Base-promoted [4 + 2] annulation of pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde derivatives with ß,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters: syntheses of 5,6-dihydroindolizines.

A base-promoted [4 + 2] annulation of pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde derivatives with ß,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters for the syntheses of multisubstituted 5,6-dihydroindolizines was developed. Using DBN as a base, the reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions to provide the target products in moderate to high yields, and many useful functional groups can be tolerated.

Effect of Shao's five-needle therapy pretreatment on airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats based on ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway. / 基于ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3通路探讨"邵氏五针法"é¢„å¤„ç†å¯¹å“®å–˜å¤§é¼ æ°”é“ç‚Žæ€§ååº”çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the possible mechanism of Shao's five-needle therapy pretreatment on relieving airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats. METHODS: Forty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an acupuncture group, and a medication group, with 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, asthma model was established by aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin in the other 3 groups. The rats in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at "Dazhui" (GV 14) and bilateral "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Fengmen" (BL 12), with each session lasting for 20 min. Acupuncture was given before each motivating, once daily for 7 consecutive days. The rats in the medication group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution before each motivating, once daily for 7 days. General situation of the rats was observed in each group; ELISA method was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-18 in serum; immunofluorescence staining method was performed to assess the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung tissues; Western blot method was used to measure the protein expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and Caspase-1 in lung tissues. RESULTS: The rats in the blank group exhibited normal behavior, while those in the model group showed signs of respiratory distress, ear scratching, cheek rubbing, and dysphoria. Compared with the model group, the rats in the acupuncture group and the medication group showed stable respiration and relatively agile responses. Compared with those in the blank group, the serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1ß were elevated (P<0.01), the expression intensity of ROS was increased, and the protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in lung tissues were increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with those in the model group, the serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1ß were reduced (P<0.01), the expression intensity of ROS was lowered, and the protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in lung tissues were reduced (P<0.01) in the acupuncture group and the medication group. Compared with the medication group, the protein expression of ASC in lung tissue was reduced in the acupuncture group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment of Shao's five-needle therapy could alleviate airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats by reducing ROS levels and decreasing the aggregation and activation of pathway-related proteins in the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway, ultimately leading to decreased secretion of IL-1ß and IL-18. This mechanism may contribute to the effectiveness of Shao's five-needle therapy in preventing and treating asthma.

Brønsted acid catalyzed remote C6 functionalization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles with ß,γ-unsaturated α-ketoester.

A metal-free catalytic approach for the remote C6-functionalization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles has been developed. In the presence of catalytic amounts of Brønsted acid, the ß,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters react with 2,3-disubstituted indoles at the C6 position selectively. Under mild reaction conditions, a range of C6-functionalized indoles were prepared with good yields and excellent regioselectivity. This methodology provides a concise and efficient route for the synthesis of C6-functionalized indole derivatives.

[Professor SHAO Jing-ming's clinical experience of fire needling for surgical diseases].

Professor SHAO Jing-ming's clinical experience of fire needling for bone-joint tuberculosis, tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, ganglion cyst and thyrophyma is summarized. Professor SHAO used fire needling to treat bone-joint tuberculosis. The acupoints included ashi points and nearby acupoints, particularly local opposite acupoints (Neixiyan [EX-LE 4] and Dubi [ST 35], Yinlingquan [SP 9] and Yanglingquan [GB 34], Xuehai [SP 10] and Liangqiu [ST 34]), and for the patients with severe yin-cold syndrome, Yanghe decoction was additionally used. For tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, fire needling was used at different stages. In the early stage, the nucleus was punctured with fire needling; in the middle stage, the pustule was punctured with fire needling combined with cupping; in the late stage, the fire needling was inserted into the fistula or sinus tract, and the surrounding granulation tissue was treated with horizontal penetrating needling. For ganglion cyst, fire needling combined with centro-square needling was applied. For thyrophyma, the surrounding needling with filiform was used; for simple thyroid mass and thyroid nodule, the surrounding needling with fire needling was used.

Palladium-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Reaction of Alkylidenecyclopropanes with ß,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketoesters: Ligand-Controlled Divergent Synthesis.

A palladium-catalyzed ligand-controlled selective 1,4-addition and cycloaddition reaction of ß,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters with alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) has been developed. Using ACPs and ß,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters as starting materials, γ-dienyl-α-ketoesters and dihydro-2H-pyrans could be prepared selectively by modulating the ligand. A range of multisubstituted α-ketoesters and dihydro-2H-pyrans were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with excellent regioselectivities.

[Effect of acupuncture preconditioning combined with PI3K blocker LY294002 on airway inflammation in asthmatic rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture preconditioning combined with PI3K blocker LY294002 on the expression of PI3K and Akt proteins and genes in the lung tissue and the contents of serum IL-12 and IL-13 in asthmatic rats, so as to explore its preprotective mechanism underlying improving asthma. METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control, model, acupuncture pretreatment + blank, acupuncture pretreatment, acupuncture pretreatment + LY294002 and LY294002 groups (n=10 in each group). The asthma model was established by intraperitoneal injection of mixture solution of OVA and Al(OH)3 and followed inhalation of 1%OVA for 30 min, once daily for 7 days. Rats of the blocker groups received inhalation of atomized LY294002 solution for 30 min before inhalation of 1% OVA, and acupuncture was applied to "Feishu"(BL13), "Dazhui"(GV14) and "Fengmen"(BL12) for 20 min, once daily for 7 days before modeling. H.E. staining was used to assess histopathological changes of the lung tissue, and ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum IL-12 and IL-13. The immunoactivity of PI3K and Akt and expression of Akt mRNA of the lung tissue were detected by using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR, separately. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the content of serum IL-12 was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the content of serum IL-13, the expression levels of PI3K, Akt protein and Akt mRNA were remarkably increased (P<0.01) in the model group. In comparison with the model group, the content of serum IL-12 in the pretreatment, pretreatment + LY294002 and LY294002 groups was significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the content of IL-13 and the expression levels of PI3K, Akt protein and Akt mRNA were considerably decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the acupuncture pretreatment, acupuncture pretreatment+LY294002 and LY294002 groups. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture pretreatment+LY294002 was obviously superior to that of simple acupuncture pretreatment and LY294002 (except PI3K and Akt in the LY294002 group) in up-regulating serum IL-12 level, and in down-regulating serum IL-13, and PI3K and Akt protein levels in the lung tissue (P<0.01). H.E. staining showed severe inflammatory factor infiltration in the bronchus and pulmonary interstitium, and obvious bronchial lumen narrowing with increased exudate in rats of the model group, which was relatively milder in rats of the acupuncture pretreatment, acupuncture pretreatment+LY294002 and LY294002 groups. There were no significant diffe-rences between blank control and pretreatment+blank groups in all of the above indicators （P>0.05）. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture preconditioning can inhibit airway inflammation in asthmatic rats, which may be associated with its functions in down-regulating the levels of pulmonary PI3K and Akt and serum IL-13 and up-regulating the content of serum IL-12. Acupuncture preconditioning combined with LY294002 has the best effect.