Primary severe hypospadias: comparison of reoperation rates and parental perception of urinary symptoms and cosmetic outcomes among 4 repairs.

PURPOSE: We compared complication rates, urinary symptoms and cosmetic outcomes as perceived by parents of patients undergoing 1 of 4 repairs for proximal hypospadias associated with ventral curvature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 93 patients underwent hypospadias repair between 2004 and 2010. In patients requiring no urethral plate transection the repair consisted of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (26 patients) or onlay island flap urethroplasty (31). In patients requiring urethral plate transection the repair consisted of onlay island flap on albuginea (18 patients) or 2-stage repair (18). Complications were assessed by chart review. A customized questionnaire and the Pediatric Penile Perception Score were administered to parents to evaluate their perception of urinary symptoms and cosmetic outcomes, respectively. RESULTS: After a median followup of 4.5 years (range 2.2 to 8.4) complications developed in 21 patients (23%) without any difference among procedures or between patients who did and did not require urethral plate transection. Parents of 75 patients (80%) participated in the survey without differences among repairs (p = 0.35). Reported urinary symptoms were not different among repairs. For Pediatric Penile Perception Score the only difference concerned the question about penile length (p = 0.03), with the score being significantly better for the techniques requiring urethral plate transection (p = 0.05). The 2-stage repair had a significantly better score for the question about penile length and overall Pediatric Penile Perception Score than all other techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Overall complication rates were comparable among repairs and did not increase after urethral plate transection. Urinary symptoms as reported by parents were comparable among the procedures. Perceived penile length was significantly better after urethral plate transection. The 2-stage repair yielded the best cosmetic results.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after renal transplant in non-urologic anuric patients.

We assessed LUTS at least 12 months after RTx in patients without evidence of lower urinary tract dysfunction (non-urologic) that had been anuric for at least six months before RTx. No bladder recycling was performed before RTx. LUTS were evaluated using a questionnaire. Clinical records were also reviewed. LUTS in anuric patients were compared with those in non-anuric patients. Fourteen anuric patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Median age at RTx was 11 (5-21) yr, median duration of anuria before RTx 24 (7-46) months, and median post-RTx follow-up 2.7 (1.9-10.2) yr. Daytime symptoms were exceptional. Nocturia was the most common symptom (10 patients). Only one patient reported symptoms to affect her quality of life. One patient experienced a febrile UTI and none graft failure. LUTS (nocturia) proved unrelated to duration of anuria, length of follow-up, and presence of (nocturnal) polyuria. LUTS were not statistically different in patients anuric and non-anuric before RTx. Non-urologic patients suffer from long-term storage symptoms, particularly nocturia. LUTS, however, do not seem to increase the risks of urinary infections or graft failure and appear to occur irrespective of the presence of anuria before RTx. Bladder recycling before RTx seems unnecessary.

Scrotal dermoid extending to the posterior urethra through a corpus cavernosum in a child.

A 3-year-old boy presented with an asymptomatic intertesticular mass increasing in size. Plasma tumor markers (α-fetoprotein and ß-human chorionic gonadotrophin) were negative. The mass had a pattern similar to testicular parenchyma but no discernable blood flow on scrotal Doppler ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed that it reached the posterior urethra after passing through the right corpus cavernosum with a progressive tapering extending into the pelvis. The mass was excised surgically and histologically found to be consistent with a dermoid cyst. Such rare benign lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of painless scrotal masses in children. Its anatomy was accurately defined by magnetic resonance imaging and was essential to minimize the risk to adjacent structures.

Issues with the external and internal genitalia in postpubertal females born with classic bladder exstrophy: a surgical series.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with surgical management of gynecological issues in postpubertal female patients born with classic bladder exstrophy (BE). DESIGN: Retrospective review of clinical charts. SETTING: Tertiary pediatric urology unit. PARTICIPANTS: 16 postpubertal female BE patients. INTERVENTIONS: Cosmetic surgery to the external genitalia, widening of vaginal introitus, and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: patient satisfaction and additional gynecological problems during follow-up. RESULTS: Eight cases (14-43 years old) underwent cosmetic procedures. All resulted in improved cosmesis, but one case complained of reduced erogenous sensitivity after clitoridoplasty. Five cases (17-20 years old) underwent widening of the vaginal introitus. The modification was as short as possible to avoid any foreshortening of the dorsal vaginal wall. Three cases 33-45 years old presented with pelvic organ prolapse. All were sexually active. One had already given birth. All the three had previously been submitted elsewhere to a posterior vaginal cutback and one to hysterectomy. Two are still awaiting further treatment due to recurrent prolapse. CONCLUSION: Female BE patients can seek advice to improve the appearance of the external genitalia at any ages. Clitoridoplasty should be considered carefully, because it may harm erogenous sensitivity. Problems with the vaginal introitus typically present at around 20 years of age, probably when BE patients become sexually active. Opening too widely the introitus can cause a foreshortening of the posterior vaginal wall, predisposing to pelvic organ prolapse. Treatment of pelvic organ prolapse is difficult.

Hydrosalpinx in a patient with complex genitourinary malformation.

We describe an adolescent female patient born with a complex genitourinary malformation including bilateral duplex system and duplication of the müllerian structures (bicornuate uterus and septate vagina). She presented with a symptomatic hydrosalpinx. The typical imaging of this condition is described along with the issues associated with the differential diagnosis in this complex scenario. The diagnosis of hydrosaplinx should be suspected in patients with complex genitourinary malformations and a pelvic fluid collection. Associated genital and renal anomalies are noted in 30% of cases.

Testicular fusion in a patient with transverse testicular ectopia and persistent mullerian duct syndrome.

We report a case of fused testes in a patient with transverse testicular ectopia and persistent Mullerian duct syndrome. A laparoscopy performed to confirm the diagnosis showed a single vas deferens on the left side. Treatment included excision of the Mullerian remnant through a left inguinal incision and orchidopexy of the fused testes via the left inguinal canal after sectioning of the right internal spermatic vessels. Follow-up ultrasound has so far confirmed viability of both testes.