[Identification and visual analysis of ginsenosides in multi-steamed roots of Panax quinquefolium based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and MALDI-MSI].

This study aims to investigate the component variations and spatial distribution of ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium roots during repeated steaming and drying. Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to identify the ginsenosides in the root extract. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI) was employed to visualize the spatial distribution and spatiotemporal changes of prototype ginsenosides and metabolites in P. quinquefolium roots. The UPLC results showed that 90 ginsenosides were identified during the steaming process of the roots, and polar ginsenosides were converted into low polar or non-polar ginsenosides. The content of prototype ginsenosides decreased, while that of rare ginsenosides increased, which included 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rg_3, 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rh_2, and ginsenosides Rk_1, Rg_5, Rs_5, and Rs_4. MALDI-MSI results showed that ginsenosides were mainly distributed in the epidermis and phloem. As the steaming times increased, ginsenosides were transported to the xylem and medulla. This study provides fundamental information for revealing the changes of biological activity and pharmacological effect of P. quinquefolium roots that are caused by repeated steaming and drying and gives a reference for expanding the application scope of this herbal medicine.

Burden and trend of ischemic heart disease and colorectal cancer attributable to a diet low in fiber in China, 1990-2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

PURPOSE: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased in China. However, the contribution of dietary risks to the NCD burden has not been evaluated. This study aimed to estimate the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) attributable to a diet low in fiber in China from 1990 to 2017. METHODS: China data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 were used to assess the age-, sex-, and province-specific mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of IHD and CRC related to a diet low in fiber. RESULTS: In 2017, a diet low in fiber contributed 170,143 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 99,623-256,806] IHD deaths and 25,561 (95% UI: 13,726-39,215) CRC deaths, with the population attributable fractions (PAFs) were 9.7 and 13.7%, respectively. Males had higher risk-attributable mortality and DALY rates for IHD and CRC than females. An upward trend with age in rates of mortality and DALY was observed. All-age risk-attributable mortality and DALY rates increased significantly by 111.4 and 53.2% for IHD, and 94.4 and 59.6% for CRC from 1990 to 2017, respectively; however, the corresponding age-standardized rates for IHD and CRC showed relatively stable trends. Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia were ranked as the top three provinces in terms of total risk-attributable NCD burden in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: China has a large and growing NCD burden attributable to a diet low in fiber. Greater priority in disease prevention and control should be given to male and older adults throughout China, particularly in some western provinces.

Amelioratory effect of neoandrographolide on myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury by its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of neoandrographolide (Neo) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) models and explore its possible mechanism. We randomly and equally divided male mice into sham-operation, I/R, and I/R + Neo groups. H9C2 cell line and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were induced into the simulated I/R's status and used to further validate the Neo's role in vitro. Heart systolic function, indexes of myocardial injury (IMI), infarct size, pathological change, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, and indexes related to apoptotic and NF-κB signaling pathways were analyzed in vivo or in vitro after the Neo treatment. Compared to the I/R group, Neo significantly suppressed IMI, infarct size, inflammatory cell infiltration, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, bax, cleaved caspase-3, P-IKBa, and P-NF-κB protein expressions, and the translocation of NF-kB subunit p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in vivo or in vitro. Still, ejected fraction, fractional shortening, and the bcl-2 protein expression were notably increased after the Neo treatment. Neo could be developed into a new drug for treating myocardial I/R by inhibiting myocardial inflammation and apoptosis, which was closely related to suppressing the activation of bax/bcl-2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Hospital-Based Study of the Frequency and Risk Factors of Stroke Recurrence in Two Years in China.

BACKGROUND: Stroke causes death and disability throughout the world and recurrent stroke events are more likely to be disabling or fatal. We conducted a hospital-based study to investigate the frequency and influence factors of stroke recurrence in China. METHODS: Data from patients hospitalized with stroke between January 2007 and December 2010 of 109 tertiary hospitals in China were used. Stroke recurrence and associated factors were ascertained. The zero-inflated model was used to evaluate the factors of recurrence. RESULTS: Of 101,926 discharged patients, the cumulative 2-year stroke recurrence rate was 3.80% for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 5.31% for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and 8.71% for ischemic stroke (IS), respectively. Among patients with stroke recurrence, 54.11% with SAH, 60.42% with ICH, and 92.92% with IS relapsed for the same type of the first-onset stroke. For discharged patients with SAH with middle cerebral artery aneurysm clipping or artery aneurysm embolization, it was less likely to stroke relapse, but the times of recurrence would increase if 1 recurrence appeared. Cerebral artery aneurysms and hypertension were risk factors for recurrence frequency. For ICH, protective factors for recurrence were trepanation and drainage of intracranial hematoma, cerebral angiography, puncture and drainage of intracranial hematoma, and length of stay (LOS). But rheumatic heart disease and atrial fibrillation would further the relapse frequency. For IS, age and LOS were protective factors, but recurrence frequency would increase if the first recurrence happened. Cervical spondylopathy, male gender, and diabetes were risk factors for frequency of relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Associated factors were different for recurrence frequency among different stroke types.

[Risk factors for allergic diseases in children aged 0-24 months in the Wuhu urban area, Anhui Province, China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of allergic diseases in children aged 0-24 months in the Wuhu urban area of Anhui Province and risk factors for allergic diseases. METHODS: Cluster random sampling was performed to select 600 children aged 0-24 months and their mothers from the Wuhu urban area, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data of disease history, family history, mothers' conditions during pregnancy, and child-rearing situation. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for such data. RESULTS: Among the 597 children included in the analysis, 56 (9.4%) were diagnosed with allergic diseases in the past. The univariate analysis showed that the age, use of antipyretic and analgesic drugs, a history of allergy in the father or grandparents, and the consumption of fish, shrimps, crabs, and shellfish during pregnancy were significantly associated with past allergic diseases (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age and a history of allergy in the father or grandparents were positively associated with past allergic diseases (OR=4.0-4.9, 2.7, and 2.4 respectively; P<0.05), while frequent consumption of fish, shrimps, crabs, and shellfish during pregnancy was negatively associated with past allergic diseases (OR=0.3; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A family history of allergy is an independent risk factor for allergic diseases in children aged 0-24 months in the Wuhu urban area of Anhui Province, while frequent consumption of fish, shrimps, crabs, and shellfish during pregnancy is a protective factor.

[Application of ICP-MS to Detect Rare Earth Elements in Three Economic Macroalgaes in China].

In order to investigate the content and distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in main economic macroalgaes in our country, fifteen rare earth elements in three economic macroalgaes (including 30 samples of kelp, 30 samples of laver and 15 samples of Enteromorpha) were detected using ICP-MS method. Results showed that the total content of REE in different species of macroalgaes was different. The highest total content of REE was in Enteromorpha (16,012.0 ng · g⁻¹), while in kelp and laver, the total REE was similar for two macroalgaes (3887.4 and 4318.1 ng · g⁻¹ respectively). The content of fifteen rare earth elements in kelp ranged from 7.9 to 1496.4 ng · g⁻¹; in laver, it ranged from 8.2 to 1836.6 ng · g⁻¹. For Enteromorpha, the concentration of 15 rare earth elements were between 19.2 and 6014.5 ng · g⁻¹. In addition, the content and distribution of different rare earth elements in different macroalgaes was also different. For kelp, the highest content of REE was Ce (1 496.4 ng · g⁻¹), and the second was La (689.1 ng · g⁻¹). For laver, the highest was Y (1836.6 ng · g⁻¹), and the second was Ce (682.2 ng · g⁻¹). For Enteromorpha, the highest was Ce (6014.5 ng · g⁻¹), and the second was La (2902.9 ng · g⁻¹). Present results also showed that three macroalgaes accumulated the light rare earth elements much more than the high rare earth elements. The light rare earth elements occupied 90.9%, 87.3% and 91.1% for kelp, laver and Enteromorpha respectively. The result that the Enteromorpha had high content of rare earth elements could provide important support for opening new research directions for the utilization of Enteromorpha.

Facile synthesis of hydroxylated triazine-based magnetic microporous organic network for ultrahigh adsorption of phenylurea herbicides: An experimental and density-functional theory study.

Microporous organic networks (MONs) are highly porous materials that are particularly useful in analytical chemistry. However, the use of these materials is often limited by the functional groups available on their surface. Here, we described the polymerization of a sea urchin-like structure material at ambient temperature, that was functionalized with hydroxyl, carboxyl, and triazine groups and denoted as OH-COOH-MON-TEPT. A substantial proportion of OH-COOH-MON-TEPT was intricately decorated EDA-Fe3O4, creating a well-designed configuration (EDA-Fe3O4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC) for superior adsorption of the target analytes phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) via magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The proposed method showed remarkably low limits of detection ranging from 0.03 to 0.22 ng·L-1. Experimental investigations and theoretical analyses unveiled the adsorption mode between EDA-Fe3O4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC and PUHs. These findings establish a robust foundation for potential applications of EDA-Fe3O4 @OH-COOH-MON-TEPT-EDC in the analysis of various polar contaminants.

Single-incision versus conventional laparoscopy for colorectal disease: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) was developed as a novel minimally invasive surgical approach. AIMS: The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare SILS and conventional laparoscopy (CL) for colorectal diseases with respect to perioperative and oncologic outcomes. METHODS: An electronic search was performed to retrieve all relevant articles published in the English language between 2008 and 2012 comparing SILS and CL for colorectal diseases. The data were analyzed with fixed-effect or random-effects models using review manager version 5.0. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies (one randomized controlled trial and 13 nonrandomized controlled trials) were found to be eligible and reported on 1,155 subjects, of whom 521 underwent SILS and 634 underwent CL for colorectal diseases. Concerning the perioperative outcomes, no differences were observed in conversion rate, operating time, and postoperative adverse events; however, patients who underwent SILS had lower blood loss, decreased blood transfusion requirement, shorter time to flatus, shorter hospital stay, and smaller incision. Concerning the oncologic outcomes, length of resected specimens, number of harvested lymph nodes, proximal margin, and distal margin, were comparable between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a safe, feasible, and oncological efficient alternative to CL for colorectal diseases. Further larger, multi-centred, randomised controlled trial is indicated.

Body mass index and health-related quality of life in adults: a population based study in five cities of China.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a randomly selected Chinese sample. METHODS: A total of 3600 residents aged 18-80 years were sampled in five cities of China using a randomized stratified multiple-stage sampling method to receive the interview, with a self-completed questionnaire to collect demographic information, and the Mandarin version of Short Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) to assess HRQL, followed by height and weight measurements for calculating body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional association between BMI and HRQL was analysed. RESULTS: Among the 3207 participants (mean age 42 years) suitable for analysis, BMI differed by age and gender. Based on the international or the Asian BMI categories, in women, meaningful impairments were seen between obese and normal weight participants in four physical health scales, and only one scale of the four mental health scales--vitality scale was affected by obesity; in men, impairments by obesity were not found in all of the eight SF-36 scales, and better HRQL in two mental health scales were observed in obese participants compared to normal weight ones; after adjusting related variables, several physical but not mental health scales were found impaired by obesity. CONCLUSION: Obesity impaired physical but not mental health, and the impairments varied between genders. Public health agencies and government should emphasize the impairments of obesity on physical health.

RGD peptide immobilized on TiO2 nanotubes for increased bone marrow stromal cells adhesion and osteogenic gene expression.

Recently, TiO(2) nanotube layers are widely used in orthopedics and dental applications because of their good promotion effect on bone cells. Furthermore, peptide sequences such as arginine-glycine-aspartic acid are used to modify Ti implant for binding to cell surface integrins through motif. In this study, a cellular adhesive peptide of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-cysteine (RGDC) was immobilized onto anodized TiO(2) nanotubes on Ti to examine its in vitro responses on rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. High-resolution C1s scans suggested the presence of RGDC on the surface and SEM images confirmed the nanotubes were not destroyed after modification. BMSCs adhesion and osteogenic gene expression were detected in TiO(2) nanotube layers with and without RGDC modification by fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, SEM, and realtime polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). Results showed that the TiO(2) nanotube layers immobilized with RGDC increased BMSCs adhesion compared to nonfunctionalized nanotubes after 4 h of cultivation. Furthermore, the osteogenic gene expression of BMSCs was dramatically enhanced on the TiO(2) nanotube layers immobilized with RGDC (10 mM) compared to the TiO(2) nanotube layers immobilized with RGDC (1 mM) and non-functionalized anodized Ti. Our results from in vitro study provided evidence that Ti anodized to possess nanotubes and then further functionalized with RGDC should be further studied for the design of better biomedical implant surfaces.

Meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) remains to be established as a safe and effective alternative to open liver resection (OLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIMS: The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare laparoscopic versus open resection for HCC with regard to perioperative and oncologic outcomes. METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify comparative studies reporting outcomes for both laparoscopic and open resection for HCC. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using either the fixed effects model or random effects model. RESULTS: Ten nonrandomized controlled studies matched the selection criteria and reported on 494 subjects, of whom 213 underwent LLR and 281 underwent OLR for HCC. Compared with the perioperative results of open surgery, reports on laparoscopic resection indicate potentially favourable outcomes in terms of operative blood loss (WMD: -160.57, 95% CI: -246.49 to -74.66), blood transfusion requirement (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.86), postoperative morbidity (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.78), and length of hospital stay (WMD: -5.53, 95% CI: -7.89 to -3.16). Concerning the oncologic outcomes, there was no difference between groups in surgical margin, overall survival and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: LLR for HCC is superior to the OLR in terms of its perioperative results and does not compromise the oncological outcomes. Therefore, LLR may be an alternative choice for treatment of HCC.

Health-related quality of life in Chinese people: a population-based survey of five cities in China.

AIMS: The current study aimed at undertaking an investigation to describe health-related quality of life (HRQL) in Chinese people, with a Mandarin version of the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) validated. METHODS: A total of 3,219 respondents were successfully interviewed under a randomized stratified multi-stage sampling design from April 2007 to January 2008 in five cities of mainland China. Self-finished interview method was applied and the Mandarin version of SF-36 was used for assessing HRQL. RESULTS: As a result, the reliability and validity of SF-36 were acceptable, although some deviations from the hypothesized model still existed. The Chinese population scored higher than other populations in five of the eight SF-36 scales and Chinese men scored higher than women in six of the eight SF-36 scales. CONCLUSIONS: Basically, the Mandarin version of SF-36 is a reliable instrument, although minor modifications are needed. The health-related quality of life in Chinese people were quite high based on the sample of five cities in China; further research is needed to establish the countrywide norm of health-related quality of life in mainland China.

[The role of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor of acute myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of elevated in-hospital glucose level on outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and evaluate the role of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor of AMI. METHODS: The study included a retrospective analysis of AMI patients who were admitted to No. 81 Hospital of PLA from January 2000 to May 2010. In patients without a history of diabetes, and those with fasting blood glucose (FBG)≥7.0 mmol/L at admission but returned to normal range soon after admission were defined as stress hyperglycemia of non-diabetic AMI patients. Both diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients were stratified into four mutually exclusive groups according to FBG levels: <7.0, 7.0-7.9, 8.0-11.0 and ≥11.1 mmol/L. The in-hospital mortality, incidence of complications, and treatment to lower glucose level were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on risk factors of outcome of AMI patients. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-two AMI patients were enrolled with 45 diabetic patients and 107 patients without previous diabetes. In diabetic group patients with FBG≥8.0 mmol/L and those with FBG≥11.1 mmol/L accounted for 73.3% (33 cases) and 46.7% (21 cases), respectively. In non-diabetic group patients with stress hyperglycemia accounted for 43.9% (47 cases), among which patients with FBG levels of 7.011.0 mmol/L accounted for 91.5% (43 cases). Compared with the non-diabetic group, the in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in diabetic group (35.6% vs. 15.9%, P=0.007). In both groups, the in-hospital mortality presented an elevating tendency with an increasing FBG level. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that in diabetic group patients with FBG≥8.0 mmol/L had 12.28-fold higher risk of death than patients with FBG<8.0 mmol/L, and that in non-diabetic group patients with FBG≥7.0 mmol/L had 4.81-fold higher risk of death than patients with FBG<7.0 mmol/L. FBG was an independent risk factor of death with relative odds ratio (OR) 1.03, with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.01-1.16, P=0.012, and OR 1.56, 95%CI 1.09-2.23, P=0.015 in diabetic group and non-diabetic group, respectively. The incidence of congestive heart failure in diabetic group was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic group (40.0% vs. 22.4%, P=0.027). In non-diabetic group, the incidence of lung infection, congestive heart failure, serious arrhythmias and acute cerebrovascular events (51.1%, 34.0%, 27.7%, 14.9%, respectively) was increased significantly in patients with FBG≥7.0 mmol/L than that in patients with FBG<7.0 mmol/L (18.3%, 13.3%, 10.0%, 0, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). This association was not seen in diabetic group. 80.0% of patients (36 cases) in diabetic group received anti-hyperglycemia treatments in which insulin therapy accounted for 63.9% (23 cases), while there was not even 1 patient who needed insulin therapy in non-diabetic patients with stress hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION: In-hospital mortality and complications were significantly increased in diabetic AMI patients and in non-diabetic AMI patients with stress hyperglycemia. Both a history of diabetes mellitus and stress hyperglycemia have strong influence on AMI prognosis. It seems to be more plausible to collaborate blood glucose level with history of diabetes in considering risk factors in AMI patients.

Triazine-cored covalent organic framework for ultrasensitive detection of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from real samples: Experimental and DFT study.

Food and environmental safety issues attributable to the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are gaining increasing attention, and these urge us to establish a high-performance sample-handling technique. In this study, an outstanding adsorption performance with short adsorption time (10 min) was achieved for PBDEs using a novel synthesized dispersive solid-phase extraction adsorbent, a reticulated covalent organic framework with N/O functional groups (i.e., imine linkage, triazine, and methoxy) (TAPT-DMTA-COF). By conducting sufficient experimentation and theoretical simulation on adsorption mechanism, the halogen bond between electronegative N/O atoms of TAPT-DMTA-COF and the electropositive Br atoms of PBDEs were observed to play a more pivotal role than π-π, C-H…π interactions, and hydrophobic effects. Furthermore, the positive linear relation between calculated adsorption energy and Br content directly clarified that enrichment behavior of PBDEs can be attributed to halogen bonding. These data implied that integrated nanostructure (i.e., N/O functional groups and reticulated architecture) effectively enhanced adsorption capacity. In case of PBDE analysis, this approach achieved excellent results with low limits of detection (0.03-0.13 ng L-1). Finally, the promising potential applications of aforementioned method were verified by spiking water, fish, and milk samples with PBDEs; good PBDEs recoveries were obtained.

Association between Baseline SBP/DBP and All-Cause Mortality in Residents of Shanxi, China: A Population-based Cohort Study from 2002 to 2015.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between blood pressure and all-cause mortality in Shanxi, China. METHODS: The '2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey' baseline data in Shanxi province was used. A retrospective investigation was performed in 2015. The effects of SBP and DBP on the all-cause mortality were analyzed using the Cox regression model. The hazard ratio ( HR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) were estimated by the sex and age groups. RESULTS: The follow-up rate was 76.52% over 13 years, while the cumulative mortality rate for all participants was 917.12/100,000 person-years. The mortality rose with an increasing SBP ( χ 2 trend = 270.537, P < 0.001) or DBP level ( χ 2 trend = 57.240, P < 0.001). After adjustment for the confounding factors, a significant association between mortality and high SBP (≥ 160 mmHg) and high DBP (≥ 100 mmHg), with adjusted HR ranging from 1.405- to 2.179-fold for SBP and 1.550- to 2.854-fold for DBP, was noted. Significant HRs for most DBP subgroups were found in > 60-year-old participants. Males with DBP ≥ 100 mmHg had a significantly higher mortality, with an HR (95% CI) of 2.715 (1.377-5.351). CONCLUSION: Adults with SBP > 160 mmHg and DBP > 100 mmHg had a higher mortality risk. Sex and age difference was noted in both DBP and mortality risk.

Burden of cardiovascular disease from 1990 to 2017 in Henan Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in China. Little is known about the CVD burden and risk factors in Henan Province, China. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the CVD burden and main risk factors between 1990 and 2017 in the Henan Province in China. METHODS: The methodological framework and analytical strategies adopted in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 were used. RESULTS: (1) Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to CVDs increased from 355.0 per 100,000 persons in 1990 to 364.1 per 100,000 persons in 2017 in Henan. (2) Age-standardized disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate fell by 3.9% from 1990 to 2017. However, the number of DALYs attributed to CVDs increased by 75.9% from 4.2 million person-years in 1990 to 7.3 million person-years in 2017. (3) The age-standardized years lived with disability (YLDs) rate increased by 27.5% from 1990 to 2017. However, years of life lost (YLLs) rate decreased by 6.7% from 1990 to 2017. The contribution of YLLs to the DALYs decreased from 91.4% in 1990 to 89.2% in 2017. (4) Stroke (52.3%) and ischemic heart diseases (38.8%) accounted for 91.1% of total CVDs DALYs among adults in 2017. (5) Dietary factors such as high intake of sodium, alcohol use and low intake of fruits, high systolic blood pressure, and tobacco use were the top risk factors for CVDs, and the estimated population attributable fraction in 2017 was 69.4%, 56.7% and 25.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The absolute burden of CVDs in Henan is still high, although age-standardized DALYs declined between 1990 and 2017. The prevention and control of stroke and ischemic heart diseases should focus on a few modifiable risk factors which mainly contributed to the burden of CVDs, such as dietary factors, high systolic blood pressure, and tobacco use.

Fluorescent property of the Gd3+-doped terbium complexes and crystal structure of [Tb(TPTZ)(H2O)6]Cl3.3H2O.

The complex of Tb(TPTZ)Cl(3).3H(2)O was synthesized by adding the ethyl alcohol solution of TbCl(3) (1 mmol) to the solution of 2,4,6-tris-(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine(TPTZ, 1 mmol) with constant stirring. The solution which had been filtered was kept at the room temperature for 4 weeks, and then a kind of transparent crystal was formed. Besides, nine kinds of solid complexes in the different molar proportion of terbium to gadolinium had been synthesized by adopting the similar method mentioned above. It was inferred from the elemental analysis and rare earth complexometry that the composition of these complexes is (Tb(x)Gd(y))(TPTZ)Cl(3).3H(2)O (x : y = 0.9 : 0.1, 0.8 : 0.2, 0.7 : 0.3, 0.6 : 0.4, 0.5 : 0.5, 0.4 : 0.6, 0.3 : 0.7, 0.2 : 0.8, 0.1 : 0.9). The absorption spectra and photoluminescence of the complexes were determined in dimethylsulfoxide (DMF), which showed that the excitation of the complexes is mostly ligand based. The triplet state energy level of TPTZ was measured, indicating that the lowest excitation state energy level of Tb(III) and the triplet state energy level of TPTZ match well each other. The fluorescent data indicated that the fluorescent emission intensity of Tb(3+) ions would be enhanced in the complexes after terbium was doped with Gd(3+) ion. When x : y was 0.5 : 0.5, the fluorescent emission intensity was the largest. The result obtained by testing the X-ray diffraction of the monocrystal revealed that the molecular formula of the mono-crystal complex is [Tb(TPTZ)(H(2)O)(6)]Cl(3).3H(2)O. The number of metal ion coordinates is nine, and the tridentate TPTZ and six water molecules are bonded with terbium respectively. Besides, it also revealed that the monocrystal belongs to the monoclinic system, and space group Cc with the following unit cell parameters is a = 1.4785 (3) nm, b = 1.0547 (2) nm, c = 1.7385 (4) nm, beta = 94.42 (3) degrees, V = 2.7028 (9) nm(3) and Z = 4.

[Fluorescence research on reaction mechanism of nucleic acid with small organic molecules].

The interaction mechanism of nucleic acid with small organic molecules plays an important role in the recognition of the structure and function of nucleic acids, which can also reveal the biological function of nucleic acids and the mechanism of some drugs. Research on the interaction between nucleic acid and small organic molecules plays an important part in simulating the life process and exploring the essence of life. In the present article, detailed description of the fluorescence spectroscopy research methods used in this field is presented. The fluorescence quenching types of the interaction between nucleic acid and small organic molecules (including dyes and drugs) are discussed. There are many factors influencing the fluorescence quenching type, including the temperature, the rate constant of bimolecular quenching process, the fluorescence lifetime, changes of the absorption spectra and so on. So according to different affecting factors, the fluorescence quenching type can be determined based on corresponding theories. Many different kinds of calculation methods are also summarized, including the calculations of the binding constant, the distance between fluorescence donor and receptor, the interaction force type and the binding mode of nucleic acid with small organic molecules. Furthermore, the formation constant of nucleic acid with small organic molecules is studied with different binding numbers. These conclusions have guiding significance for studying the interaction between nucleic acid and small organic molecules. These results can also provide guidance for the development of new nucleic acid probe, and the design of new drug molecules, of which nucleic acid is the important target.

[Studies and application of flow injection chemiluminescence in analytical chemistry].

At present, flow-injection chemiluminescence is of high sensitivity, fast analysis, low cost, wide linear response range, and simplified operation for trace analysis, and makes a feature of fast development and wide application. As a trace analysis method, it is infiltrated in diverse areas. The principle and characteristics of flow-injection chemiluminescence were expounded, and the chemiluminescence systems were introduced in detail in the present article. The research developments, which were mainly about drug analysis, environment monitoring and life sciences examination, were summarized, at home and abroad. The application situations of the method were briefed from aspects of determination of sample, the reaction medium, chemiluminescence systems, the linearity range, and the detection limit. Finally, the author proposed suggestions in view of this method to address the ongoing problems, and prospected broad application of flowing injection chemiluminescence in drug analysis, immunoassay, mineralogical analysis, environment monitoring, clinical medicine and life sciences.

Abdominal Obesity and Its Attribution to All-cause Mortality in the General Population with 14 Years Follow-up: Findings from Shanxi Cohort in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association of waist circumference (WC) with all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. METHODS: The baseline data were from Shanxi Province of 2002 China Nutrition and Health Survey. The death investigation and follow-up visit were conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. The visits covered up to 5,360 of 7,007 participants, representing a response rate of 76.5%. The Cox regression model and floating absolute risk were used to estimate hazard ratio and 95% floating CI of death by gender and age groups (≥ 60 and < 60 years old). Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding current smokers; participants with stroke, hypertension, and diabetes; participants who accidentally died; and participants who died during the first 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: This study followed 67,129 person-years for 12.5 years on average, including 615 deaths. The mortality density was 916 per 100,000 person-years. Low WC was associated with all-cause mortality among men. Multifactor-adjusted hazard ratios ( HR) were 1.60 (1.35-1.90) for WC < 75.0 cm and 1.40 (1.11-1.76) for WC ranging from 75.0 cm to 79.9 cm. Low WC (< 70.0 cm and 70.0-74.9 cm) and high WC (≥ 95.0 cm) groups had a high risk of mortality among women. The adjusted HRs of death were 1.43 (1.11-1.83), 1.39 (1.05-1.84), and 1.91 (1.13-3.22). CONCLUSION: WC was an important predictor of death independent of body mass index (BMI). WC should be used as a simple rapid screening and predictive indicator of the risk of death.