43 months. Seven patients had recurrence of the tumor in that period and one had died. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal meningioma is an uncommon pediatric neoplasm and has a poor prognosis. It has a male predominance and is inclined to be associated with NF-2, and those that are associated with higher pathologic subtypes and NF-2 have more unfavorable outcome. Every effort should be made to achieve total removal which may decrease the incidence of recurrence.
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Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Meningioma/patologia , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/patologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Avaliação de Estado de Karnofsky , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirurgia , Meningioma/cirurgia , Gradação de Tumores , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare, spindle-cell benign mesenchymal neoplasm and has a high recurrence rate. In this study, we reviewed our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of 24 patients with central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors. METHODS: Clinical data were retrieved from the medical records. Prognosis was assessed by clinic service and telephone interview. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry for CD34, CD99, EMA, HMB-45, Bcl-2, vimentin, GFAP, S-100, MBP, CK and MIB-1 was performed in all cases. Distributions of time to progression and recurrence were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The 24 patients included 13 men and 11 women with a median age of 49.0 years. The most frequent initial symptoms were headache, dizziness, unstable walk and hearing loss. The most common location was cerebellar pontine angle (n = 6). Surgery reached gross total removal for 18 patients but subtotal removal for six patients on initial operation. Histopathologic examination showed spindle to oval cells were disposed in wavy fascicles between prominent, eosinophilic bands of collagen. Dense bands of collagen appeared in cross section as minute nodules that separated individual tumor cells. Cellular areas with a partial hemangiopericytoma pattern were noted in six cases. Atypical presentations were shown on initial operation in three cases. CD34, CD99 and vimentin were 100% positive; but EMA, CK, MBP, HBM-45 and GRAP were 100% negative. The positive in Bcl-2, RF and S-100 was 89%, 85% and 26%, respectively. Follow-up information was available for 23 patients. The median follow-up period was 36.0 months. Nine patients recurred and one patient died from the progression. Incomplete surgical resection was significantly associated with recurrence (p = 0.010). MIB-1 labeling index in recurrence was higher than in no recurrence (6.0% versus 3.4%, p = 0.029). All treated with subtotal removal only had subsequent tumor recurrence or progression; however, the two patients who were administered adjuvant radiosurgery after subtotal removal did not recur or progress. Adjuvant radiosurgery seemed to improve the prognosis (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor with a propensity to recur. The most affected area is the cerebellopontine angle. Immunohistochemistry should be used to differentiate solitary fibrous tumor from other tumors. The extent of resection, MIB-1 labeling index and some anaplastic features might be predictive for recurrence. Postoperative radiosurgery might be an option in incompletely resected solitary fibrous tumor. Regular and long-term follow-up remains mandatory to monitor recurrence.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Tumores Fibrosos Solitários/patologia , Antígeno 12E7 , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antígenos CD/análise , Antígenos CD34/análise , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/análise , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/química , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína Básica da Mielina/análise , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/química , Prognóstico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/análise , Proteínas S100/análise , Tumores Fibrosos Solitários/química , Vimentina/análise , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Studies have extensively focused on the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury but not much on the specific role of miR-20a. Hence, this study is purposed to decipher whether miR-20a could regulate cadherin 1 (CDH1) to affect cerebral I/R injury in rats. Rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) was established. Rats were injected with lentiviral solution containing miR-20a inhibitor, or overexpressed CDH1 or combined depleted miR-20a and CDH1 to explore their roles in cerebral I/R injury. Oxidative stress-related factors, miR-20a, CDH1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and Nestin expression in brain tissues were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. The target relation between miR-20a and CDH1 was predicted by online website and further confirmed by luciferase activity assay. In rats with cerebral I/R injury, increased miR-20a and decreased CDH1 were found in brain tissues. Reduction of miR-20a or elevation of CDH1 attenuated behavior function in MCAO rats. Inhibiting miR-20a or restoring CDH1 restrained oxidative stress, attenuated pathological damage of neurons, promoted neuron survival, and down-regulated NF-κB and Nestin expression in brain tissues of MCAO rats. CDH1 was determined to a target gene of miR-20a. This study elucidates that down-regulating miR-20a elevates CDH1 to protect neurons from cerebral I/R injury, which paves a new way for treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Caderinas/genética , Regulação para Baixo/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/genética , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/genética , Masculino , NF-kappa B/genética , Neurônios/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Regulação para Cima/genéticaRESUMO
Irisin was discovered as a PGC-1a-activated messenger of myocytes that links sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and diabetes. In this study, we investigated the short-term prognostic value of early measurement of irisin concentration in 1530 Han Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from three stroke centers. The subjects were the first-ever AIS patients who were hospitalized at three stroke centers during the period from January 2015 to December 2016. Clinical information and stroke severity were collected at admission. Neurological evaluations were conducted at the 6-month follow-up. Serum levels of irisin, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and conventional risk factors were evaluated to determine their value to predict functional outcome and mortality within 6 months. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. During follow-up, a poor functional outcome was found in 588 patients (38.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 36.0-40.9%), and 325 patients died (21.2%; 95% CI, 19.2-23.3%). The stroke patients included in the study were divided into four groups according to irisin quartiles (first is the lowest level). Poor outcome across the irisin quartiles ranged from 54.5% (first quartile) to 21.7% (fourth quartile), and mortality rate ranged from 39.3% (first quartile) to 6.3% (fourth quartile). In a multivariate model using the first quartile (Q1) of irisin vs. Q2-Q4 together with the clinical variables, the marker displayed prognostic information and increased odds ratios of poor outcome by 58% (OR for Q1, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.12-2.43]) and mortality by 185% (OR for Q1, 2.85 [95% CI, 1.79-4.02]). In addition, a model containing known risk factors plus irisin compared with a model containing known risk factors without irisin showed a greater discriminatory ability to predict poor outcome (the area under the curve (AUC) with an increase from 0.73 to 0.75 [95% CI, 0.70-0.81]) and mortality (the AUC increased from 0.80 to 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78-0.87]). Irisin is a novel, independent prognostic marker improving currently used risk stratification of stroke patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this association, which may pave the way to new therapeutic options. Trial registration: ChiCTR-OPC- 17013501.
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Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Fibronectinas/metabolismo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/metabolismo , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Índices de Gravidade do TraumaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by exploring the correlation between death and plasma concentrations of copeptin and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in a cohort study. METHODS: In a prospective, multicenter observational study of 4,215 patients with AIS, copeptin and NT-proBNP levels were measured with a standardized method when patients were admitted to hospital. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality within 1 year. RESULTS: During a follow-up period, 906 patients (20.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18.9-21.2) died, including 589 cases of CVD mortality (13.1%, 95% CI 12.1-14.0). With the use of a multivariate analysis, both markers were found to have prognostic value in the same model (CVD mortality: odds ratio [OR] for fourth quartile of copeptin and NT-proBNP 1.68 and 2.58, 95% CI 1.22-2.49 and 1.76-4.05, respectively; all-cause mortality: OR for fourth quartile of copeptin and NT-proBNP 1.48 and 2.47, 95% CI 1.22-2.03 and 1.68-3.95, respectively). In a receiver operating characteristics analysis of CVD mortality, the area under the curve varied from 0.80 to 0.83 (95% CI 0.79-0.87) when the index of NT-proBNP was added and increased to 0.86 (95% CI 0.83-0.90) when both markers were added. CONCLUSIONS: Copeptin and NT-proBNP may be useful independent prognostic markers of all-cause or CVD mortality in Chinese patients with AIS.
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Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Glicopeptídeos/sangue , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Biomarcadores/sangue , Isquemia Encefálica/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , China , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangueAssuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Meningioma/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Meníngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirurgia , Meningioma/diagnóstico , Meningioma/metabolismo , Meningioma/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucina-1/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Vimentina/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Based on the reducing capacity of zero valent iron, the study investigated the behavior of dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene by bimetals synthetized using Fe with Ag, Pb or Cu as catalysts, respectively. The results showed that bimetals could dechlorinate HCB faster than Fe(0) did, the optimal ratios of Ag/Fe, Pb/Fe and Cu/Fe were 0.2%, 0.5% and 1%. After reacting 2 hours, the dechlorination rates of HCB by Ag/Fe, Pb/Fe and Cu/Fe were 93.5%, 88.5% and 49.6% respectively. The catalyst metal distribution had a great effect on the reductive dechlorination capacity of the bimetal systems, due to more galvanic cells produced by well-distributed catalyst metal and iron. Increasing the amount of bimetal was an effective way to promote HCB dechlorination rate, 88.6% HCB was degraded in 2 h by 0.8 g Pb/Fe while only 38.3% HCB was degraded by 0.1 g Pb/Fe. Besides, HCB dechlorination could be enhanced a little with increasing ionic strength, the HCB dechlorination rates were 93.5%, 98.0% and 98.9% respectively with Na2SO4 concentration at 0, 0.05 and 0.5 mol x L(-1).
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Poluentes Ambientais/isolamento & purificação , Hexaclorobenzeno/isolamento & purificação , Ferro/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Catálise , Cobre/química , Poluentes Ambientais/química , Halogenação , Hexaclorobenzeno/química , Chumbo/química , Prata/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in children and young adults worldwide. Therefore, we investigated the role of AG490 in regulating brain oedema, expression of CD40 and neurological function after TBI. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats (n = 240) were randomly divided into a sham operation group, TBI+saline group and TBI+AG490 (JAK/STAT inhibitor) group. Members of each group were euthanized at 6, 12, 24 or 72 hours after injury. Neurological severity score (NSS) was used to evaluate the severity of neurological damage. Brain water was quantitated by wet/dry weight method. The expression of CD40 was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: In both the TBI+saline group and the TBI+AG490 group, the brain water content was elevated after TBI, reached a peak at 24-hour and remained high for the rest of the period investigated; the expression of CD40 reached a peak 24 hours after TBI; the NSS was elevated after TBI and then decreased after 6 hours. Elevations in the level of CD40, degree of brain edema and NSS after TBI were significantly reduced in TBI+AG490 group. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway reduces brain oedema, decreases the expression of CD40 and exerts neuroprotective effects after TBI.
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Lesões Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Tirfostinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Edema Encefálico/metabolismo , Antígenos CD40/análise , Citometria de Fluxo , Janus Quinases/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de Transcrição STAT/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate mechanisms behind the faster rehabilitation of limb fractures when associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were divided into TBI group and sham-operation group for four studies as follows: (1) blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were drawn on days 1, 3, and 7 to demonstrate changes in serum leptin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and CSF leptin; (2) bone defection was created by drilling in the tibial bone and either leptin or normal saline was injected into rabbit's cerebellomedullary cistern. X-ray was taken at 1 days, 2 weeks, and 5 weeks and evaluated by criteria to determine rate of bone healing; (3) FITC-labeled rabbit leptin was injected into TBI and sham-operation groups, and frozen sections of rabbit brain were observed to identify differences in central nervous system (CNS) leptin by fluorescence; (4) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of leptin production by brain tissue. RESULTS: Serum and CSF leptin, GH, and IGF-1 concentrations were found to be higher in the TBI group than the sham-operation group at days 1, 3, and 7 (P<0·05). CSF leptin of the TBI group was positively correlated with serum leptin on day 1 (P<0·05), and positively correlated with GH and IGF-1 on days 3 and 7 (P<0·05). X-ray criteria demonstrated that leptin administration caused significantly faster healing calluses at 3 and 5 weeks as compared to control animals (P<0·05). FITC-labeled leptin study demonstrated that TBI animals had stronger expression of leptin in the brain than sham-operated animals. However, PCR of brain tissue leptin showed no significant differences between TBI and sham-operated animals in the expression of leptin. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that increased CSF leptin, likely from blood-brain barrier breakdown, combined with elevated serum GH and IGF-1 after TBI, leads to accelerated fracture healing.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Consolidação da Fratura/efeitos dos fármacos , Leptina/farmacologia , Leptina/uso terapêutico , Fraturas da Tíbia/complicações , Fraturas da Tíbia/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Lesões Encefálicas/sangue , Lesões Encefálicas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Leptina/sangue , Leptina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Masculino , Coelhos , Fraturas da Tíbia/sangue , Fraturas da Tíbia/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although traumatic brain injury can lead to opening the blood-brain barrier and leaking of blood substances (including water) into brain tissue, few studies of brain antigens leaking into the blood and the pathways have been reported. Brain antigens result in damage to brain tissues by stimulating the immune system to produce anti-brain antibodies, but no treatment has been reported to reduce the production of anti-brain antibodies and protect the brain tissue. The aim of the study is to confirm the relationship between immune injury and arachnoid granulations following traumatic brain injury, and provide some new methods to inhibit the immune injury. METHODS: In part one, methylene blue was injected into the rabbits' cisterna magna after traumatic brain injury, and concentrations of methylene blue and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood were detected to determine the permeability of arachnoid granulations. In part two, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and immature dendritic cells were injected into veins, and concentrations of interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß, anti-brain antibodies (ABAb), and IL-12 were measured by ELISA on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 after injury, and the numbers of leukocytes in the blood were counted. Twenty-one days after injury, expression of glutamate in brain tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining, and neuronal degeneration was detected by H&E staining. RESULTS: In part one, blood concentrations of methylene blue and TNF-α in the traumatic brain injury group were higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). Concentrations of methylene blue and TNF-α in the trauma cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) injected group were higher than in the control cerebrospinal fluid injected group (P < 0.05). In part two, concentrations of IL-1, IFN-γ, ABAb, IL-12, expression of glutamate (Glu), neuronal degeneration and number of peripheral blood leukocytes were lower in the group with cell treatment compared to the control group. IL-10 and TGF-ß were elevated compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic brain injury can lead to stronger arachnoid granulations (AGs) permeability; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and immature dendritic cells can induce immune tolerance and reduce inflammation and anti-brain antibodies to protect the brain tissue.
Assuntos
Antígenos/metabolismo , Lesões Encefálicas/metabolismo , Adipócitos/citologia , Animais , Antígenos/sangue , Lesões Encefálicas/sangue , Lesões Encefálicas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Interleucina-1/sangue , Interleucina-1/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-10/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Interleucina-12/sangue , Interleucina-12/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Azul de Metileno/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/citologia , Coelhos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in cerebral ischemia. Although the mechanistic basis for this activation of JNK1/2 is uncertain, oxidative stress may play a role. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the activation of JNK1/2 is associated with the production of endogenous nitric oxide (NO). METHODS: Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) was induced by cerebral four-vessel occlusion. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 6 groups: sham group, I/R group, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor (7-nitroindazole, 7-NI) given group, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor (2-amino-5,6-dihydro-methylthiazine, AMT) given group, sodium chloride control group, and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group. The levels of protein expression and phospho-JNK1/2 were detected by Western blotting and the survival hippocampus neurons in CA1 zone were observed by cresyl violet staining. RESULTS: The study illustrated two peaks of JNK1/2 activation occurred at 30 minutes and 3 days during reperfusion. 7-NI inhibited JNK1/2 activation during the early reperfusion, whereas AMT preferably attenuated JNK1/2 activation during the later reperfusion. Administration of 7-NI and AMT can decrease I/R-induced neuronal loss in hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSION: JNK1/2 activation is associated with endogenous NO in response to ischemic insult.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/enzimologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 8 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 9 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Hipocampo/citologia , Indazóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
The magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation of Fe(3+) and Fe(2+) with an aqueous NaOH solution. The Fe(3)O(4)/polyaniline (PANI) magnetic composite nanoparticles with a core-shell structure with a diameter of 30-50 nm were prepared via an in situ polymerization of aniline in an aqueous solution containing the Fe(3)O(4) magnetic fluid. The inductive heat property of Fe(3)O(4)/PANI composite nanoparticles in an alternating current (ac) magnetic field was investigated. The potential of Fe(3)O(4)/PANI nanoparticles was evaluated for localized hyperthermia treatment of cancers. The saturation magnetization, M(s), and coercivity, H(c), are 50.05 emu g(-1) and 137 Oe for Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles and 26.34 emu g(-1) and 0 Oe for Fe(3)O(4)/PANI composite nanoparticles, respectively. Exposed in the ac magnetic field for 29 min, the temperatures of physiological saline suspensions containing Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles or Fe(3)O(4)/PANI composite nanoparticles are 63.6 degrees C and 52.4 degrees C, respectively. The Fe(3)O(4)/PANI composite nanoparticles would be useful as good thermoseeds for localized hyperthermia treatment of cancers.
Assuntos
Compostos Férricos/química , Compostos Férricos/uso terapêutico , Hipotermia Induzida/instrumentação , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Teste de Materiais , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Campos Eletromagnéticos , Compostos Férricos/efeitos da radiação , Temperatura Alta , Nanopartículas/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Caveolin-1 is regulated by estrogen in vascular smooth muscle cells. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator that possibly has cardioprotective properties without an increased risk of cancer or other side effects of estrogen, may be used in women with risk of coronary artery disease. However, the relationship between raloxifene and caveolin-1 is still unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to see whether raloxifene regulates caveolin-1 expression and if so, whether such regulation is mediated by estrogen receptor. Rat aortic smooth muscle cells were cultured in the absence or presence of raloxifene (10(8-) to 10(6-) M) for 12 or 24 h. Both mRNA and protein levels of caveolin-1 were increased significantly after 24 h treatment with raloxifene. These increases were inhibited by estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 (10(5-) M). Results of this study suggest that raloxifene stimulates caveolin-1 transcription and translation through estrogen receptor mediated mechanisms.
Assuntos
Cardiotônicos/farmacologia , Caveolina 1/biossíntese , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/farmacologia , Moduladores Seletivos de Receptor Estrogênico/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta/citologia , Células Cultivadas , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Fulvestranto , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Estrogênio/agonistas , Receptores de Estrogênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Estrogênio/fisiologiaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations of sellar region of children and adolescents with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one PSIS cases were selected from February 2001 to August 2010 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. MRI images were collected to calculate the volume and coronary area of the pituitary based on its measured height, width, and anteroposterior diameter. The results of the measurement were retrospectively analyzed together with clinical data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients in this study included 28 males and 3 females, aged 16.5∓3.8 years (range, 6~25 years). MRI images showed pituitary stalk rupture associated with ectopic posterior pituitary in 16 cases, significantly thinner or unclear pituitary stalk in 15 cases, in which 7 cases were found with vacuole turcica. All the 31 patients presented with reduced pituitary volume and dysfunction of anterior pituitary.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PSIS may show pituitary stalk interruption with ectopic posterior, thinning or unclear of pituitary stalk, and with a variety of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency.</p>