Association of at-home and out-of-home eating frequency with the estimated 10-year arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: Insufficient evidence currently exists regarding the relationship between eating frequency and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the association of at-home eating (AHE) and out-of-home eating (OHE) frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk. METHODS: A total of 23,014 participants were included from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to acquire data on the frequency of OHE and AHE. The relationship of OHE and AHE frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk was evaluated by logistic regression. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate whether BMI mediated the association of OHE and AHE frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk. RESULTS: The adjusted OR and 95% CI of 10-year ASCVD risk for participants who ate out 7 or more times a week was 2.012 (1.666, 2.429) compared with participants who had OHE 0 times. Compared to those who had AHE ≤ 11 times, the adjusted OR and 95% CI for the participants eating every meal at home (21 times) was 0.611 (0.486, 0.769). The relationship of OHE and AHE frequency with 10-year ASCVD risk was mediated by BMI, and the proportion of BMI explained was 25.3% and 36.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The OHE frequency was associated with increased 10-year ASCVD risk, while AHE was related to decreased 10-year ASCVD risk, and BMI may play a partial mediating role in the relationship. Implementing health promotion strategies that promote AHE and discourage frequent OHE may prove to be an effective approach to preventing and controlling ASCVD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699 (2015-07-06).

Pulse-shaped high-energy and high-average-power fiber laser in the nanosecond regime.

A high-energy and high-average-power pulsed fiber laser has been investigated in a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration seeding with a diode laser at a programmed pulse duration of ∼250ns. The fiber amplifier successfully demonstrates the pulse with 21.4 mJ at the repetition rate of 50 kHz and a maximum average output power of 1535 W with a slope efficiency of 81.6% at 250 kHz. To overcome fiber nonlinearities such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and self-phase modulation (SPM), extra-large mode area ytterbium (Yb)-doped step-index dual cladding fiber has been utilized as gain fiber in the MOPA laser system. The gain saturation effect in the power amplifier was greatly mitigated by the programmed seed signal. This pulse-shaped MOPA system can provide practical applications in many fields such as laser cleaning, paint stripping, and other applications requiring special pulse shapes.

Application of Two Novel Acoustic Emission Parameters on Identifying the Instability of Granite.

The issue of monitoring and early warning of rock instability has received increasing critical attention in the study of rock engineering. To investigate the damage evolution process of granite under triaxial compression tests, acoustic emission (AE) tests were performed simultaneously. This study firstly introduced two novel parameters, i.e., the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the information entropy and correlation dimension of the amplitude data from the AE tests, to identify the precursor of the failure of granite. Then the relationship between the changes in these parameters and the stress-time curve was compared and analyzed. The results of this study show that: (1) There is a strong correlation between the CoV of the information entropy and the failure process of granite. The granite failed when the CoV curve raised to a plateau, which could be used as an indicator of rock instability. (2) The fluctuation of the correlation dimension indicates the different stages during the loading process, i.e., the initial compaction stage, the linear elastic stage, the yield stage, and the failure stage. Each stage contains a descending and a rising process in the correlation dimension curve, and the exhibited starting point or the bottom point at the correlation dimension curve could be selected as the indicator point for the rock instability. (3) The combined analysis of the Information entropy and Correlation dimension can improve the accuracy of rock instability prediction. This study provides new insights into the prediction of rock instability, which has theoretical implications for the stability of subsurface engineering rock masses.

Accuracy improvement of quantitative LIBS analysis of coal properties using a hybrid model based on a wavelet threshold de-noising and feature selection method.

A hybrid model based on a wavelet threshold de-noising (WTD) and recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV) method was proposed to improve the measurements in quantitative analysis of coal properties using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). First, a modified threshold of WTD was proposed based on wavelet coefficient theory. Interference of noise in the LIBS spectrum was reduced by using this modified method. Then, the RFECV method was applied to extract effective features from the de-noised LIBS spectrum. Finally, support vector regression (SVR) models of coal properties were established by the selected features. A validation set was used to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the hybrid model. The improvement of the hybrid model on the quantitative analysis of each index of coal properties (heat value, ash, volatile content) was studied and discussed. By using the proposed model, the determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error of prediction, average relative error, and relative standard deviation were all significantly improved over the original spectra model. The results demonstrated that the proposed model could effectively improve the accuracy and precision of LIBS quantitative analysis for coal properties.

Efficient gene transfer into T lymphocytes by fiber-modified human adenovirus 5.

BACKGROUND: The gene transduction efficiency of adenovirus to hematopoietic cells, especially T lymphocytes, is needed to be improved. The purpose of this study is to improve the transduction efficiency of T lymphocytes by using fiber-modified human adenovirus 5 (HAdV-5) vectors. RESULTS: Four fiber-modified human adenovirus 5 (HAdV-5) vectors were investigated to transduce hematopoietic cells. F35-EG or F11p-EG were HAdV-35 or HAdV-11p fiber pseudotyped HAdV-5, and HR-EG or CR-EG vectors were generated by incorporating RGD motif to the HI loop or to the C-terminus of F11p-EG fiber. All vectors could transduce more than 90% of K562 or Jurkat cells at an multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 500 viral particle per cell (vp/cell). All vectors except HR-EG could transduce nearly 90% cord blood CD34+ cells or 80% primary human T cells at the MOI of 1000, and F11p-EG showed slight superiority to F35-EG and CR-EG. Adenoviral vectors transduced CD4+ T cells a little more efficiently than they did to CD8+ T cells. These vectors showed no cytotoxicity at an MOI as high as 1000 vp/cell because the infected and uninfected T cells retained the same CD4/CD8 ratio and cell growth rate. CONCLUSIONS: HAdV-11p fiber pseudotyped HAdV-5 could effectively transduce human T cells when human EF1a promoter was used to control the expression of transgene, suggesting its possible application in T cell immunocellular therapy.

Quantitative phase imaging based on simple Michelson-type lateral shearing interferometry with rotational right-angle prisms.

By using a kind of simple Michelson-type lateral shearing interferometry, in this paper, the precise quantitative phase measurement of transparent microscopic objects is realized successfully. For this interferometry, on the basis of the fundamental structure of the traditional Michelson interferometer, the two plane mirrors are replaced with two ordinary right-angle prisms. In the beginning, the ridges of the two right-angle prisms are set to align with the optical axis and be in the vertical direction. Subsequently, to achieve the lateral shear, one of these two right-angle prisms is rotated around its ridge. Furthermore, the goal to obtain more lateral shear can be achieved by introducing a bigger rotating angle or rotating another prism simultaneously. In addition, owing to the simple structure of the Michelson interferometer and the inexpensive optical components used, the system is compact, portable, easy to operate, and low cost. The experimental results show the practicability of this system.

Studies on the Interaction of Tumor-Derived HD5 Alpha Defensins with Adenoviruses and Implications for Oncolytic Adenovirus Therapy.

Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides capable of neutralizing human adenovirus (HAdV) in vitro by binding capsid proteins and blocking endosomal escape of virus. In humans, the alpha defensin HD5 is produced by specialized epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tracts. Here, we demonstrate, using patient biopsy specimens, that HD5 is also expressed as an active, secreted peptide by epithelial ovarian and lung cancer cells in situ This finding prompted us to study the role of HD5 in infection and spread of replication-competent, oncolytic HAdV type 3 (HAdV3). HAdV3 produces large amounts of penton-dodecahedra (PtDd), virus-like particles, during replication. We have previously shown that PtDd are involved in opening epithelial junctions, thus facilitating lateral spread of de novo-produced virions. Here, we describe a second function of PtDd, namely, the blocking of HD5. A central tool to prove that viral PtDd neutralize HD5 and support spread of progeny virus was an HAdV3 mutant virus in which formation of PtDd was disabled (mut-Ad3GFP, where GFP is green fluorescent protein). We demonstrated that viral spread of mut-Ad3GFP was blocked by synthetic HD5 whereas that of the wild-type (wt) form (wt-Ad3GFP) was only minimally impacted. In human colon cancer Caco-2 cells, induction of cellular HD5 expression by fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) significantly inhibited viral spread and progeny virus production of mut-Ad3GFP but not of wt-Ad3GFP. Finally, the ectopic expression of HD5 in tumor cells diminished the in vivo oncolytic activity of mut-Ad3GFP but not of wt-Ad3GFP. These data suggest a new mechanism of HAdV3 to overcome innate antiviral host responses. Our study has implications for oncolytic adenovirus therapy.IMPORTANCE Previously, it has been reported that human defensin HD5 inactivates specific human adenoviruses by binding to capsid proteins and blocking endosomal escape of virus. The central new findings described in our manuscript are the following: (i) the discovery of a new mechanism used by human adenovirus serotype 3 to overcome innate antiviral host responses that is based on the capacity of HAdV3 to produce subviral penton-dodecahedral particles that act as decoys for HD5, thus preventing the inactivation of virus progeny produced upon replication; (ii) the demonstration that ectopic HD5 expression in cancer cells decreases the oncolytic efficacy of a serotype 5-based adenovirus vector; and (iii) the demonstration that epithelial ovarian and lung cancers express HD5. The study improves our understanding of how adenoviruses establish infection in epithelial tissues and has implications for cancer therapy with oncolytic adenoviruses.

All-normal dispersion fiber lasers with magneto-optical polarization controllers.

An all-normal dispersion fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear polarization evolution is presented in this paper. A magneto-optical polarization controller is employed in a fiber laser to optimize the polarization state and mode-locking operation. In order to provide an adjustable and large enough magnetic field for magneto-optical crystals, a magnetic yoke is designed with silicon steel and copper coil. The Q-switched and continuous-wave mode-locking regime of the fiber laser are investigated experimentally. At a pumping power of 2.08 W, the laser can generate stable mode-locking pulses with an average power of 213 mW. The repetition rate and the pulse duration are 63.7 MHz and 6.2 ps, respectively, corresponding to a pulse energy of 3.34 nJ and a peak power of 539 W. The laser can operate continuously in mode-locking states over five hours with almost no variation in pulse profile, optical spectrum, and output power.

Cross-splicing method for compensating fiber birefringence in polarization-maintaining fiber ring laser mode locked by nonlinear polarization evolution.

We propose a cross-splicing method, for the first time to our knowledge, to compensate the effect of fiber birefringence in a polarization-maintaining fiber ring laser mode locked by nonlinear polarization evolution. This method has been investigated numerically and experimentally. The results indicate that stable mode-locking pulses can be obtained in the cavity with this method; otherwise, no mode-locking states are achieved. The design processes of the laser cavity are presented. Pulses with single pulse energy of 2.1 nJ are generated at pump power of 460 mW. The spectral bandwidth and pulse duration are 17.5 nm and 11.7 ps, respectively. The tunability of the laser is also studied. The central wavelength can be tuned from 1023.2 to 1045.9 nm.

Enhancement of Virus Replication in An Influenza A Virus NS1-Expresssing 293 Cell Line.

The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus, which is absent from the viral particle, but highly expressed in infected cells, strongly antagonizes the interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response. We engineered an NS1-expressing 293 (293-NS1) cell line with no response to IFN stimulation. Compared with the parental 293 cells, the IFN-nonresponsive 293-NS1 cells improved the growth capacity of various viruses, but the introduction of NS1 barely enhanced the propagation of Tahyna virus, a negative-strand RNA virus. In particular, fastidious enteric adenovirus that replicates poorly in 293 cells may grow more efficiently in 293-NS1 cells; thus, IFN-nonresponsive 293-NS1 cells might be of great value in diagnostic laboratories for the cultivation and isolation of human enteric adenoviruses.

Penton-dodecahedral particles trigger opening of intercellular junctions and facilitate viral spread during adenovirus serotype 3 infection of epithelial cells.

Human adenovirus serotypes Ad3, Ad7, Ad11, and Ad14 use the epithelial junction protein desmoglein 2 (DSG2) as a receptor for infection. During Ad infection, the fiber and penton base capsid proteins are produced in vast excess and form hetero-oligomers, called pentons. It has been shown for Ad3 that pentons self-assemble into penton-dodecahedra (PtDd). Our previous studies with recombinant purified Ad3 PtDd (produced in insect cells) showed that PtDd bind to DSG2 and trigger intracellular signaling resulting in the transient opening of junctions between epithelial cells. So far, a definitive proof for a function of Ad3 PtDd in the viral life cycle is elusive. Based on the recently published 3D structure of recombinant Ad3 PtDd, we generated a penton base mutant Ad3 vector (mu-Ad3GFP). mu-Ad3GFP is identical to its wild-type counterpart (wt-Ad3GFP) in the efficiency of progeny virus production; however, it is disabled in the production of PtDd. For infection studies we used polarized epithelial cancer cells or cell spheroids. We showed that in wt-Ad3GFP infected cultures, PtDd were released from cells before viral cytolysis and triggered the restructuring of epithelial junctions. This in turn facilitated lateral viral spread of de novo produced virions. These events were nearly absent in mu-Ad3GFP infected cultures. Our in vitro findings were consolidated in mice carrying xenograft tumors derived from human epithelial cancer cells. Furthermore, we provide first evidence that PtDd are also formed by another DSG2-interacting Ad serotype, the newly emerged, highly pathogenic Ad14 strain (Ad14p1). The central finding of this study is that a subgroup of Ads has evolved to generate PtDd as a strategy to achieve penetration into and dissemination in epithelial tissues. Our findings are relevant for basic and applied virology, specifically for cancer virotherapy.

Optimization of a Ge2Sb2Te5-Based Electrically Tunable Phase-Change Thermal Emitter for Dynamic Thermal Camouflage.

Controlling infrared thermal radiations can significantly improve the environmental adaptability of targets and has attracted increasing attention in the field of thermal camouflage. Thermal emitters based on Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) can flexibly change their radiation energy by controlling the reversible phase transition of GST, which possesses fast switching speed and low power consumption. However, the feasibility of the dynamic regulation of GST emitters lacks experimental and simulation verification. In this paper, we propose an electrically tunable thermal emitter consisting of a metal-insulator-metal plasmonic metasurface based on GST. Both optical and thermal simulations are conducted to optimize the structural parameters of the GST emitter. The results indicate that this emitter possesses large emissivity tunability, wide incident angle, polarization insensitivity, phase-transition feasibility, and dynamic thermal camouflage capability. Therefore, this work proposes a reliable optimization method to design viable GST-based thermal emitters. Moreover, it provides theoretical support for the practical application of phase-change materials in dynamic infrared thermal camouflage technology.

Healthy diet habits attenuate the association of poor sleep quality with nonfatal ischemic stroke: A prospective rural cohort.

OBJECTIVES: The combined impact of sleep quality and diet habits on ischemic stroke remains unclear, particularly in rural populations. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the individual and joint associations of sleep quality and diet habits with nonfatal ischemic stroke among rural adults. METHODS: A total of 22 536 participants free of stroke were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort. Sleep quality and diet habits were evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and food frequency questionnaire, respectively. The ischemic stroke incidence was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox regression and restricted cubic spline were employed to estimate the correlation of sleep quality or diet habits with ischemic stroke. RESULTS: During an average 3.92 y of follow-up, 665 ischemic stroke patients were identified. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of ischemic stroke risk compared with good sleep quality was 1.276 (1.057-1.542). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of nonfatal ischemic stroke compared with unhealthy diet habits was 0.693 (0.589-0.814). The restricted cubic spline indicated that the risk of ischemic stroke increased with the increase of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. And the higher the diet quality score, the lower the risk of ischemic stroke. (Ptrend < 0.05). Further analysis indicated that the association of poor sleep quality with ischemic stroke was alleviated by healthy diet habits (P < 0.05). Additionally, a robust correlation remained after excluding individuals with ischemic stroke in the first year. CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep quality was positively associated with nonfatal ischemic stroke among rural adults, and healthy diet habits attenuated this relationship. Developing healthy diet and sleep habits may have potential health implications for preventing ischemic stroke. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (registration no. ChiCTR-OOC-15006699). Date of registration: July 6, 2015.

Construction of an infectious clone of human adenovirus type 41.

Human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41) is well known for its fastidiousness in cell culture. To construct an infectious clone of HAdV-41, a DNA fragment containing the left and right ends of HAdV-41 as well as a kanamycin resistance gene and a pBR322 replication origin was excised from the previously constructed plasmid pAd41-GFP. Using homologous recombination, the plasmid pKAd41 was generated by co-transformation of the E. coli BJ5183 strain with this fragment and HAdV-41 genomic DNA. Virus was rescued from pKAd41-transfected 293TE7 cells, a HAdV-41 E1B55K-expressing cell line. The genomic integrity of the rescued virus was verified by restriction analysis and sequencing. Two fibers on the virion were confirmed by western blot. Immunofluorescence showed that more expression of the hexon protein could be found in 293TE7 cells than in 293 cells after HAdV-41 infection. The feature of non-lytic replication was preserved in 293TE7 cells, since very few progeny HAdV-41 viruses were released to the culture medium. These results show that pKAd41 is an effective infectious clone and suggest that the combination of pKAd41 and 293TE7 cells is an ideal system for virological study of HAdV-41.

Tracing sources of oilfield wastewater based on excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with chemical pattern recognition techniques.

In order to prevent the illegal discharge of oilfield wastewater, this work proposed excitation-emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) spectroscopy coupled with two kinds of chemical pattern recognition methods for tracing the sources of oilfield wastewater. The first pattern recognition method was built from the relative concentrations extracted by alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) algorithm, and the other one was modeled based on strictly multi-way partial least squares-discriminant analysis (N-PLS-DA). Both methods showed good discrimination abilities for oilfield wastewater samples from three different sources. The total recognition rates of the training and prediction sets are 100%, the values of sensitivity and selectivity are 1. This study showed that EEMF spectroscopy combined with chemical pattern recognition techniques could be used as a potential tool for tracing the sources of oilfield wastewater.

KAI1 inhibits HGF-induced invasion of pancreatic cancer by sphingosine kinase activity.

BACKGROUND: KAI1/CD82 has been reported to attenuate the process of metastases in a variety of tumors; however, its mechanism of action in invasion has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the importance of KAI1 in invasion and its correlation with activation of sphingosine kinase (SPK) in human pancreatic cancer PANC1 and Miapaca-2 cell lines. METHODS: The expression of KAI1 in PANC1 and Miapaca-2 cells, which was mediated by recombinant adenovirus (Ad-KAI1), was assessed by a flow cytometer and Western blotting. After successful infection was established, in vitro growth curve and invasive ability in Boyden Chamber assay were studied. The presence of KAI1 correlating with c-Met and SPK was detected by co-immunoprecipitation and [gamma-32P] ATP incorporation. RESULTS: KAI1 genes had no significant effects on the curve representing cell growth. After infection with the KAI1 gene, decreased invasive ability in the Boyden Chamber assay was observed in PANC1 and Miapaca-2 cells that were induced by hepatocyte growth factor. Over-expression of KAI1 in the cells led to the deactivation of SPK and a decreased level of intracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate. No correlation was observed between c-Met and KAI1 during co-immunoprecipitation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study for the first time demonstrated a regulatory role for KAI1 in SPK activation, which leads to decreased invasive ability in disease progression of human pancreatic cancer.

Dual-loss-modulated Q-switched and mode-locked YVO(4)/Nd:YVO(4)/KTP green laser with EO and Cr(4+):YAG saturable absorber.

By simultaneously employing the electro-optic (EO) modulator and Cr(4+):YAG saturable absorber, a diode-pumped dual-loss-modulated Q-switched and mode-locked (QML) YVO(4)/NdYVO(4)/KTP green laser is presented. In comparison with the singly passively QML green laser with Cr(4+):YAG, the dual-loss-modulated QML green laser with EO and Cr(4+):YAG can generate more stable pulse train with deeper modulation depth, shorter pulse width, greater pulse energy and higher peak power. For the dual-loss-modulated QML green laser, at a pump power of 18 W and a repetition rate of 1 kHz, the pulse width and the pulse energy of the Q-switch envelope as well as the peak power of QML green laser are 42.1 ns, 360 microJ and 382 kW, respectively, corresponding to the pulse width compression 62%, the pulse energy improvement 10 times and the QML peak power increase 40 times when compared with that of the singly passively QML green laser.

Novel recombinant adenovirus type 41 vector and its biological properties.

BACKGROUND: Human adenovirus serotype 41 (Ad41) is a natural pathogen of the digestive tract and can cause gastroenteritis. There has been interest in reconstructing Ad41 as a gene delivery vector targeting the gastrointestinal tract, which is hampered by its fastidiousness. METHODS: An Ad41 E1B55K-transduced 293 cell line (293E12) was established as the packaging cell line. A backbone plasmid (pAdbone41) and a shuttle plasmid (pSh41-CMV) were constructed based on the Ad41 genome. Replication-defective adenovirus (Ad41-GFP) was rescued in 293E12 after being transfected with the linearized adenoviral plasmid, which was generated by homologous recombination of pAdbone41 and the shuttle plasmid carrying the GFP gene in Escherichia coli strain BJ5183. The packaging ability of 293E12, the stability of the Ad41-GFP genome and the acid-resistant property of Ad41-GFP were all investigated. RESULTS: A 293E12 cell could produce approximately 9000 viral particles of Ad41-GFP, which is close to the amount in the control virus (Ad5-GFP) amplified in one 293 cell. Ad41-GFP contained a genetically stable genome after being passaged eight times in 293E12 cells. More significantly, Ad41-GFP was more resistant to acid exposure than Ad5-GFP. It retained almost complete viability when exposed to hydrochloric acid with a pH value of 2 for 30 min, whereas Ad5-GFP lost 99% of its viability under the same conditions. Ad41-GFP was also more tolerant to treatment with artificial digestive fluid. CONCLUSIONS: An Ad41 vector system was successfully constructed, which consisted of the backbone plasmid, shuttle plasmid and packaging cell line 293E12. This system can be utilized to generate genetically stable and acid-resistant recombinant Ad41 carrying any gene of interest.

Pulse compression in an electro-optic Q-switched diode-pumped YVO4/Nd:YVO4 laser with a Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber.

A diode end-pumped doubly Q-switched YVO4/Nd:YVO4 laser has been realized for the first time to our knowledge by using both an electro-optic (EO) modulator and a Cr4):YAG saturable absorber. A 3.8 ns pulse width is generated by this laser under a pump power of 15 W at 2 kHz, which is obviously compressed in comparison with that of 8.8 ns from a single actively EO Q-switched laser. Under the same conditions, peak power values of 174.7 and 93 kW are also obtained. A coupled equation is given to theoretically analyze the experimental data. The experimental and theoretical results show that the doubly Q-switched laser has the advantages of a shorter pulse width and higher pulse peak power in contrast with a singly Q-switched laser.

☆DNA assembly technique simplifies the construction of infectious clone of fowl adenovirus.

Plasmid bearing adenovirus genome is generally constructed with the method of homologous recombination in E. coli BJ5183 strain. Here, we utilized Gibson gene assembly technique to generate infectious clone of fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4). Primers flanked with partial inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence of FAdV-4 were synthesized to amplify a plasmid backbone containing kanamycin-resistant gene and pBR322 origin (KAN-ORI). DNA assembly was carried out by combining the KAN-ORI fragment, virus genomic DNA and DNA assembly master mix. E. coli competent cells were transformed with the assembled product, and plasmids (pKFAV4) were extracted and confirmed to contain viral genome by restriction analysis and sequencing. Virus was successfully rescued from linear pKFAV4-transfected chicken LMH cells. This approach was further verified in cloning of human adenovirus 5 genome. Our results indicated that DNA assembly technique simplified the construction of infectious clone of adenovirus, suggesting its possible application in virus traditional or reverse genetics.